This book provides an unparalleled comparative analysis of two "hot topics" in the field of antitrust and unfair competition laws with regard to a number of key countries. The first part of the book examines the consistency and compatibility of transactional resolutions of antitrust proceedings (such as settlement procedures, leniency programmes and commitments) with due process and the fundamental rights of the parties. This is a particularly important topic, given the widespread adoption of these procedures by anti-trust authorities worldwide. The individual chapters consider how the leniency, settlement and commitments procedures have developed across a range of jurisdictions, and discuss the extent to which checks and balances have been applied in those national procedures in order to safeguard the fundamental rights of the parties involved. A detailed international report identifies general trends and highlights the differences between and most interesting features of national regulations. The second part of the book gathers contributions from various jurisdictions on the unfair competition-related question of the online exhaustion of IP rights. As commerce is increasingly moving online, the respective chapters consider the extent to which exhaustion and similar concepts have adapted to these rapid changes. The comprehensive and insightful international report brings together these reflections by comparing various national positions. The book also includes the resolutions passed by the General Assembly of the LIDC following a debate on each of these topics, which include proposed solutions and recommendations. The international League of Competition Law (LIDC) is a long-standing international association that focuses on the interface between competition law and intellectual property law, including unfair competition issues.

To what extent should criminal law be used to protect the consumer? Peter Cartwright evaluates the role of criminal law sanctions in consumer protection from an economic and social perspective. In this important new study the author examines the rationales for protecting consumers, and considers the role that legal techniques play in fulfilling these. In addition, he analyzes criminal law doctrines such as strict, corporate, and vicarious liability, and suggests that they require re-evaluation. This study will be of interest to academics, undergraduate and post-graduate students as well as lawyers.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 1998: VII contains two reports in relation to one case. Firstly, there is the Report of the Appellate Body concerning the United States' import prohibition of certain shrimp and shrimp products. Secondly, this volume contains the Panel report in the same case. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 1998: VII.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 1998: VIII contains two reports in relation to one case. Firstly, there is the Report of the Appellate Body concerning Australia's import measures affecting salmon. Secondly, this volume contains the Panel report in the same case. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 1998: VIII.

This book, first published in 1888 and reprinted in 1974, offers a history of US protective tariffs and their consequences for that country's international trade, particularly with Great Britain. Its aim was to present to the reader the arguments for and against the opposing principles of protection and free trade, and in this it is successful - the book is a comprehensive analysis of the issue, seen from a time when the debate was perhaps at its most intense.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 1998: V contains three cases. Firstly, the Report of the Arbitrator in the EC 'meat hormones' case. Secondly, both Reports of the Appellate Body and Panel concerning classification of certain computer equipment by EC customs officials. Lastly, the volume contains both Reports of the Appellate Body and Panel regarding the importation of some poultry products into the EC . The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 1998: V.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 1998: VI contains two cases. Firstly, there is the Report of the Panel concerning Indonesian measures affecting the automobile industry. Secondly, this volume contains the Panel report on patent protection for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products in response to the European Communities' complaint against India. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 1998: VI.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English: as such, they are an essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 1998: III contains two cases. Firstly, there is the Report of the Panel on the complaint by the United States against the European Communities in the 'meat hormones' case. Secondly, there are both the Reports of the Appellate Body and Panel concerning Argentinian imports. The form of citation for this volume recommended by the WTO is DSR 1998: III.

Following the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), the demonstrations against investor-state arbitration and the wide discussion during the 2016 US presidential election, the climate surrounding foreign investment law is one of controversy and change, and with implications for human rights and environmental protection, foreign investment law has gained widespread public attention and visibility. Addressing the pressing need to examine foreign investment law in the context of public international law, the role of the multinational corporation in foreign investment and issues of liability for environmental and other damage, this new edition analyses contractual and treaty-based methods of investment protection and examines the effectiveness of bilateral and regional investment treaties. By offering thought-provoking analysis of the law in historical, political and economic contexts, this fully updated edition of Sornarajah's classic text captures leading trends and charts the possible course of future developments. Suitable for postgraduate and undergraduate students, The International Law on Foreign Investment is essential reading for anyone specialising in the law of foreign investments.

These reports by the World Trade Organization (WTO) include panel and appellate body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the authorized paginated reports in English: as such, they should be a useful addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and a suitable reference tool for students taking courses in international economic or trade law. Cases included concern: restrictions on imports of cotton and man-made fibre underwear; desiccated coconut; imports of woven wool shirts and blouses from India; and periodicals. The form of citation recommended by the WTO for this volume is DSR, 1997: I. Cases in this volume are reported in English. Authorised paginated French and Spanish versions are on sale directly from the WTO

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English: an essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 1998: I contains three cases. Firstly, there is the 1998 Award of the Arbitrator in the 'bananas case'. Secondly, both Appellate Body and Panel Reports are given for the patent protection case resulting from the complaint by the USA against India concerning chemical products. Finally, the volume contains the Report of the Appellate Body in the 'meat hormones' case. The form of citation recommended by the WTO for this volume is DSR 1998: I.

This book gives a broad analysis of the legal issues raised by the international fight against money laundering. It offers extensive comparative research of the criminal and preventive law aspects from an international perspective. Most of this volume is devoted to specific legal problems that spring from the international nature of the money laundering phenomenon. It contains the most detailed overview yet published on the rules and practices of international cooperation in the fight against money laundering, and the jurisdictional questions that inevitably arise in this context.

The Dispute Settlement Reports of the World Trade Organization (WTO) include Panel and Appellate Body reports, as well as arbitration awards, in disputes concerning the rights and obligations of WTO members under the provisions of the Marrakesh Agreement. These are the authorized paginated reports in English: as such, they are an essential addition to the library of all practising and academic trade lawyers, and will be widely consulted by students taking courses in international economic or trade law. Cases included concern: restrictions on imports of cotton and man-made fibre underwear; desiccated coconut; imports of woven wool shirts and blouses from India; and periodicals. The form of citation recommended by the WTO for this volume is DSR, 1997:I. Cases in this volume are reported in English. Authorised paginated French and Spanish versions are on sale directly from the WTO.

The Dispute Settlement Reports are the WTO authorized and paginated reports in English. An essential addition to the library of all practicing and academic trade lawyers and needed by students worldwide taking courses in international economic or trade law. DSR 2016: Volume 3 reports on Colombia - Measures Relating to the Importation of Textiles, Apparel and Footwear (WT/DS461).

The Oxford Handbook on the World Trade Organization provides an authoritative and cutting-edge account of the World Trade Organization. Its purpose is to provide a holistic understanding of what the WTO does, how it goes about fulfilling its tasks, its achievements and problems, and how it might contend with some critical challenges. The Handbook benefits from an interdisciplinary approach. The editorial team comprises a transatlantic partnership between a political scientist, a historian, and an economist. The distinguished and international team of contributors to the volume includes leading political scientists, historians, economists, lawyers, and practitioners working in the area of multilateral trade. All the chapters present original and state-of-the-art research material. They critically engage with existing academic and policy debates, and also contribute to the evolution of the field by setting the agenda for current and future WTO studies.The Handbook is aimed at research institutions, university academics, post-graduate students, and final-year undergraduates working in the areas of international organization, trade policy and negotiations, global economic governance, and economic diplomacy. As such, it should find an enthusiastic readership amongst students and scholars in History, Economics, Political Science, International Relations, Public Policy, and Law. Equally important, the book should have direct relevance for diplomats, international bureaucrats, government officials, and other policy-makers and practitioners in the area of trade and economic governance.

The WTO dispute settlement system has become one of the most dynamic, effective and successful international dispute settlement systems in the world over the past twenty years. This second edition of A Handbook on the WTO Dispute Settlement System has been compiled by the dispute settlement lawyers of the WTO Secretariat with a view to providing a practice-oriented account of the system. In addition to describing the existing rules and procedures, this accessibly written handbook explains how those rules and procedures have been interpreted by dispute settlement panels and the Appellate Body, and how they have evolved over time. The handbook provides practical information to help various audiences understand the day-to-day operation of the WTO dispute settlement system.

A detailed analysis of the history of maritime transport services in the Uruguay and post-Uruguay Round negotiations and the role of the sector in the ongoing Doha Round talks. The reader will be confronted with an extensive overview of the role of maritime transport services in the WTO/GATS framework, a topic basically uncovered in the literature so far.

The essays in this collection use interdisciplinary perspectives to investigate issues in international and comparative law, primarily employing theoretical or empirical economics. They demonstrate that the economic analysis of law has much to contribute to the study of international matters, despite the fact that mainstream international legal scholars and economists have had relatively little interaction. Original versions of the essays were presented at a conference sponsored by Duquesne and George Mason Universities in the Spring of 1995, and some essays are followed by comments from conference participants.

This open access book presents global perspectives and developments within the information and communication technology (ICT) sector, and discusses the bearing they have on policy initiatives that are relevant to the larger digital technology and communications industry. Drawing on key developments in India, the USA, UK, EU, and China, it explores whether key jurisdictions need to adopt a different legal and policy approach to address the unique concerns that have emerged within the technology-intensive industries. The book also examines the latest law and policy debates surrounding patents and competition in these regions. Initiating a multi-faceted discussion, the book enables readers to gain a comprehensive understanding of complex legal and policy issues that are beginning to emerge around the globe.

Impact Assessment (IA) is introduced in this book, with a guide to the process, scope, content, and management of IA for the governments of developing economies. In doing so, evidence-based policy making is taken into full consideration. After the principles of IA are set forth, its procedures are described, illustrated by typical cases from the United States and Japan. Then an explanation follows of the components of IA such as necessity, alternatives, and assessment of cost and benefit, with a description of competition assessment. In developing economies, it is not effective to simply import a system from developed countries directly into developing countries, especially for economic regulation and in consideration of compliance and competition issues. Thus the book provides recommendations on how to appropriately modify developed countries' systems for countries that are still developing. The book concludes by taking up several issues surrounding IA, especially nudge theory and public involvement.

In order to understand international economic regulations, it is essential to understand the variation in competing corporations' interests. This book's theoretical findings open a 'black box' in the literature on international political economy and elucidate a source of regulatory differences and similarities. Its counter-intuitive case studies reveal how business and governments actually interact.

By exploring powerful corporations' investment profiles and regulatory strategies, this book explains why globalization sometimes results in a 'race to the bottom', sometimes in higher common regulations, and sometimes in regulations that differ between countries. Uniquely, it then explains which regulatory outcome is likely to occur under specified conditions. The explanation incorporates economics, political science, studies of regulatory capture, and examinations of transaction costs, firms' regulatory strategies, and the roles international institutions.

Labor rights have traditionally been a concern of labor law scholars and practitioners whose work concentrates exclusively on domestic developments. In the past decade, however, the globalization of investment and production has expanded the bounds of labor rights discourse. Contributors to this volume provide the first comprehensive view of labor rights in the international system of commerce. They consider the avenues open to worker rights claims in the global economy under international human rights instruments, U.S. trade laws, free trade agreements, labor rights litigation, and corporate codes of conduct. They address worker rights from the standpoints of human rights concerns, trade and development policy, and labor law principles.

The economic theory of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), or discriminatory trade liberalization for and among a subset ofnations, was first analyzed with fun damental and startling insight by Jacob Viner (1950). He destroyed the intuition that any move towards free trade was welfare-enhancing, for the country itself or for the world, or for both. He introduced us memorably to the notion of trade di verting -- and here, he meant not diversion in the old and approving sense of en tertainment but in the modern and castigating sense ofdistorting - Free Trade Ar eas (FTAs) and Customs Unions (CUs). In other words, in the economists'jargon, discriminatory approaches to freeing trade were not monotonically welfare-im proving. The legal scholars of GATT and trade law, chiefly the giants Robert Hudec, John Jackson and Kenneth Dam in the United States, were quick to follow suit. Their classic writings on Article XXIV ofthe GATT, which provides an exception to the MFN obligation for contracting parties provided they go all the way and cre ate FTAs and CUs which are supposed to reduce internal trade barriers fully rath er than settle for a lesser preferential arrangement, are still a pleasure to read. They are in the best tradition of a creative interaction between the economic and the le gal disciplines. Indeed, today, as my own work with Robert Hudec, resulting in a major two-volume publication by MIT Press underlines, that interaction has be come yet more profound."

The First Bilateral Investment Treaties is the first and only history of the U.S. postwar Friendship, Commerce, and Navigation (FCN) treaty program, and focuses on the investment-related provisions of those treaties. The 22 U.S. postwar FCN treaties were the first bilateral investment treaties ever concluded, and nearly all of the core provisions in the modern network of more than 3000 international investment agreements worldwide trace their origin to these FCN treaties. This book explains the original understanding of the language of this vast network of agreements which have been and continue to be the subject of hundreds of international arbitrations and billions of dollars in claims. It is based on a review of some 32,000 pages of negotiating history housed in the National Archives. This book demonstrates that the investment provisions were founded on the New Deal liberalism of the Roosevelt-Truman administrations and were intended to acquire for U.S. companies investing abroad the same protections that foreign investors already received in the United States under the U.S. Constitution. It chronicles the failed U.S. attempt to obtain protection for investment through the proposed International Trade Organization (ITO), providing the first and only history of the investment-related provisions in the ITO Charter. It then shows how the FCN treaties, which dated back to 1776 and originally concerned with establishing trade and maritime relations, were re-conceptualized as investment treaties to provide investment protection bilaterally. This book is also a work of diplomatic history, offering an account of the negotiating history of each of the 22 treaties and describing U.S. negotiating policy and strategy.