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Books > Sport & Leisure > Natural history, country life & pets > Wild animals > Aquatic creatures > General
Have you ever wondered how fish, whales, dolphins, seals, turtles,
plants, and many other things relate? In this fully illustrated
book, you will learn what fish eat, and how knowing what they eat
can answer many questions. You will learn to draw a food web,
linking the species together to understand how an ecosystem works.
Thirty-two fish based food webs are included, with a question for
each, and answers at the end of the book. Over seventy species of
fish, whales, dolphins, crustaceans, and other animals are used and
illustrated. From fifth grade to graduate school, every reader will
learn something inside. What do sea dragons eat? Why do Orcas
sometimes kill great white sharks? What to fruit trees have to do
with pink dolphins? Why do snappers follow manatees? Why are
crayfish good for recycling? Why are sea turtles important for blue
marlin? Why should California crab lovers thank sevengill sharks?
Why are silver carp affecting walleye? Suitable as a text for
elementary through high school and maybe college biology courses,
this book might also make the reader a better angler, and allow you
to see the watery world around you very differently.
Easy to understand information about how to start and care for your
water garden or pond. You will find details not usually found in
other how to pond books, such as how to teach your fish to eat out
of your hand. More importantly, specific information on how to
avoid the most common pond problems. Plus money saving tips
In November 2002, coastal and fisheries staff from Olympic National
Park conducted a four-day inventory of intertidal fishes at San
Juan Island National Historical Park. Beach seine sampling was
employed in all intertidal zone habitat types associated with the
coastal areas of the American and English Camp units. A total of 26
sites were sampled in both park units, with 11 sites sampled in the
protected bay habitats of English Camp and 15 in the more exposed
coastal habitats of American Camp. Intertidal habitat diversity was
relatively low, with most areas dominated by mixed-coarse gravel
and sand (American Camp) or mud/silt (English Camp) substrates. A
total of 14 species were documented including various baitfish
(smelt, herring, sandlance), surfperch, flatfish, sculpins, and
gunnels. This project is the first effort to inventory the
intertidal fishes of San Juan Island National Historical Park and
only represents the assemblage structure found within the limited
sampling period.
The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea; leatherback) is
the largest and most migratory of the world's turtles, with the
most extensive geographic range of any living reptile. This highly
specialized turtle is the only living member of the family
Dermochelyidae. It exhibits reduced external keratinous structures:
scales are temporary, disappearing within the first few months and
leaving the entire body covered by smooth black skin. Dorsal keels
streamline a tapered form. The species has a shallow genealogy and
strong population structure worldwide, supporting a natal homing
hypothesis. Gravid females arrive seasonally at preferred nesting
grounds in tropical and subtropical latitudes, with the largest
colonies concentrated in the southern Caribbean region and central
West Africa. Non-breeding adults and sub-adults journey into
temperate and subarctic zones seeking oceanic jellyfish and other
soft-bodied invertebrates. Long-distance movements are not random
in timing or location, with turtles potentially possessing an
innate awareness of profitable foraging opportunities. The basis
for high seas orientation and navigation is poorly understood.
Studies of metabolic rate demonstrate marked differences between
leatherbacks and other sea turtles: the "marathon" strategy of
leatherbacks is characterized by relatively lower sustained active
metabolic rates. Metabolic rates during terrestrial activities are
well-studied compared with metabolic rates associated with activity
at sea. The species faces two major thermoregulatory challenges:
maintaining a high core temperature in cold waters of high
latitudes and/or great depths, and avoiding overheating in some
waters and latitudes, especially while on land during nesting. The
primary means of physiological osmoregulation are the lachrymal
glands, which eliminate excess salt from the body. The leatherback
was re-classified in 2000 by the International Union for the
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species as
Critically Endangered. It remains vulnerable to a wide range of
threats, including bycatch, ingestion of and entanglement in marine
debris, take of turtles and eggs, and loss of nesting habitat to
coastal processes and beachfront development. There is no evidence
of significant current declines at the largest of the Western
Atlantic nesting grounds, but Eastern Atlantic populations face
serious threats and Pacific populations have been decimated.
Incidental mortality in fisheries, implicated in the collapse of
the Eastern Pacific population, is a largely unaddressed problem
worldwide. Although sea turtles were among the first marine species
to benefit from legal protection and concerted conservation effort
around the world, management of contemporary threats often falls
short of what is necessary to prevent further population declines
and ensure the species' survival throughout its range. Successes
include regional agreements that emphasize unified management
approaches, national legislation that protects large juveniles and
breeding-age adults, and community-based conservation efforts that
offer viable alternatives to unsustainable patterns of
exploitation. Future priorities should include the identification
of critical habitat and priority conservation areas, including
corridors that span multiple national jurisdictions and the high
seas, the creation of marine management regimes at ecologically
relevant scales and the forging of new governance patterns,
reducing or eliminating causal factors in population declines
(e.g., over-exploitation, bycatch), and improving management
capacity at all levels.
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