Professionals recognize entropy-enthalpy compensation as an important factor in molecular recognition, lead design, water networks, and protein engineering. It can be experimentally studied by proper combinations of diverse spectroscopic approaches with isothermal titration calorimetry and is clearly related to molecular dynamics. So, how should we treat entropy-enthalpy compensation? Is it a stubborn hindrance that solely complicates the predictability of phenomena otherwise laid on the line by Mother Nature? How should we then deal with it? This book dwells on these posers. It combines two chapters written by globally recognized specialists. Chapter 1 deals with general issues and suggests a definite approach to how we may answer the posers. Chapter 2 shows how the approach outlined might be successfully applied in a rational design of enzymes. This might provide other interesting strategic perspectives in the general theoretical physical chemistry field.

Pressure vessels are prone to explosion while in operation, due to possible errors in material selection, design and other engineering activities. Addressing issues at hand for a working professional, this book covers material selection, testing and design of pressure vessels which enables users to effectively use code rules and available design softwares. Relevant equation derivations have been simplified with comparison to ASME codes. Analysis of special components flange, bellow and tube sheet are included with their background. Topics on tube bend, supports, thermal stresses, piping flexibility and non-pressure parts are described from structural perspective. Vibration of pressure equipment components are covered as well.

The seventh edition of this classic text outlines the fundamental physical principles of thermal radiation, as well as analytical and numerical techniques for quantifying radiative transfer between surfaces and within participating media. The textbook includes newly expanded sections on surface properties, electromagnetic theory, scattering and absorption of particles, and near-field radiative transfer, and emphasizes the broader connections to thermodynamic principles. Sections on inverse analysis and Monte Carlo methods have been enhanced and updated to reflect current research developments, along with new material on manufacturing, renewable energy, climate change, building energy efficiency, and biomedical applications. Features: Offers full treatment of radiative transfer and radiation exchange in enclosures. Covers properties of surfaces and gaseous media, and radiative transfer equation development and solutions. Includes expanded coverage of inverse methods, electromagnetic theory, Monte Carlo methods, and scattering and absorption by particles. Features expanded coverage of near-field radiative transfer theory and applications. Discusses electromagnetic wave theory and how it is applied to thermal radiation transfer. This textbook is ideal for Professors and students involved in first-year or advanced graduate courses/modules in Radiative Heat Transfer in engineering programs. In addition, professional engineers, scientists and researchers working in heat transfer, energy engineering, aerospace and nuclear technology will find this an invaluable professional resource. Over 350 surface configuration factors are available online, many with online calculation capability. Online appendices provide information on related areas such as combustion, radiation in porous media, numerical methods, and biographies of important figures in the history of the field. A Solutions Manual is available for instructors adopting the text.

The Art of Measuring in the Thermal Sciences provides an original state-of-the-art guide to scholars who are conducting thermal experiments in both academia and industry. Applications include energy generation, transport, manufacturing, mining, processes, HVAC&R, etc. This book presents original insights into advanced measurement techniques and systems, explores the fundamentals, and focuses on the analysis and design of thermal systems. Discusses the advanced measurement techniques now used in thermal systems Links measurement techniques to concepts in thermal science and engineering Draws upon the original work of current researchers and experts in thermal-fluid measurement Includes coverage of new technologies, such as micro-level heat transfer measurements Covers the main types of instrumentation and software used in thermal-fluid measurements This book offers engineers, researchers, and graduate students an overview of the best practices for conducting sound measurements in the thermal sciences.

Finite Element Analysis of Weld Thermal Cycles Using ANSYS aims at educating a young researcher on the transient analysis of welding thermal cycles using ANSYS. It essentially deals with the methods of calculation of the arc heat in a welded component when the analysis is simplified into either a cross sectional analysis or an in-plane analysis. The book covers five different cases involving different welding processes, component geometry, size of the element and dissimilar material properties. A detailed step by step calculation is presented followed by APDL program listing and output charts from ANSYS. Features: Provides useful background information on welding processes, thermal cycles and finite element method Presents calculation procedure for determining the arc heat input in a cross sectional analysis and an in-plane analysis Enables visualization of the arc heat in a FEM model for various positions of the arc Discusses analysis of advanced cases like dissimilar welding and circumferential welding Includes step by step procedure for running the analysis with typical input APDL program listing and output charts from ANSYS.

The perpetual flow of understanding between phase transformation that controls grain/microstructures and heat treatment which decides the size of grains/microstructures of steels is not well articulated in the perspective of undergraduate students. In Phase Transformations and Heat Treatments of Steels, theories of phase transformation have been used to obtain a desirable phase or combination of phases by performing appropriate heat treatment operations, leading to unification of both the concepts. Further, it includes special and critical heat treatment practices, case studies, local and in-service heat treatments, curative and preventive measures of heat treatment defects for several common and high-performance applications. Features: Presents fundamentals of phase transformation in steels Analyzes basics of phase transformation due to heat treatment of steel under various environmental conditions Explains application of heat treatment for different structural components Discusses heat treatment defects and detection Emphasizes heat treatment of special steels and in-situ heat treatment practices

Rotary Drum: Fluid Dynamics, Dimensioning Criteria, and Industrial Applications provides in-depth analysis of fluid dynamics in rotary drums. In addition, it provides analysis on the different configurations, including nonconventional ones, diverse industrial applications, and comparison with competing dryer types, as well as the modeling of these devices. Covering important aspects of fluid dynamics in rotary drums, which directly influence the drying performance, the book also considers the significant cost of conventional rotary dryers. It takes into account the scale-up of rotary dryers and the control of product quality during processing, which can leave the final product overdried and overheated, wasting thermal energy. The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of drying technology.

Among all aspects of engineering, design is the most important step in developing a new product. A systematic approach to managing design issues can only be accomplished by applying mathematical optimization methods. Furthermore, due to the practical issues in engineering problems, there are limitations in using traditional methods. As such, stochastic optimization methods such as differential evolution, simulated annealing, and genetic algorithms are preferable in finding solutions in design optimization problems. This book reviews mechanical engineering design optimization using stochastic methods. It introduces students and design engineers to practical aspects of complicated mathematical optimization procedures, and outlines steps for wide range of selected engineering design problems. It shows how engineering structures are systematically designed. Many new engineering design applications based on stochastic optimization techniques in automotive, energy, military, naval, manufacturing process and fluids-heat transfer, are described in the book. For each design optimization problem described, background is provided for understanding the solutions. There are very few books on optimization that include engineering applications. They cover limited applications, and that too of well-known design problems of advanced and niche nature. Common problems are hardly addressed. Thus, the subject has remained fairly theoretical. To overcome this, each chapter in this book is contributed by at least one academic and one industrial expert researcher.

This book deals with certain aspects of material science, particularly with the release of thermal energy associated with bond breaking. It clearly establishes the connection between heat transfer rates and product quality. The editors then sharply draw the thermal distinctions between the various categories of welding processes, and demonstrate how these distinctions are translated into simulation model uniqueness. The book discusses the incorporation of radiative heat transfer processes into the simulation model.

Equipping practicing engineers and students with the tools to independently assess and understand complex material on the topic, this text is an ideal precursor to advanced heat transfer courses. Intermediate Heat Transfer discusses numerical analysis in conduction and convection, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, conduction through a slab from one fluid to another fluid, steady-state heat conduction in a two-dimensional fin, and truncation and round-off errors in finite difference method. Replete with sample problems to clarify concepts, this is an indispensable resource for professionals and seniors and first-year graduate students pursuing tracks in mechanical, aerospace, nuclear, and chemical engineering.

Extended Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics provides powerful tools departing not from empirical or statistical considerations but from fundamental thermodynamic laws, proposing final solutions that are readily usable and recognizable for students, researchers and industry. The book deals with methods that allow combining easily the present theory with other fields of science, such as fluid and solid mechanics, heat and mass transfer processes, electricity and thermoelectricity, and so on. Not only are such combinations facilitated, but they are incorporated into the developments in such a way that they become part of the theory. This book aims at providing for a systematic presentation of Extended Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics in nanosystems with a high degree of applicability. Furthermore, the book deals with how physical properties of systems behave as a function of their size. Moreover, it provides for a systematic approach to understand the behavior of thermal, electrical, thermoelectric, photovoltaic and nanofluid properties in nanosystems. Experimental results are used to validate the theory, the comparison is analysed, justified and discussed, and the theory is then again used to understand better experimental observations. The new developments in this book, being recognizable in relation with familiar concepts, should make it appealing for academics and researchers to teach and apply and graduate students to use. The text in this book is intended to bring attention to how the theory can be applied to real-life applications in nanoscaled environments. Case studies, and applications of theories, are explored including thereby nanoporous systems, solar panels, nanomedicine drug permeation and properties of nanoporous scaffolds. Explores new generalized thermodynamic models Provides introductory context of Extended Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics within classical thermodynamics, theoretical fundamentals and several applications in nanosystems Provides for a systematic approach to understand the behavior of thermal, electric, thermoelectric and viscous properties as a function of several parameters in nanosystems Includes reflections to encourage the reader to think further and put the information into context Examines future developments of new constitutive equations and theories and places them in the framework of real-life applications in the energetic and medical sectors, such as photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices, nanoporous media, drug delivery and scaffolds

Essentials & Applications of Food Engineering provides a comprehensive understanding of food engineering operations and their practical and industrial utility. It presents pertinent case studies, solved numerical problems, and multiple choice questions in each chapter and serves as a ready reference for classroom teaching and exam preparations. The first part of this textbook contains the introductory topics on units and dimensions, material balance, energy balance, and fluid flow. The second part deals with the theory and applications of heat and mass transfer, psychrometry, and reaction kinetics. The subsequent chapters of the book present the heat and mass transfer operations such as evaporation, drying, refrigeration, freezing, mixing, and separation. The final section focuses on the thermal, non-thermal, and nanotechnology-based novel food processing techniques, 3D food printing, active and intelligent food packaging, and fundamentals of CFD modeling. Features Features 28 case studies to provide a substantial understanding of the practical and industrial applications of various food engineering operations Includes 178 solved numerical problems and 285 multiple choice questions Highlights the application of mass balance in food product traceability and the importance of viscosity measurement in a variety of food products Provides updated information on novel food processing techniques such as cold plasma, 3D food printing, nanospray drying, electrospraying, and electrospinning The textbook is designed for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing Food Technology and Food Process Engineering courses. This book would also be of interest to course instructors and food industry professionals.

Statistical Inference via Data Science: A ModernDive into R and the Tidyverse provides a pathway for learning about statistical inference using data science tools widely used in industry, academia, and government. It introduces the tidyverse suite of R packages, including the ggplot2 package for data visualization, and the dplyr package for data wrangling. After equipping readers with just enough of these data science tools to perform effective exploratory data analyses, the book covers traditional introductory statistics topics like confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and multiple regression modeling, while focusing on visualization throughout. Features: Assumes minimal prerequisites, notably, no prior calculus nor coding experience Motivates theory using real-world data, including all domestic flights leaving New York City in 2013, the Gapminder project, and the data journalism website, FiveThirtyEight.com Centers on simulation-based approaches to statistical inference rather than mathematical formulas Uses the infer package for "tidy" and transparent statistical inference to construct confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests via the bootstrap and permutation methods Provides all code and output embedded directly in the text; also available in the online version at moderndive.com This book is intended for individuals who would like to simultaneously start developing their data science toolbox and start learning about the inferential and modeling tools used in much of modern-day research. The book can be used in methods and data science courses and first courses in statistics, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.

Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low-Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation provides theoretical and experimental background on heat transfer intensification in modern heat exchangers. Emphasizing applications in complex heat recovery systems for the process industries, this book: Covers various issues related to low-grade heat, including waste heat from industry and buildings, storage and transport of thermal energy, and heat transfer equipment requirements Explains the basic principles, terminology, and heat transfer aspects of compactness, as well as the concept of intensified heat area targets at process integration Pays special attention to the mitigation of fouling in heat exchangers and their systems, describing fouling deposition and threshold fouling mechanisms Delivers a thoughtful analysis of the economics of implementation, considering energy-capital trade-off, capital cost estimation, and energy prices Presents illustrative case studies of specific applications in food and chemical production plants Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low-Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation not only highlights key developments in compact heat exchangers, but also instills a practical knowledge of the latest process integration and heat transfer enhancement methodologies.

This volume is dedicated to a very special person, Professor Gad Hetsroni (1934-2015). His towering figure was familiar to researchers in heat transfer and multiphase flow all over the world. He was the founding Editor of the International Journal of Multiphase Flow and the person who defined and promoted the discipline around the journal. The unique community formed in this field during his lifetime gathers every three years for a major conference, the International Conference on Multiphase Flow, that most recent was held in May 2016 in Florence, Italy. This was the first time ever Gad did not attend ICMF. Friends and colleagues from many countries came to Florence to present their personal tributes and scientific papers honoring Gad. Reviewed and edited tributes and scientific papers dedicated to Gad from these memorial sessions comprise the core content of this memorial volume; certain persons who could not participate in the ICMF made later contributions.

This practical book provides instruction on how to conduct several "hands-on" experiments for laboratory demonstration in the teaching of heat transfer and fluid dynamics. It is an ideal resource for chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and engineering technology professors and instructors starting a new laboratory or in need of cost-effective and easy to replicate demonstrations. The book details the equipment required to perform each experiment (much of which is made up of materials readily available is most laboratories), along with the required experimental protocol and safety precautions. Background theory is presented for each experiment, as well as sample data collected by students, and a complete analysis and treatment of the data using correlations from the literature.

Combined Heat and Power Generation is a concise, up-to-date and accessible guide to the combined delivery of heat and power to anything, from a single home to a municipal power plant. Breeze discusses the historical background for CHP and why it is set to be a key emission control strategy for the 21st Century. Various technologies such as piston engines, gas turbines and fuel cells are discussed. Economic and environmental factors also are considered and analyzed, making this a very valuable resource for those involved with the research, design, implementation and management of the provision of heat and power.

High-Temperature Thermal Storage Systems Using Phase Change Materials offers an overview of several high-temperature phase change material (PCM) thermal storage systems concepts, developed by several well-known global institutions with increasing interest in high temperature PCM applications such as solar cooling, waste heat and concentrated solar power (CSP). The book is uniquely arranged by concepts rather than categories, and includes advanced topics such as thermal storage material packaging, arrangement of flow bed, analysis of flow and heat transfer in the flow bed, energy storage analysis, storage volume sizing and applications in different temperature ranges. By comparing the varying approaches and results of different research centers and offering state-of-the-art concepts, the authors share new and advanced knowledge from researchers all over the world. This reference will be useful for researchers and academia interested in the concepts and applications and different techniques involved in high temperature PCM thermal storage systems.

Advances in Heat Transfer, Volume 49 provides in-depth review articles from a broader scope than in traditional journals or texts. Topics covered in this new volume include Heat Transfer in Rotating Cooling Channel, Flow Boiling and Flow Condensation in Reduced Gravity, Advances in Gas Turbine Cooling, and Advanced Heat Transfer Topics in Complex Duct Flows. While the articles in this series will be of great interest to mechanical, chemical and industrial engineers working in the field of heat transfer, the book is also ideal for those in graduate schools or industry, and even non-specialists interested in the latest research.

Nonlinear Heat Transfer: Mathematical Modeling and Analytical Methods addresses recent progress and original research in nonlinear science and its application in the area of heat transfer, with a particular focus on the most important advances and challenging applications. The importance of understanding analytical methods for solving linear and nonlinear constitutive equations is essential in studying engineering problems. This book provides a comprehensive range of (partial) differential equations, applied in the field of heat transfer, tackling a comprehensive range of nonlinear mathematical problems in heat radiation, heat conduction, heat convection, heat diffusion and non-Newtonian fluid systems. Providing various innovative analytical techniques and their practical application in nonlinear engineering problems is the unique point of this book. Drawing a balance between theory and practice, the different chapters of the book focus not only on the broader linear and nonlinear problems, but also applied examples of practical solutions by the outlined methodologies.

Thermal Energy Storage Analyses and Designs considers the significance of thermal energy storage systems over other systems designed to handle large quantities of energy, comparing storage technologies and emphasizing the importance, advantages, practicalities, and operation of thermal energy storage for large quantities of energy production. Including chapters on thermal storage system configuration, operation, and delivery processes, in particular the flow distribution, flow arrangement, and control for the thermal charge and discharge processes for single or multiple thermal storage containers, the book is a useful reference for engineers who design, install, or maintain storage systems.

Thermal Hydraulics of Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors reviews flow and heat transfer phenomena in nuclear systems and examines the critical contribution of this analysis to nuclear technology development. With a strong focus on system thermal hydraulics (SYS TH), the book provides a detailed, yet approachable, presentation of current approaches to reactor thermal hydraulic analysis, also considering the importance of this discipline for the design and operation of safe and efficient water-cooled and moderated reactors. Part One presents the background to nuclear thermal hydraulics, starting with a historical perspective, defining key terms, and considering thermal hydraulics requirements in nuclear technology. Part Two addresses the principles of thermodynamics and relevant target phenomena in nuclear systems. Next, the book focuses on nuclear thermal hydraulics modeling, covering the key areas of heat transfer and pressure drops, then moving on to an introduction to SYS TH and computational fluid dynamics codes. The final part of the book reviews the application of thermal hydraulics in nuclear technology, with chapters on V&V and uncertainty in SYS TH codes, the BEPU approach, and applications to new reactor design, plant lifetime extension, and accident analysis. This book is a valuable resource for academics, graduate students, and professionals studying the thermal hydraulic analysis of nuclear power plants and using SYS TH to demonstrate their safety and acceptability.

DISTRICT COOLING: THEORY and PRACTICE provides a unique study of an energy cogeneration system, set up to bring chilled water to buildings (offices, apartment houses, and factories) needing cooling for air conditioning and refrigeration. In winter, the source for the cooling can often be sea water, so it is a cheaper resource than using electricity to run compressors for cooling. The related technology of District Heating has been an established engineering practice for many years, but District Cooling is a relatively new technology now being implemented in various parts of the world, including the USA, Arab Emirates and Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia. Existing books in the area are scarce, and do not address many of the crucial issues facing nations with high overall air temperatures, many of which are developing District Cooling plans using sea water. DISTRICT COOLING: THEORY & PRACTICE integrates the theory behind district cooling planning with the practical engineering approaches, so it can serve the policy makers, engineers, and planners whose efforts have to be coordinated and closely managed to make such systems effective and affordable. In times of rising worldwide temperatures, District Cooling is a way to provide needed cooling with energy conservation and sustainability. This book will be the most up-to-date and comprehensive study on the subject, with Case Studies describing real projects in detail.

Developed in partnership between Skills2Learn and Cengage Learning, this highly interactive workbook can be used as a resource tool for all introductory renewable energy vocational qualifications and apprenticeships. This unique workbook is designed to consolidate learners' theoretical knowledge prior to undertaking practical workshop exercises. Heat Pumps provides learners with a thorough insight into renewable energies including the different types of heat and electricity producing technologies, the selection process, incentives and government policies. Part of the Renewable Energy Series, this unique write-in workbook can also be used alongside the Skills2Learn Heat Pumps virtual reality e-learning programme making this a first-of-its-kind, fully integrated blended learning solution.

Microscale and Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Analysis, Design, and Applications features contributions from prominent researchers in the field of micro- and nanoscale heat transfer and associated technologies and offers a complete understanding of thermal transport in nano-materials and devices. Nanofluids can be used as working fluids in thermal systems; the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids can be increased by adding nanoparticles in fluids. This book provides details of experimental and theoretical investigations made on nanofluids for use in the biomechanical and aerospace industries. It examines the use of nanofluids in improving heat transfer rates, covers the numerical approaches for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of nanofluids, and reviews the experimental results of commonly used nanofluids dispersed in both spherical and nonspherical nanoparticles. It also focuses on current and developing applications of microscale and nanoscale convective heat transfer. In addition, the book covers a wide range of analysis that includes: Solid-liquid interface phonon transfer at the molecular level The validity of the continuum hypothesis and Fourier law in nanochannels Conventional methods of using molecular dynamics (MD) for heat transport problems The molecular dynamics approach to calculate interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) A review of experimental results in the field of heat pipes and two-phase flows in thermosyphons Microscale convective heat transfer with gaseous flow in ducts The application of the lattice Boltzmann method for thermal microflows A numerical method for resolving the problem of subcooled convective boiling flows in microchannel heat sinks Two-phase boiling flow and condensation heat transfer in mini/micro channels, and more Microscale and Nanoscale Heat Transfer: Analysis, Design, and Applications addresses the need for thermal packaging and management for use in cooling electronics and serves as a resource for researchers, academicians, engineers, and other professionals working in the area of heat transfer, microscale and nanoscale science and engineering, and related industries.