Cross border business transactions have become increasingly important due to new norms of doing business. Cross border business has led to the emergence of multiply business opportunities and challenges to various stakeholders. Such global reality cannot simply be ignored, thus business entities that operate across national borders need to fully employ global strategies in order to compete and survive in the dynamic global environment. In fact, businesses need to have a wider world view when conducting business across border. The future growth of global businesses depends on many crucial aspects such as the managing and recruiting global workforces, developing effective international marketing strategies, coordinating global supply chains and operations, introducing innovative sales tactics, utilizing information technology, and many others. This book captures the multi-faceted outlook on international business phenomena particularly when cross border businesses were severely affected due to the recent limitations on business operations, dwindling demands, and bankruptcy caused by the worldwide pandemic. This book brings the perspectives of the communities, consumers, employees, businesses, producers and many other stakeholders regardless of their home country. The investigation will include insights from both developed and developing countries. From here on, there are new economic, socio-cultural, health-related, well-being and many more challenges which have emerged when operating under the new norms. This book provides comprehensive broad coverage with depth within the areas mentioned.

International trade is a key dimension of the world economy, it is a critical factor in raising living standards, increasing employment, and providing a larger variety of goods to consumers around the world. Despite the strong focus that international trade research has received in theoretical terms, the empirical aspects of trade are less clear and justify further research. In this context, it is essential for studies to focus on shedding light on the most important methods used to evaluate the multiple dimensions of trade within this international context. Trade has a myriad of direct and indirect effects, therefore touching several fields of research, including economics, management, finance, international relations, political science, and sociology, which makes it essential to explore. The Handbook of Research on the Empirical Aspects of Strategic Trade Negotiations and Management provides a systematic overview of the latest trends in the empirical analysis of trade from international perspectives. It provides a survey on the methods used to evaluate a specific topic in international trade, enhance knowledge about the multiple facets of international trade around the world, and grant in-depth surveys of previous empirical findings on specific topics in international trade. Important topics covered within this book include trade diversification, regional centrality, ethical pricing, globalization, cultural impacts, and open economies. This book is a valuable reference tool for government officials, policy makers, managers, executives, economists, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students.

Over the past few decades, alliance and networks have been generally examined individually. This Handbook sheds new light on this research by combining the two topics and focuses on highlighting their similarities. The expert contributors discuss topics surrounding the state-of-the-art in alliance and network research such as organizing opportunities in international entrepreneurship; transaction costs in alliances and joint ventures; diaspora networks; and national culture and international alliances. They go on to look at conceptual developments relating to born globals; subsidiary performance; internationalisation; and knowledge transfer and organisational learning. Finally, they present empirical evidence of international alliances and networks. They combine diverse types of studies including literature reviews, conceptual papers and empirical studies in order to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Researchers with an interest in joint ventures and alliance and networks, along with students and academics of international business will find this book to be a valuable resource. Contributors: S. Andersson, U. Andersson, A. Arslan, G.B. Awuah, P Ekman, M. Elo, C. Erixon, N. Evers, P.N. Ghauri, M. Hilmersson, M. Hsia-Wen Ho, M. Johanson, V. Kaartemo, J. Larimo, C. Lopez-Duarte, H. Lundberg, T. Mainela, H. Makkonen, M. Marinov, S.T. Marinova, L.-G. Mattsson, H. Merchant, K.E. Meyer, N. Mirc, N. Nummela, R. Olkkonen, U.F. Ott, S. Papaioannou, E. Pernu, V. Puhakka, P.A. Ryan, S. Saarenketo, A. Salmi, P. Servais, A. Smith, A. Thyr, L. Torkkeli, P. Very, M.M. Vidal-Suarez, Y. Wang

Artificial intelligence (AI) describes machines/computers that mimic cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem solving. As businesses have evolved to include more automation of processes, it has become more vital to understand AI and its various applications. Additionally, it is important for workers in the marketing industry to understand how to coincide with and utilize these techniques to enhance and make their work more efficient. The Handbook of Research on Applied AI for International Business and Marketing Applications is a critical scholarly publication that provides comprehensive research on artificial intelligence applications within the context of international business. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as diversification, risk management, and artificial intelligence, this book is ideal for marketers, business professionals, academicians, practitioners, researchers, and students.

Islamic economics and finance has recently enjoyed a spike in interest and a rise in status from theology-tinged discussion fodder for Muslim intellectuals to a fully fledged academic discipline knocking on the doors of university social science departments. The Handbook of Empirical Research on Islam and Economic Life provides a solid background and overview of current empirical research, evaluating how well Islamic institutions have performed in pursuing their objectives. With contributions from leading scholars, this unique Handbook provides chapters examining a range of phenomena in Islamic finance, focusing on five main research areas: religion and growth, Islamic social finance, Islamic banking and finance, Islamic capital market and Sukuk (Islamic bonds). This selection of research literature provides: - a socio-economic profile of Muslim countries - an outline of Islamic systems of accounting and governance - an analysis of the religion-development link - a consideration of the role of the state under Islam. Scholars of finance and Islam in Muslim and in Western universities, students in graduate and post-graduate courses in Islamic studies, and Islamic research institutes and libraries in Western, Middle Eastern and Asian universities will all find great value in this vital resource and its exploration of a compelling approach to finance. Contributors include: A.U.F. Ahmad, M.S. Akhtar, E. Aksak, M.A.M. Al JanabiIhsan Isik, N. Alam, F. Alqahtani, S.O. Alhabshi, C. Aloui, S.B. Anceaur, D. Ashraf, M. Asutay, A.F. Aysan, O. Bacha, A. Barajas, M. Bekri, C. De Anca, G. Dewandaru, M. Disli, A.O. El Aloui, M. Farooq, K. Gazdar, R. Grassa, H.B. Hamida, M.K. Hassan, R. Hayat, C.M. Henry, J. Howe, M.H. Ibrahim, M. Jahrom, K. Jouaber-Snoussi, F. Kamarudin, M. Khawaja, H. Khan, K. Khan, O. Krasicka, M.T. Majeed, N.A.K. Malim, M. Masih, A. Massara, D.G. Mayes, A.K.M. Meera, M. Mehri, C. Mertzanis, H.S. Min, M.A. Mobin, Y.A. Nainggolan, M. Naseri, A.M. Nassir, A. Ng, S. Nowak, M.S. Nurzaman, M. Omran, H. Ozturk, M. Rashid, M.E.S.M. Rashid, R.M. Shafi, A. Shah, N.S. Shirazi, F. Sufian, G.M.W. Ullah, P. Verhoeven, L. Weill, S. Zaheer, S.R.S.M. Zain, A. Zarka

The globalized world has witnessed the development of a number of economic integration projects, including at least two Eurasian projects: the Eurasian Union and the Belt and Road Initiative. These initiatives blur the European Union Global Strategy adjusted in 2016 to be an attempt to reconsider and enhance the role and place of the European Union as the leader in the global arena. These initiatives must be studied and considered further to understand the numerous benefits, opportunities, and challenges they face. Regional Economic Integration and Global Competition in the Post-COVID-19 Era: European Union, Eurasian Economic Union, and the Belt and Road Initiative provides insight into the reasons and consequences of the discrepancy in the legal restrictions, institutional policies, and mutual skepticism on the economic integration progress. The text is also useful in defining and promoting a regional strategy of economic integration and the creation of mutual trust. Covering a range of topics such as international trade, environmental risk management, and globalization, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, government officials, strategic decision makers, practitioners, researchers, scholars, academicians, instructors, and students.

Global and transnational challenges figure ever more prominently on national and international policy agendas and are increasingly analysed as global public goods (GPGs). This timely collection, which includes contributions by eminent scholars from a wide range of academic disciplines, provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the theoretical and empirical research on this topic, and suggestions on where scholarship could go next. With an original introduction, this single volume will appeal to students, researchers, policymakers and experts, whether they are interested in a particular challenge like global climate change, cyber security, financial stability and health or in cross-cutting issues of public economics and finance, international relations and international law.

'Already an accomplished scholar Shen Wei offers a masterly study of the Chinese shadow banking sector in context. The book constitutes a thorough analysis of the nature of the Chinese shadow banking sector and of the political events, economic rationales and institutions that have shaped it. Beyond offering expert legal analysis this book is also very rich on information and research about the institutional and economic necessities that have shaped the Chinese financial system in its present form and gave rise to a mighty shadow banking sector. The book is very well organized and competently drafted, thus, it is easily accessible to both the expert and non-expert reader. I have no doubt that this is bound to become the standard reference work for everybody wishing to study the nature of the Chinese shadow banking sector and of the institutions underpinning it in context.' - Emilios Avgouleas, University of Edinburgh, UK 'Shadow Banking in China: Risk, Regulation and Policy by Professor Shen Wei is a timely book, presenting readers with a comprehensive and coherent conceptualization of shadow banking in China. It systematically defines shadow banking, describes how the different types of shadow banking subsectors -- including wealth management products, peer-to-peer lending, local government financing vehicles, and underground lending -- are growing, and examines how Chinese regulators are responding. It also explains the risk-taking, economics, and behavioral aspects of each of these subsectors, revealing the endogenous market forces driving their expansion and describing how shadow banking is innovatively helping to channel funding to the cash-starved private sector and real economy.' - from the Foreword by Steven L. Schwarcz, Duke University, School of Law In light of the current regulatory regime in China's banking sector, this book investigates the causes, key forms, potential risks and regulation of shadow banking in China. The first China-specific book of its kind, the author takes policy considerations into account whilst providing an analysis of the regulatory instruments tackling the systematic risks in its banking as well as shadow banking sectors. Key shadow banking subsectors discussed include P2P lending, wealth management products, local government debts, and the underground lending market. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in the legal field, as well as those from other disciplines including social science, business, and finance. It will also be of use to lawyers, policymakers and regulators looking for practical solutions in tackling the issues facing a rising shadow banking sector today.

This hands-on guide teaches executives of small and medium-size U.S. companies how to establish and maintain profitable business in Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Unlike the "old" Latin America, today's Latin America is both readily accessible to smaller North American companies and is being transformed into a bustling business environment. However, for those without a native, in-depth understanding of the emerging changes within today's Latin American marketplace and a grasp of the cultural implications at hand, doing business in Latin America can still be challenging for smaller U.S. exporters and importers. Doing Business in the New Latin America: Keys to Profit in America's Next-Door Markets, Second Edition serves as an insider's travel guide and trader's manual for understanding the region's market environment and best export sales opportunities in each of its countries. It lays the groundwork for finding and developing ideal prospects while avoiding pitfalls and foreigners' faux pas. Part I familiarizes readers with Latin America in general, profiling its nations from a business perspective; Part II explains how Latin American business attitudes developed from a historical perspective. The third section of the text focuses on the all-important art of making—and keeping—the deal.

`Peter van Bergeijk has written a fascinating book on the recent trade collapse, that in size can only be compared to the (trade) crises of the 1930s. There are at least two reasons to read the book. The first is to get a better understanding why the world has witnessed a dramatic decline of international trade. Peter van Bergeijk systematically analyzes the standard explanations that are given for this collapse, for example those put forward by the WTO, and concludes that most are wrong or unconvincing, and provides his own thought provoking explanation: risk and uncertainty. The second reason to read the book is that it provides all those interested in international trade with a clear and interesting introduction to understand the world of international trade and learn a great deal along the way, and not only about the recent trade collapse.' - Steven Brakman, University of Groningen, The Netherlands On the Brink of Deglobalization addresses the breakdown of international trade and capital flows in 2008/09 and challenges the mainstream narrative for the world trade collapse. Detailed chapters on international finance, fragmentation of production, protectionism and earlier episodes of collapsing trade reveal data that contradicts conventional explanations and demonstrates that the trade collapse was driven by the shock of (perceived) trade uncertainty. Peter van Bergeijk discusses why trade barriers and import substitution are seen as solutions during depressions while presenting empirical evidence demonstrating the risks of such policies. This book provides a broad, historical and statistical analysis relevant to understanding the recent world trade collapse. Being the first comprehensive analysis of the risks and drivers of deglobalization, this unique and challenging book will appeal to trade economists, trade policymakers and analysts as well as those involved in international business.

Providing insights on the products of a unique period for academic research in international economics, this review is an important piece of literature for a vital area of study. Highlighting main issues such as welfare gains and losses, trade patterns and international transaction interventions, the author provides a timely and comprehensive research review on the heavily debated topic of international trade and investment.