The book reveals, for the first time, the origins, growth and complex role of the OECD as it celebrates its fiftieth anniversary, showing how it has adapted - for the most part successfully - to the changing needs of its members, both large and small. Peter Carroll and Aynsley Kellow provide a comprehensive account and analysis of the origins, development and, most intriguingly, the recent reforms that characterise the OECD. They argue that this increasingly complex organisation has fulfilled its design to be an adaptive, learning organisation and explore how the OECD has spread its wings beyond its European and North American roots to become an increasingly influential body in global governance. Topical chapters include the OECD's work on health and the environment, relations with international, intergovernmental organisations, the OECD's structure and also the key processes. This fascinating book will be warmly welcomed by academics, researchers and postgraduate students in a wide range of fields including international relations, international business, political science, public policy and public administration. Public servants in national departments and agencies - particularly those with significant international activities - will also find the book to be of great interest, as will professionals within international organisations such as IMF, World Bank, EU, UN and (of course) the OECD itself.

In this book, the author presents fresh perspectives on the theories surrounding European Monetary Union. Urging the reader to examine conventional ideas from new viewpoints, he discusses the events which led to EMU, analyses the current situation, and projects possible futures.
Essential reading for academics and professionals concerned with the background and implications of EMU, this book will also be of considerable interest to scholars in the fields of European studies, monetary economics, international economics and economic history.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203165926

Despite the Doha declaration of November 2001, the failure to start a new round of global trade negotiations at Seattle in December 1999 and the hostility of protesters to the trade liberalization process and growing global economic and social disparities was a wake-up call for the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The ambitious goal of this ground-breaking book is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of liberalized world trade, in particular in the agricultural sector, and to investigate to what extent the current WTO agreements provide the necessary fail-safe devices to react to trade-related negative impacts on sustainability, environmental protection and food security. The background and interrelationship between the WTO, the tenets of sustainable development and the unique features of the agriculture and forestry sectors are explored, and conclusions regarding the deficits of the world trade system and its conflicts with basic societal goals - such as sustainability - are drawn. Agriculture and forestry have a particular affinity with what the authors call "strong sustainability" and are to be among the major agenda items in forthcoming WTO negotiations. The book proposes that sustainable agricultural production techniques such as integrated and organic farming provide a series of related services to community and environment which could be severely prejudiced by wholesale trade liberalization and the imposition of the large-scale production methods of the mega-trade giants of the USA and Europe. And yet the concept of sustainability is referred to only tangentially in the existing WTO agenda. The WTO, Agriculture and Sustainable Development argues that, without a formal recognition of this failing, the premise that free trade is inherently advantageous for all countries is a falsehood. Further, unfettered liberalization is unsustainable and a social and environmental multilateral framework must be agreed to reinterpret or adapt a host of WTO regulations that are at odds with sustainable development. The core problem is that, under the current system, import duties can only be differentiated by direct goods and services and not by their means of production - sustainable or otherwise. Therefore, a range of environmental policy measures in the agricultural sector, such as the consideration of product life-cycles, the internalization of external costs and a coupling of trade liberalization with ecological obligations are proposed by the authors. In addition, they argue that unsustainable economic short-termism must be curbed and the use of the stick of trade sanctions and the carrot of financial benefits for good environmental performance be permitted to promote sustainable agricultural practices. This book will contribute greatly in addressing the lack of basic theoretical arguments at the intersection between trade and sustainable development - a failing that has already been bemoaned by trade policy-makers. It is highly recommended reading for all those involved or interested in the WTO negotiations, whether from multilateral organizations, governments, industry or civil society.

Considers the politics of economic policy-making in Indonesia in a range of sectors including the capital market, intellectual property law, the banking industry, and the trade and investment sectors.

Science, technology and innovation have long been key factors in the competitive advantage of nations. Today, however, the new international political economy is being increasingly driven by science and technology in new ways. Integration, globalization and internationalization have all become watchwords for a series of dynamic processes in which science and technology are deeply implicated. As a result, not only are the policies of "national" governments being exposed in terms of the limits of their sovereignty, but science and technology are being increasingly implicated in a wide array of public issues - ranging from security, privacy, development and economic growth to employment, environment, foreign policy and geopolitics. Clearly, in today's emerging world, the ways in which governments organize their science and technology policy, their science and technology intelligence, and their research advisory structures and resources matter more today than ever before. In turn, the contract between science and democracy is being rapidly redefined. This book is the first to comprehensively discuss these critical issues.

This book analyses Europe's COVID-19 response provided by governments and societies, to assess its influence on the economy from both a short- and long-term perspective. The authors argue that there are three key factors that determine how successful a given country is. The first is the determination and effectiveness of the government. The second is the capacity of states and their healthcare systems in times of crisis. The third is society's willingness to adhere to emergency measures and to cooperate with authorities. The book examines the government policy of EU states during the pandemic; studies the behaviour of EU societies; reveals the influence of the pandemic crisis on the economy of EU states and formulates a successful strategy to counteract the challenges wrought by the pandemic. The book will appeal to scholars and researchers engaged in the fields of economic and political science, global studies and international relations. Furthermore, it will also be addressed to policy makers of European States as it contains a complex analysis of their policy responses and the corresponding impact on European economy and society.

In today's global economy, NAFTA continues to present unprecedented opportunities for companies in cross-border commerce. 'Uniting North American Business: NAFTA Best Practices' focuses on best business practices and lessons learned in the years since the NAFTA agreement was first signed, and their impact on both the economy and society. 'Uniting North American Business' provides you with the skills and competencies necessary to become more effective business managers and citizens in NAFTA countries by considering: * What is the scope of the NAFTA agreement itself?* What are some of the positive benefits of NAFTA?* What is really causing job loss attributed to NAFTA?* What should we know about Canada, the United States, and Mexico to better understand the culture and management philosophies of our partners?* What will society look like if current trends continue?

Most economic activity involves cross-border transactions at some point in the supply chain. The volumes reprinted here offer a wide range of perspectives on one of the most important areas of economics.

Series Information:
Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics

Series Information:
Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics

Series Information:
Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics

Series Information:
Harwood Fundamentals of Pure & Applied Economics

Higher education has entered center-stage in the context of the knowledge economy and has been deployed in the search for economic competitiveness and social development. Against this backdrop, this highly illuminating Handbook explores worldwide convergences and divergences in national higher education systems resulting from increased global co-operation and competition. The expert contributors reveal the strategies, practices and governance mechanisms developed by international and regional organizations, national governments and by higher education institutions themselves. They analyze local responses to dominant global templates of higher education and the consequences for knowledge generation, social equity, economic development and the public good. This comprehensive and accessible Handbook will prove an invaluable reference tool for researchers, academics and students with an interest in higher education from economics, international studies and public policy perspectives, as well as for higher education policy makers, and funding and governance bodies. Contributors include: P. Brown, V. Carpentier, Q. Chen, D.D. Dill, J. Enders, E. Hazelkorn, G.A. Jones, S.G. Kamat, T. Kim, R. King, H. Lauder, Y. Lebeau, M. Li, A. Maldonado-Maldonado, S. Marginson, K.H. Mok, M. Mollis, C. Musselin, R. Naidoo, M. Olssen, M.A. Peters, E. Sall, M. Singh, W.G. Tierney, E. Unterhalter, J. Valimaa, M. van der Wende, J. Weinrib, D. Westerheijden, C. Ziguras

This book provides a careful account of the leading propositions about the welfare gains associated with international trade and investment under differing institutional arrangements and policy choices.

Globalization and increasing international trade are becoming a fact of life, bringing increasing tensions and conflicts over their impacts on societies, livelihoods and the environment. The impacts are felt in industrialized countries but are often most harsh in developing economies. The growing debate involves not only professional economists and lawyers, but a broad range of academic disciplines as well as civil society and citizens' groups around the world. This text presents the most important contributions to the debate, and to the understanding of how sustainable international trade could be achieved. It should provide a useful sourcebook and guide to academics, practitioners and activists involved with these issues.

This book is about accounting in an alternative libertarian socialist economic system. It explores what information and transactions we need to enable democratic and effective financial decisions by those affected by the decisions. Based on the economic model, participatory economics, the author proposes a set of accounting principles for an economy comprised of common ownership of productive resources, worker and consumer councils, and democratic planning, promoting the model's core values. The author tackles questions such as how accounting could be organised in an economy with no private equity owners or private lenders and creditors that is not based on greed and competition but instead on cooperation and solidarity. A large part of the book is focused on issues regarding investments; thus, he asks how and on what basis decisions are made about the allocation of an economy's production between consumption today and investments that enable more consumption in the future, and how investments are accounted for. He also considers how investments in capital assets and production facilities would be decided, financed, and valued if they are not owned by private capital owners and if allocation does not take place through markets but through a form of democratic planning. In answering these questions and more, the author demonstrates that alternative economic systems are indeed possible, and not merely lofty utopias that cannot be put into practice, and inspires further discussion about economic vision. By applying accounting to a new economic setting and offering both technical information and the author's bold vision, this book is a comprehensive and valuable supplementary text for courses touching on critical accounting theory. It will also appeal to readers interested in alternative kinds of economies.

Contents:
Introduction Morten Balling
1. In search of anchors for financial and monetary stability Andrew Crockett
2. Banking consolidation in Europe Jacques de Larosière
3. Monetary policy and financial stability in a dynamic world Klaus Liebscher
4. A new capital adequacy framework for Europe Claes Norgren
5. Is a Euroland banking system already emerging? Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
6. Fiscal discipline and exchange rate regimes: A case for currency boards? Enrique Alberola and Luis Molina
7. Country risk analysis in the light of emerging market crisis Josef Christl and Thomas Spanel
8. Foreign and domestic bank participation in emerging markets: Lessons from Mexico and Argentina B. Gerard Dages, Linda Goldberg and Daniel Kinney
9. Financial stability in the euro area - some lessons from US financial history E. Philip Davis
10. Strategies developed by Spanish banks for adapting to financial globalisation: Mergers, acquisitions and other strategies Ignacio Fuentes and Teresa Sastre
11. Globalisation and Payment Intermediation Hans Geiger
12. A theoretical model of consumer behaviour in the financial services industry Barry Howcroft
13. Inflation, monetary transparency, and G3 exchange volatility Kenneth N. Kuttner and Adam S. Posen
14. Challenges to the structure of financial supervision in the EU Karel Lannoo
15. Financial industry mergers and acquisitions: Evaluating the strategies of diversification or concentration Gary Santry
16. Impact of globalisation on efficiency in the European banking industry: What can we learn from the cost to income ratio? Peter Van Dijcke

Learn the ins and outs of the export-import business!Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures is a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of international trade theories and techniques. International trade professionals, researchers, students, and members of chambers of commerce will benefit from concepts and theories that explain international trade operations and give clearly defined goals and procedures for your business. This excellent text offers chapter summaries, references, World Wide Web addresses, and features learning aids such as figures, tables, vignettes, and other illustrations to help you compete in the global marketplace and better educate students in the field.With this informative text, you will explore trade agreements such as the GATT/WTO, NAFTA, and the European Economic Community (EEC), and how they affect trade. For example, you will read about the investment and intellectual property policies, as well as rules on government procurements, safeguards, and services of NAFTA. Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures examines export-import marketing and strategy concepts from setting up businesses to solving typical international logistics and transportation questions. Other areas you will examine include: documentation, risks, and different forms of insurance price setting in international trade export sales contracts documenting export-import trade the risks of foreign trade exchange rates and international trade methods of payment for exporting and importing goods the benefits and theories of countertrade the entry process for imports import relief to domestic industryExport-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures covers everything you need to know to start and run an export-import business. With over 100 tables and figures and a plethora of Web sites and Internet addresses to visit, this excellent text assists you in understanding the theories, practices, and procedures of exporting and importing to help you make informed and profitable business decisions.

This book provides a comprehensive account of APEC organization and examines the challenges APEC now faces at the beginning of the 21st century. Subjects covered include: the history of APEC; APEC and the new WTO round; and case studies of countries in the region including China, Japan, Malaysia, Korea and Taiwan; APEC's approach to competition and deregulation policy; and assessment of APEC's standing as an international institution. Featuring contributions from distinguished international academic experts, this book should be useful reading for all those interested in political and economic developments in the Asia Pacific.

First published in 2000. Over the past two decades, the service sector have increased dramatically and now occupy the largest share of the economy of advanced industrial societies. Certain business services are regularly cited as evidence for the emergence of a "knowledge economy". In this pioneering book, leading researchers in the fields of service industries and innovation studies investigate the reasons for the growth of the service sectors and this emergent knowledge economy. Drawing on material as diverse as macroeconomic statistics and firm-level case studies, the contributors demonstrate that services are often important innovators in their own right, as well as contributing to innovation and economic performance in their user industries. The question of how far services are special cases, and what specific processes and trajectories characterize their innovative activity is treated systematically. Additionally, a variety of original analyses and information resources are presented. This book should be of value to the student of the modern industrial society, to those seeking to forge policies appropriate to the new context of economic development, and to researchers who are confronting the challenges of the knowledge economy.

The analysis of any monetary policy framework necessarily extends beyond the confinements of the central bank. A country's monetary framework can depend on many factors such as: its form of government; its legal system; the level of expertise in monetary policy matters that exists inside and outside the central bank; the country's financial institutions; as well as wider characteristics including the political system and level of literacy. This broad ranging collection focuses on the monetary policy frameworks used by central banks and governments in their attempt to achieve their various goals, of which price stability has become increasingly unpopular. It assesses the links between targets and central bank independence, accountability and the transparency of monetary policy. Based on data collected through a questionnaire completed by over 70 central banks in industrialized, transitional and developing economies, the analysis shows how the detailed characteristics of a monetary framework depend upon: structural differences; varying degrees of indexation and other nominal rigidities that affect the speed of transmission from monetary policy to inflation; and institutional arrangem

Foreign direct investments (FDI) play an integral role in the growth story of Emerging Asian economies. As an essential source of foreign capital, FDI bolsters the path to economic recovery from recessions, including the recent one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is a collection of essays investigating the reconfiguration of FDI flows to the Emerging Asian economies of ASEAN, China and India following the pandemic and recent FDI policy reforms. This book broadly covers the trends in greenfield FDI flows to Emerging Asia in the context of three pertinent themes. Part one explores the rebalancing effects in global FDI flows after the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the experience of Emerging Asian economies. We also evaluate the nature of the pandemic's impact on existing FDI linkages between China and ASEAN. Part two delves into the implications of a cross-border policy framework such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In particular, we examine ASEAN trade activity after China's investments through BRI. We further discuss the future of BRI in ASEAN economies amidst the emergence of global competitors. Part three of the book zooms in on the effectiveness of domestic FDI policy reforms. We discuss the cases of Indonesia Special Economic Zones and the Make in India initiative. This book is written for scholars, policymakers, and industrial practitioners who wish to track more on the recent FDI dynamics of Emerging Asia.

Presenting new material and a fresh perspective, Technology, Trade and Growth in OECD Countries, provides a unifying framework for the exploration of the role played by specialisation in economic growth and international competitiveness.

In the second half of 1997 Thailand, Malaysia, Korea and Indonesia experienced a massive outflow of foreign capital - more than $100 billion. The effects of this rival the worst years of the Latin American debt crisis and the early years of the Great Depression. The Asian crisis demonstrates how interconnected the global economy has become, and this book is the first attempt, by an international group of experts, to understand the Asian financial crisis by taking into account the dynamics of private capital flows. The authors answer some of the most important questions relating to the Asian crisis, and seek to find solutions to prevent such crises occurring again, including: * what caused the crisis in Asian countries? * why did most analysts fail to anticipate the crisis? * why were the effects so severe? * what is the key to recovery in Asia and other crisis countries? * what can be done to prevent such a crisis from occurring again? * how can the international system deal with such circumstances more successfully? Private Capital Flows in the Age of Globalization will be invaluable to policymakers, investors and scholars working in the fields of money, finance and banking, Asian studies, development and international economics.