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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Zoology & animal sciences > Invertebrates
This book compiles for the first time all the current information
on the electronic monitoring of the feeding behavior of
phytophagous true bugs. It includes state-of-the-art illustrations
of feeding sites on the various plant structures, and examines how
the different feeding strategies are related to the variable
waveforms generated using the electropenetrography (EPG) technique.
Further, the book describes the mouthparts and modes of feeding and
discusses the physical and chemical damage resulting from feeding
activities. Covering in detail all EPG studies developed and
conducted using true bugs published to date, it explores the use of
electronic monitoring of feeding coupled with histological analyses
to improve strategies to control true bugs, from traditional
chemical methods to gene silencing (RNAi).
Offering an example for transnational cooperation and successful
reduction of a neglected tropical disease, this volume shows how
Chinese scientists and local physicians controlled schistosomiasis
in Zanzibar. Over a four-year study, local medical specialists and
the population of Zanzibar were taught how to diagnose the
parasitosis caused by flukes (trematode worms) of the genus
Schistosoma. Furthermore, methods to eliminate the disease and
prevent new infections were established. The developed control
system will avoid repeated increase of human schistosomiasis, which
is still prevalent in the tropics and subtropics. Rural populations
and poor communities lacking access to clean drinking water and
adequate sanitation are most affected. This book is a blueprint of
activities urgently needed to combat schistosomiasis in countries
with low medical impact. The strategies outlined are particularly
relevant to parasitologists and professionals in public health,
physicians, medical personnel and also governmental, healthcare and
pharmaceutical institutions.
It is widely acknowledged that life has adapted to its environment,
but the precise mechanism remains unknown since Natural Selection,
Descent with Modification and Survival of the Fittest are metaphors
that cannot be scientifically tested. In this unique text,
invertebrate and vertebrate biologists illuminate the effects of
physiologic stress on epigenetic responses in the process of
evolutionary adaptation from unicellular organisms to invertebrates
and vertebrates, respectively. This book offers a novel perspective
on the mechanisms underlying evolution. Capacities for morphologic
alterations and epigenetic adaptations subject to environmental
stresses are demonstrated in both unicellular and multicellular
organisms. Furthermore, the underlying cellular-molecular
mechanisms that mediate stress for adaptation will be elucidated
wherever possible. These include examples of 'reverse evolution' by
Professor Guex for Ammonites and for mammals by Professor Torday
and Dr. Miller. This provides empiric evidence that the
conventional way of thinking about evolution as unidirectional is
incorrect, leaving open the possibility that it is determined by
cell-cell interactions, not sexual selection and reproductive
strategy. Rather, the process of evolution can be productively
traced through the conservation of an identifiable set of First
Principles of Physiology that began with the unicellular form and
have been consistently maintained, as reflected by the return to
the unicellular state over the course of the life cycle.
Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas focuses on 87
known species of mosquitoes found throughout Texas. It includes
information on the ecology, medical and public health importance,
and biological diversity of each species. In addition, it provides
detailed identification keys for both larval and adult stages of
all mosquito genera and species known to occur in Texas, along a
review of surveillance and control strategies. The expansion of
invasive mosquitoes from other regions (including Mexico), together
with climate change occurrences increase the likelihood for an
increase in diseases, such as West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever,
Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. This unique work is the first unified
reference and resource rich in mosquito information for medical
entomologists, mosquito and vector control professionals, pest
management professionals, biologists, environmentalists, wildlife
professionals, government regulators, instructors of medical
entomology and public health professionals who have disease or
vector responsibilities, mosquito taxonomists, epidemiologists,
entomology students, academia, pest control industry, and
libraries, etc., with utility for medical, veterinary and health
professionals.
A BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED LOOK AT THE LIVES AND MIND-BOGGLING
BEHAVIOURS OF INSECTS How to Read an Insect takes you on an
unforgettable tour of the insect world, presenting these amazing
creatures as you have never seen them before. This stunningly
illustrated guide puts a wealth of fascinating behaviours under the
microscope - from elegant displays of courtship to brutal acts of
predation. Along the way, Ross Piper charts the evolution of
insects and reveals everything you need to know about how they
nest, feed, reproduce and defend themselves. He concludes by
discussing the impact of the human world on insects, and what we
can do to prevent their decline in numbers. * Explores the
remarkable lifestyles of exotic insects as well as those in your
own garden. * Includes highlights from a wide range of new insect
behaviour studies. * Features a wealth of breathtaking colour
photos, illustrations, and graphics.
A valuable new reference on insect behavior, this exceptional new
text delves into the primary sensory communication system used by
most insects -- their sense of smell. This important text covers
how insects produce pheromones and how they detect pheromones and
plant volatiles. Since insects rely on pheromone detection for both
feeding and breeding, a better understanding of insect olfaction
and pheromone biosynthesis could help curb the behavior of pests
without the use of harmful pesticides and even help to reduce the
socio-economic impacts associated to human-insect interactions.
* Covers biochemistry and molecular biology of insect pheromone
production
* Explains pheromone production in moths, beetles, flies, and
social insects
* Describes pheromone and plant volatile reception
This book offers the first comprehensive review of parasitic
Crustacea, which are among the most successful and diverse
parasites. Starting with an introductory chapter, followed by an
historic overview and topic-specific chapters, each presenting a
different aspect of parasitic crustacean biology, it enables
readers to gain a better understanding of how these parasites
function and allows direct comparisons between the different
parasitic crustacean groups. The authors also discuss, in depth,
the adaptations and interactions that have made parasitic Crustacea
as successful as they are today, covering topics ranging from the
history of their discovery, their biodiversity, phylogeny,
evolution and life strategies to their role as vectors, or hosts of
other organisms, and their significance in ecological processes.
Consisting of ten chapters from leading international experts in
the field, this volume offers a one-stop resource for all
researchers, lecturers, students and practitioners.
Australia's varied grasslands have suffered massive losses and
changes since European settlement, and those changes continue under
increasingly intensive human pressures for development and
agricultural production. The values of native grasslands for
conservation of endemic native biodiversity, both flora and fauna,
have led to strong interests in the protection of remaining
fragments, especially near urban centres, and documentation of the
insects and other inhabitants of grasslands spanning tropical to
cool temperate parts of the country. Attention to conservation of
grassland insects in Australia is relatively recent, but it is
increasingly apparent that grasslands harbour many localised and
ecologically specialised endemic species. Their conservation
necessarily advances from very incomplete documentation, and draws
heavily on lessons from the far better-documented grasslands
elsewhere, most notably in the northern hemisphere, and undertaken
over far longer periods. From those cases, and the extensive
background to grassland management to harmonise conservation with
production and amenity values through honing use of processes such
as grazing, mowing and fire, the needs and priorities for Australia
can become clearer, together with needs for grassland restoration
at a variety of scales. This book is a broad overview of
conservation needs of grassland insects in Australia, drawing on
the background provided elsewhere in the world on the responses to
disturbances, and the ecological importance, of some key insect
groups (notably Orthoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera) to suggest
how insect conservation in native, pastoral and urban grasslands
may be advanced. The substantial references given for each chapter
facilitate entry for non-entomologist grassland managers and
stewards to appreciate the diversity and importance of Australia's
grassland insects, their vulnerabilities to changes, and the
possibilities for conserving them and the wider ecological roles in
which they participate.
The book reviews key developments in downy mildew research,
including the disease, its distribution, symptomatology, host
range, yield losses, and disease assessment; the pathogen, its
taxonomy, morphology, phylogeny, variability, sporulation, survival
and perpetuation, spore germination, infection, pathogenesis, seed
infection, disease cycle, epidemiology, forecasting, and fine
structures. The book also elaborates the mechanisms of host
resistance (biochemical, histological, genetic, and molecular,
including cloning and the mapping of R-genes), disease resistance
breeding strategies, and the genetics of host-parasite
interactions. It explores disease management based on cultural,
chemical, biological, host resistance, and integrated approaches;
and provides suggestions for future research areas. This book
offers a comprehensive guide to an economically important disease,
reviewing in detail the extant body of literature. Divided into 16
chapters, each of which includes a wealth of photographs, graphs,
histograms, tables, figures, flow charts, micrographs etc., it
represents an invaluable source of information for all researchers,
teachers, students, industrialists, farmers, policymakers, and all
others who are interested in growing healthy and profitable
cruciferous crops all over the world.
Of the 758 species of hard ticks (family Ixodidae) currently known
to science, 137 (18%) are found in the Neotropical Zoogeographic
Region, an area that extends from the eastern and western flanks of
the Mexican Plateau southward to southern Argentina and Chile and
that also includes the Greater and Lesser Antilles and the
Galapagos Islands. This vast and biotically rich region has long
attracted natural scientists, with the result that the literature
on Neotropical ticks, which are second only to mosquitoes as
vectors of human disease and are of paramount veterinary
importance, is enormous, diffuse, and often inaccessible to
non-specialists. In this book, three leading authorities on the
Ixodidae have combined their talents to produce a summary of
essential information for every Neotropical tick species. Under
each species name, readers will find an account of the original
taxonomic description and subsequent redescriptions, followed by an
overview of its geographic distribution and host relationships,
including a discussion of human parasitism. Additional sections
provide detailed analyses of tick distribution by country and
zoogeographic subregion (the Caribbean, southern Mexico and Central
America, South America, and the Galapagos Islands), together with a
review of the phenomenon of invasive tick species and examination
of the many valid and invalid names that have appeared in the
Neotropical tick literature. The text concludes with an
unprecedented tabulation of all known hosts of Neotropical
Ixodidae, including the tick life history stages collected from
each host. This book is an invaluable reference for biologists and
biomedical personnel seeking to familiarize themselves with the
Neotropical tick fauna.
Butterfly Wing Patterns and Mimicry, Volume 54, provides an
essential reference for those interested in molecular Entomology
and the study of natural selection. The volume spans work on the
genetics of polymorphism in Heliconius butterflies through to a
detailed analysis of the role of CRISPR-CAS in dissecting wing
patterning. The volume covers both the evolution and fine scale
development of both pattern and pigmentation. The role of wing
shape is also considered for the first time in a formal analysis.
It should be of interest to both experts and students interested in
Entomology and its application to fundamental questions in
evolution.
This book summarizes the recent advancements in identifying the
mosquito vectors and discusses various strategies for their
control. The book describes various molecular taxonomic methods,
including DNA barcoding and single nucleotide polymorphism-based
machine learning approach, which are used for the identification of
mosquito vectors. It also presents the various mosquito control
methods, namely, phytochemicals, Bacillus thuringiensis toxins,
nanotechnology, biological control agents, and environmental
management strategies. It also highlights the importance of various
repellents that are used for protection from different kinds of
mosquito vectors. Finally, the book offers a comprehensive yet
representative description of challenges associated with mosquito
vector-borne diseases. The book is a useful resource for medical
entomologists, health workers, and researchers working in
mosquito-control and vector-borne diseases.
Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution. 1. Tenagodrilus musculus
g.n., sp.n., a New Genus and Species of Lumbriculidae (Clitellata)
from a Temporary Pond in Alabama, USA; M. Eckroth, R.O. Brinkhurst.
2. Kathrynella, a New Oligochaete Genus from Guyana; P. Omodeo. 3.
Oligochaetes (Nididae, Tubificidae, Opistocystdae, Enchytraeidae,
Sparganophilidae and Alluroididae) of Guyana; D.F. Stacey, K.A.
Coates. 4. Species Separation and Identification in the
Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta, Annelida): Combining Morphology and
General Protein Pattern; R. Schmelz. Distribution, Abundance and
Habitat Types. 5. Naidids and Other Oligochaetes of Italy; A. di
Chiara Paoletti, Sambugar. 6. The Distribution of Oligochaeta on an
Exposed Rocky Shore in South East Ireland; B. Healy. 7. Oligochaeta
and Aphanoneura in Ancient Lakes: a Review; P. Martin. 8.
Distribution Patterns of Aquatic Oligochaetes Inhabiting
Watercourses in the North-Western Iberian Peninsula; E.
Martinez-Ansemil, R. Collado. 9. The Influence of Water Movement on
the Distribution of Oligochaetes; T.D. Slepukhina. 10. Oligochaeta
of Lake Taimyr: a Preliminary Survey; T. Timm. 11. Influence of
Grain Size on the Distribution of Tubificid Oligochaetes; G.
Sauter, H. Gude. 12. Investigations of Oligochaete Community
Structure in Different Habitats of a River Marsh Near Hamburg; R.
Grimm. 13. Long-Term Changes in Oligochaete Communities in Lake
Ladoga; T. Slepukhina. 14. Oligochaetes in the Southern Basin of
the Venetian Lagoon: Community Composition, Species Abundance
Biomass and Dispersion Pattern; S. Casellato. Population Dynamics.
15. Seasonal Dynamics of Aufwuchs Naididae (Oligochaeta) on
Phragmites australis in a Eutrophic Lake; B. Lohlein. 16. Age,
Stage and Size Structure as Population State Variables for Tubifex
tubifex (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae); A. Pasteris, et al. 17.
Oligochaete Species and their Biomass as a Source of Fish Food in
Hungarian Rice Fields; A. Szito. 18. Intermediate Host Specificity
of Caryophllaeus laticeps (Pallas) in Swedish Tubificid
Oligochaetes and Population Dynamics of the Parasite in its Final
Host the Bream, Abramis brama (L.) in Lake Malaren; G. Milbrink.
19. Energy Budget of Oligochaeta and its Connection with the
Primary Production of a Reservoir; K. Jenderedjian. 20. Production
and Population Dynamics of Tubifex tubifex in the Profundal Zone of
a Freshwater Reservoir in N. Italy; C. Bonacina, et al. Pollution
Studies. 21. Superficial and Hyporheic Communities as Indicators of
Pollution and Water Exchange in the River Moselle (France); M.
Lafont, et al. 22. Reversal of Eutrophication in Four Swiss Lakes;
Evidence from Oligochaete Communities; C. Lang, O. Reymond. 23. A
Comparison of Two Tubificid Oligochaete Species as Candidates for
Sublethal Bioassay Tests Relevant to Subtropical and Tropical
Regions; M. Marchese, R.O. Brinkhurst. 24. Oligochaetes in a Long
Term Eutrophication Experiment; P.F.M. Verdonschot. Anthropogenic
Impacts on Oligochaete Communities in the Mouth of the Neva; N.P.
Finogenova. 26. Upstream and Downstream Movement of Macrofauna
(with Special Referenc
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