Landmark Cases in Equity continues the series of essay collections which began with Landmark Cases in the Law of Restitution (2006) and continued with Landmark Cases in the Law of Contract (2008) and Landmark Cases in the Law of Tort (2010). It contains essays on landmark cases in the development of equitable doctrine running from the seventeenth century to recent times. The range, breadth and social importance of equitable principles, as these affect commercial, domestic and even political matters are well known. By focusing on the historical development of these principles, the essays in this collection help us to understand them more clearly, and also provide insights into the processes of legal change through judicial innovation. Themes addressed in the essays include the nature of the courts' equitable jurisdiction, the development of property rights in equity, constraints on the powers of settlors to create express trusts, the duties of trustees and other fiduciaries, remedies for breach of these duties, and the evolution of constructive and resulting trusts.

Few rules of law can so quickly strike terror into the hearts of lawyers as the Rule against Perpetuities. This rule, two centuries in development, is designed to prevent tying up property for too long a time. It can be stated in one sentence, but the great nineteenth-century master of the Rule, John Chipman Gray, required more than 400 scrupulously detailed pages to explain it. For deceptive subtleties and unexpected traps it has no equal. This book views the Rule in the microcosm of Kentucky cases. It shows that perpetuities law in action differs from perpetuities law in the books. It is more chaotic than any writer has ever suggested. While the words of doctrine remain the same, the meaning shifts from case to case. Seemingly the law is working slowly and tortuously to a new and sounder policy base. The book also is designed to provide the practicing lawyer with a simplified statement of the Rule and comprehensive analysis of Kentucky cases. Lastly, the book deals with an analysis of reform, particularly the 1960 Kentucky legislature reform act, based upon a draft by the author.

The farm bill is an omnibus, multi-year piece of authorizing legislation that governs an array of agricultural and food programs. Titles in the most recent farm bill encompassed farm commodity price and income supports, farm credit, trade, agricultural conservation, research, rural development, bioenergy, foreign food aid, and domestic nutrition assistance. Although agricultural policies sometimes are created and changed by freestanding legislation or as part of other major laws, the farm bill provides a predictable opportunity for policy makers to comprehensively and periodically address agricultural and food issues. The farm bill is renewed about every five years. This book begins with a brief overview of the estimated budgetary impact of the 2014 farm bill, followed by a summary comparison of the major provisions of each title.

This book focuses on those policies contained in the 2014 farm bill that support agriculture-based renewable energy, especially biofuels. The introductory sections of this book briefly describe how USDA bioenergy policies evolved and how they fit into the larger context of U.S. biofuels policy. Then, each of the bioenergy provisions of the 2014 farm bill are defined in terms of their function, goals, administration, funding, and implementation status. The book describes agriculture-based biofuels and the evolution of the U.S. biofuels sector with a focus on the role that federal policy has played in shaping its development. It highlights emerging issues that are critical to the biofuels sector and of relevance to Congress. Furthermore, this book provides a description of the Biomass Crop Assistance Program's main componentsannual and establishment payments, matching payments, and project areasas outlined in USDA's final rule, along with a discussion of program funding and implementation issues.

Under the Appointments Clause, the President is empowered to nominate and appoint principal officers of the United States, but only with the advice and consent of the Senate. In addition to this general appointment authority, the Recess Appointments Clause permits the President to make temporary appointments, without Senate approval, during periods in which the Senate is not in session. This book begins with a general legal overview of the Recess Appointments Clause and a discussion of applicable case law that existed prior to the D.C. Circuit's decision in Noel Canning. In Noel Canning v. National Labor Relations Board, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) ruled that President Obama's appointments of three Members to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) were constitutionally invalid. This book focuses on the ramifications that the Noel Canning decision might have on the President's authority to make recess appointment by providing a legal analysis of Noel Canning and the applicable case law that existed prior to that decision. The U.S. Constitution explicitly provides the President with two methods of appointing officers of the United States. This book also provides an overview of the Recess Appointments Clause, exploring its historical application and legal interpretation by the executive branch, the courts, and the Comptroller General. It also reflects on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit's decision in Noel Canning v. Nat'l Labor Relations Board, which held that the President's three recess appointments to the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) were invalid.

Ancient accounts of Aristotle credit him with 170 Constitutions of various states; it is widely assumed that these were research for the Politics, and that many of them were written or drafted by his students. Athens, however, was a particularly important state, and where Aristotle was living at the time; it is plausible that, even if students did the others, Aristotle did that one himself, and possible that it was intended as a model for the rest.

This title presents a selection of federal acts including the Posse Comitatus Act; the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA); the Arsenal Act; the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA); the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); the Fair Credit Reporting Act; and the Combating Autism Act.

2012 Reprint of 1961 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. In this title Nizer recounts some of his significant civil and criminal cases. The tension of the courtroom and the fervor of the advocate pervaded his books, including "My Life in Court," which made him nationally famous. It rose to the top of The Times's best-seller list and logged 72 weeks as a sales leader. One critic praised it as "entertaining and philosophically instructive, an unusual combination." The book included stories of court cases that Mr. Nizer had won, including the famous libel action that the writer Quentin Reynolds, with Mr. Nizer as his lawyer, brought successfully against the columnist Westbrook Pegler. The account of that case served as the basis of the 1963 Broadway play "A Case of Libel."

This book examines the Golan v. Holder Supreme Court Case, which discussed whether Congress has the power to grant copyright protection to creative works that have already entered the public domain. A group of orchestra conductors, educators, performers, film archivists, and motion picture distributors, who had relied on the free and unrestricted availability of these artistic works in the public domain for their livelihoods, filed a lawsuit against the federal government challenging the constitutionality of the URAA.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCRd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Special features of this work include: Thorough Analysis - Maximum law points have been extracted from each case. Most comprehensive coverage of case-law; Topic and Statute-wise arrangement: easy and quick access - The arrangement and plan enables the reader to reach the relevant rulings most conveniently, by whatever route he may begin his search for the relevant rulings, be it the Topic approach, Statute approach or the Case-method approach; Grouping of statutes of different States on same subject - To reveal the underlying principles of that topic. Moreover, all the law on a topic at one place saves time, saves labour. Yet with "Quick Guides" you can get the citations then and there; Elaborate cross references - Under the topic approach, supported by elaborate cross-references, one easily gets to the statute and easily to the cases on any point; Bench strength and coram - Helps in determining preponderant view where rulings are conflicting. Date of decision - To help decide which is the later view among different rulings; Cross-Citations - Cross citations have been included of all important law reports, and also of provincial reports wherever relevant; and, Citations and cross-citations can also be looked up in the "Table of Cases Digested and Noter-up". Quick release of all the volumes - It is planned to release all the volumes of this "Complete Digest" in quick succession, and each volume will be up-to-date till its date of publication. Unique features include: Complete source for the entire case-law : The only complete source for the entire case-law of the Supreme Court since 1950 to date. As you very well know that partially reported case-law can be misleading and important cases can be left out. The Complete Digest provides you the complete picture and hence is thoroughly and completely reliable - it is indeed the ultimate Digest! Bench Strength - indicating number of judges who decided that case - extremely useful for lawyers to compare when rulings are conflicting. Name of Judges - with name of the judge who gave the ruling is indicated in bold. Table of Cases given in each volume. Date of Decision given Detailed cross-references for connected topics/sub-topics; Quick guides - to rulings to be published in later volumes - a most useful and unique feature that enhances the value of each volume manifold. Additional features include: Scientific Blend of statute approach and topic approach. Non-Statutory subjects have been given independent standing of their own and not unrealistically placed under statutory provisions. Both reported and unreported judgements of the Supreme Court, have been covered in this digest. The matter discovered is so extensive that it will cover 27 large volumes or may be more. Most comprehensive coverage of case-law. Self-explanatory head notes supported by excerpts from the judgement itself for total reliability. The all comprehensive topic 'Words and Phrases' takes care of minute aspects and is a convenient reference point. Where the number of rulings under any article, section or sub-topic are several, they have been, for convenience of reference, further sub-divided under minor topic headings and a synopsis added for quick reference. An excellent noter-up on overruled, distinguished, followed, etc. cases, to know true strength and latest position of any ruling. Valuable editorial notes and comments given where felt necessary. Annotations below digest notes also give clues to cases intimately connected. The entire digest has been prepared with the help of most modern computers, which besides ensuring accuracy have enabled further comprehensiveness of the work. Excellent paper, printing and binding makes this a prized collection for every law library - a useful and prudent investment at a very affordable and reasonable price. Unique, time saving features give value for money. With its many unique and special features that are not available in any other digest, the "Complete Digest of Supreme Court Cases" is the most outstanding and reliable work available in the market today. The only authoritative and accurate guide to Supreme Court case-law.

"The Irving case has done for the new century what the Nuremberg tribunals or the Eichmann trial did for earlier generations." The Daily Telegraph

From January to April 2000 a high-profile libel case brought by the British historian David Irving against Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt, charging that Lipstadt s book, Denying the Holocaust (1993), falsely labeled him a Holocaust denier, was tried in the British High Court. The question about the evidence for Auschwitz as a death camp played a central role in these proceedings. Irving had based his alleged denial of the Holocaust in part on a 1988 report by an American execution specialist, Fred Leuchter, which claimed that there was no evidence for homicidal gas chambers in Auschwitz. In connection with their defense, Penguin and Lipstadt engaged architectural historian Robert Jan van Pelt to prepare for the court an expert report presenting the evidence for our knowledge that Auschwitz had been an extermination camp where up to one million Jews were killed, mainly in gas chambers.

Employing painstaking historical scholarship, van Pelt submitted an exhaustive forensic report, which he successfully defended in cross-examination in court. In his verdict in favor of the defendants, Mr. Justice Charles Grey concluded that "no objective, fair-minded historian would have serious cause to doubt that there were gas chambers at Auschwitz and that they were operated on a substantial scale to kill hundreds of thousands of Jews."

The Case for Auschwitz analyzes why Auschwitz has become central to Holocaust denial and how it became a focus in the Irving-Lipstadt trial. It presents the compelling evidence contained in the original expert report and details the way this evidence played out at the trial. Unique in its comprehensive assessment of the historical evidence for Auschwitz and devastating in its demolition of the arguments of Holocaust deniers against Auschwitz, van Pelt s book is essential reading for anyone interested in the history of the Holocaust and for those who seek to combat Holocaust denial."

The International Law Reports is the only publication in the world wholly devoted to the regular and systematic reporting in English of decisions of international courts and arbitrators as well as judgments of national courts. Volume 130 reports on, amongst others, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's 2002 Decision on Delimitation and 2006 Statement on Demarcation, the Decision on Preliminary Objection, Counter-claim and Merits Judgment in the Case concerning Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) in the International Court of Justice, and the Privy Council Judgment in the Pitcairn Islands case Christian v. The Queen.

The past two hundred years have seen the transformation of public international law from a rule-based extrusion of diplomacy into a fully-fledged legal system. Landmark Cases in Public International Law examines decisions that have contributed to the development of international law into an integrated whole, whilst also creating specialised sub-systems that stand alone as units of analysis. The significance of these decisions is not taken for granted, with contributors critically interrogating the cases to determine if their reputation as 'landmarks' is deserved. Emphasis is also placed on seeing each case as a diplomatic artefact, highlighting that international law, while unquestionably a legal system, remains reliant on the practice and consent of states as the prime movers of development. The cases selected cover a broad range of subject areas including state immunity, human rights, the environment, trade and investment, international organisations, international courts and tribunals, the laws of war, international crimes, and the interface between international and municipal legal systems. A wide array of international and domestic courts are also considered, from the International Court of Justice to the European Court of Human Rights, World Trade Organization Appellate Body, US Supreme Court and other adjudicative bodies. The result is a three-dimensional picture of international law: what it was, what it is, and what it might yet become.

Henry of Bracton (or Bratton) (c. 1210 1268) was a jurist who worked as a Justice of Assize in the south-west of England, and was the author of the first systematic discussion of English common law. The manuscripts which form Bracton's Note Book were discovered in the British Museum in 1884 by Vinogradoff, and were edited in three volumes in 1887 by Maitland. These volumes contain a collection of over 2,000 lawsuits from the thirteenth century, each with a description of how the law should be applied to the particular circumstances of each case. This is the first example of case law in English legal writing, and its usefulness as a record of legal precedent probably led to the creation of Year Rolls (official records of court cases) from 1268. Volume 3 contains the texts of Pleas in the Bench and before the King from 1224 to 1240.

Henry of Bracton (or Bratton) (c. 1210 1268) was a jurist who worked as a Justice of Assize in the south-west of England, and was the author of the first systematic discussion of English common law. The manuscripts which form Bracton's Note Book were discovered in the British Museum in 1884 by Vinogradoff, and were edited in three volumes in 1887 by Maitland. These volumes contain a collection of over 2,000 law cases from the thirteenth century, each with a description of how the law should be applied to the particular circumstances of each case. This is the first example of case law in English legal writing, and its usefulness as a record of legal precedent probably led to the creation of Year Rolls (official records of court cases) from 1268. Volume 2 contains the texts of Pleas in the Bench from 1218 to 1234.

In an ideal world, the laws of Congress-known as federal statutes-would always be clearly worded and easily understood by the judges tasked with interpreting them. But many laws feature ambiguous or even contradictory wording. How, then, should judges divine their meaning? Should they stick only to the text? To what degree, if any, should they consult aids beyond the statutes themselves? Are the purposes of lawmakers in writing law relevant? Some judges, such as Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, believe courts should look to the language of the statute and virtually nothing else. Chief Judge Robert A. Katzmann of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit respectfully disagrees. In Judging Statutes, Katzmann, who is a trained political scientist as well as a judge, argues that our constitutional system charges Congress with enacting laws; therefore, how Congress makes its purposes known through both the laws themselves and reliable accompanying materials should be respected. He looks at how the American government works, including how laws come to be and how various agencies construe legislation. He then explains the judicial process of interpreting and applying these laws through the demonstration of two interpretative approaches, purposivism (focusing on the purpose of a law) and textualism (focusing solely on the text of the written law). Katzmann draws from his experience to show how this process plays out in the real world, and concludes with some suggestions to promote understanding between the courts and Congress. When courts interpret the laws of Congress, they should be mindful of how Congress actually functions, how lawmakers signal the meaning of statutes, and what those legislators expect of courts construing their laws. The legislative record behind a law is in truth part of its foundation, and therefore merits consideration.

American International Law Cases (AILC) is an annual case law reporter that provides the full text of U.S. court opinions involving international law issues. The courts covered include all U.S. federal district courts and bankruptcy courts, federal appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as the U.S. Court of International Trade, other federal specialty courts, and state courts that have decided notable cases. The 2014 edition contains 12 volumes with over 350 cases. The cases appear in alphabetical order by case name, with a subject index of cases and consolidated table of cases at the end of Volume 12. The 2014 edition includes noteworthy cases from U.S. federal courts relating to the following topics: Alien Tort Statute: Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Tech. Inc.; Chowdhury v. WorldTel Bangladesh Holding, Ltd.; Ntsebeza v. Ford Motor Co. (In re South African Apartheid Litigation) Authority to order discovery regarding foreign assets outside the U.S.: Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd. Comity: Gucci America Inc. v. Bank of China Extraterritoriality: Ntsebeza v. Ford Motor Co. (In re South African Apartheid Litigation) Federal Tort Claims Act: In re KBR, Inc., Burn Pit Litig. (Metzgar v. KBR, Inc.) Financial support of terrorists: Wultz v. Bank of China Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: European Cmty. v. RJR Nabisco, Inc.; In re KBR, Inc., Burn Pit Litig. (Metzgar v. KBR, Inc.); Jerez v. Republic of Cuba; Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd.; Wultz v. Bank of China Habeas corpus and the detention of suspected terrorists: Aamer v. Obama; Abdullah v. Obama; Al Janko v. Gates; Hatim v. Obama Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction: Sanchez v. R.G.L. In personam jurisdiction: Daimler AG v. Bauman; Gucci America Inc. v. Bank of China International arbitration and the New York Convention: BG Group PLC v. Argentina; Commissions Import Export SA v. Republic of the Congo Political question doctrine: Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Tech. Inc. Status and rights of aliens: Hizam v. Kerry; Scialabba v. Cuellar De Osorio War powers and national security: Ralls Corp. v. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States

This book provides in English the case law of the Colombian Constitutional Court, which has become one of the most creative and important courts of the global south and the world since its creation in 1991. It offers concise and carefully chosen extracts of the Court's most important cases, along with notes and introductory materials to place them in historical and comparative context. The book covers the Court's landmark rights jurisprudence, including the decriminalization of drug possession, the legalization of same-sex marriage, the protection of social rights through broad structural orders such as the ones covering internally displaced persons and the right to health. It also covers the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples to cultural autonomy and to be consulted before economic projects are undertaken on their land, and the rights of victims of the country's long-running internal armed conflict to truth, justice, and reparations. Also provided are the Court's most noteworthy structural cases, particularly its successful attempt to limit the use of states of exception and its substitution of the constitution doctrine, which allows it to strike down amendments that replace rather than amending core principles of the existing constitutional order. The materials focus on the Court's contributions in a comparative perspective, showing how they are exemplary of a range of problems faced by courts around the world and particularly as an example of aggressive judicial review by the courts of the global south. At the same time, they demonstrate how many of the Court's key cases - such as the judicial review of the peace process with guerrilla groups or the striking down of an amendment to allow a popular president to seek a third term - are reactions to the historical features of the Colombian legal and social landscape.

The International Law Reports is the only publication in the world wholly devoted to the regular and systematic reporting in English of decisions of international courts and arbitrators as well as judgments of national courts. Volume 133 reports on, amongst others, the 2007 decision of the European Court of Human Rights in Behrami and Saramati, the judgment of the Court of Appeal of Singapore in CAA v. Singapore Airlines and the related Canadian decision, and the English decisions of the High Court, Court of Appeal and House of Lords in Al-Skeini.

The International Law Reports is the only publication in the world wholly devoted to the regular and systematic reporting in English of decisions of international courts and arbitrators as well as judgments of national courts. Volume 132 reports on, amongst others, the 2007 Partial Award in Eurotunnel arbitration, the Bermudan Court of Appeal case on treaties (Braswell) and the UK House of Lords judgments in joined appeals in Jones (Margaret) and Ayliffe together with the lower court decisions.