This timely book provides a critical examination of the ways in which tax expenditures can be best used in order to enhance their efficacy as instruments for the implementation of environmental policy. Examining the capacity and limits of tax expenditures in financing environmental policy, Hope Ashiabor considers their use in various contexts and policies in order to clearly establish the common threads as well as any deviations that have emerged. The book outlines how, when used in environmental policy either to provide preferences to certain activities or to address the challenges of environmental degradation, the management of tax expenditures invariably results in unintended consequences that manifest in negative environmental outcomes and economic inefficiencies. It also examines some of the challenges encountered in re-structuring subsidies that have become environmentally harmful. Tax Expenditures and Environmental Policy will be of great interest to students and scholars in both tax and environmental law. It will also offer an essential tool for policy makers and practitioners through its focus on policy design and its doctrinal analysis.

Increasingly, EU market regulation measures have been introduced in the pursuit of economic justice and welfare. This book illustrates how regulation can help to prevent the abuse of dominance, in particular the abuse of public capital by the state. Comprehensive and interdisciplinary, this book presents the theory of regulation in a highly accessible manner. It explains that whilst the state's ability to make major investments, compete with the private sector and target subsidies may be necessary in supporting infrastructure, the wasteful allocation of public monies can also do immense harm by crowding out private investments, distorting private incentives, and helping to foreclose markets. Against this background, Christian Koenig and Bernhard Von Wendland discuss the strengths and weaknesses of EU regulation in the area of competition in the Internal Market, considering both private and public economic activities and market interventions and providing further analysis in light of global competitive pressures. Contemporary and practical, this book will appeal to academics, students and practitioners interested in regulation both in and outside of the EU. Decision-makers, lawmakers and politicians will also benefit from its strong focus on better law making and regulation in order to promote social welfare.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Written by esteemed legal scholar Michael L. Perlin, this indispensable Advanced Introduction examines the long-standing but ever-dynamic relationship between law and mental health. The author discusses and contextualises how the law, primarily in the United States but also in other countries, treats mental health, intellectual disabilities, and mental incapacity, giving examples of how issues such as the rights of patients, the death penalty and the insanity defense permeate constitutional, civil, and criminal matters, and indeed the general practice of law. Key features include: unpacks key US Supreme Court decisions to focus on the issues that have been most significant in the development of the field explains the distortion of this area of law by biased and stereotypical social attitudes including sanism examines lesser-known cases that illuminate judicial attitudes, helping readers to better understand likely future developments in mental health law. Offering an insightful introduction to this field, the Advanced Introduction to Mental Health Law is an invaluable resource for students and newly qualified lawyers, and will appeal not only to those looking to understand the law in the United States, but how this contributes to the development of the field as a whole.

In the age of technological advancement, including the emergence of artificial intelligence, big data, and the internet of things, the need for privacy and protection has risen massively. This phenomenon has led to the enforcement of two major legal directives in the European Union (EU) that aim to provide vigorous protection of personal data. There is a need for research on the repercussions and developments that have materialized with these recent regulations and how the rest of the world has been affected. Personal Data Protection and Legal Developments in the European Union is an essential reference source that critically discusses different aspects of the GDPR and the Law Enforcement Directive as well as recent jurisprudential developments concerning data privacy in the EU and its member states. It also addresses relevant recent case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Court of Human Rights, and national courts. Featuring research on topics such as public transparency, medical research data, and automated decision making, this book is ideally designed for law practitioners, data scientists, policymakers, IT professionals, politicians, researchers, analysts, academicians, and students working in the areas of privacy, data protection, big data, information technology, and human rights law.

It is crucial that forensic science meets challenges such as identifying hidden patterns in data, validating results for accuracy, and understanding varying criminal activities in order to be authoritative so as to hold up justice and public safety. Artificial intelligence, with its potential subsets of machine learning and deep learning, has the potential to transform the domain of forensic science by handling diverse data, recognizing patterns, and analyzing, interpreting, and presenting results. Machine Learning and deep learning frameworks, with developed mathematical and computational tools, facilitate the investigators to provide reliable results. Further study on the potential uses of these technologies is required to better understand their benefits. Aiding Forensic Investigation Through Deep Learning and Machine Learning Frameworks provides an outline of deep learning and machine learning frameworks and methods for use in forensic science to produce accurate and reliable results to aid investigation processes. The book also considers the challenges, developments, advancements, and emerging approaches of deep learning and machine learning. Covering key topics such as biometrics, augmented reality, and fraud investigation, this reference work is crucial for forensic scientists, law enforcement, computer scientists, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

Bringing together leading scholars from across a diverse range of disciplines, this unique book examines a key question: How can we best conserve marine living resources in the Polar regions, where climate change effects and human activities are particularly pressing? Part one of this timely book focuses on Antarctica, centring on the evolving work of the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in managing the marine living resources of the Southern Ocean. Part two explores the multi-level governance regime in the Arctic, analysing the central Arctic Ocean fisheries agreement, the role of the Arctic Council and law and governance in Arctic states. Finally, part three considers some of the new challenges and opportunities, including new technology, bioprospecting and dispute settlement. Providing a comprehensive assessment of the governance regimes of marine living resources in the Polar regions, this book will be of great interest to academics, NGOs, international organizations and government officials, whilst also being a key resource for practitioners working in the fisheries industries.

Title 12 presents regulations governing banking procedures and activities of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Export-Import Bank, Office of Thrift Supervision, Farm Credit Administration, and the National Credit Union Administration. It also contains regulations pertaining to other types of banking operations. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by January. Publication follows within six months.

Comparative Insolvency Law argues that the most important development in contemporary insolvency law and practice is the shift towards a rescue culture rather than full creditor satisfaction. This book is the first to specifically examine the rise of the pre-packaged approach, which permits debtor companies to formulate a clear pre-arranged exit before entering into formal insolvency proceedings. The book offers a comparative and critical analysis of the law and practice of the pre-pack approach to corporate rescue in the UK, the USA, and in key EU jurisdictions, and explains the reasons behind the popularity of the UK as forum law for European companies approaching insolvency. Highlighting the advantages and shortcomings of the process, Bo Xie discusses in depth the different approaches adopted in these various jurisdictions to deal with opportunistic use of pre-packs. She also considers proposals to redress the balance within UK pre-packaged administrations by inserting higher transparency and scrutiny safeguards. This highly topical study is a must-read for scholars and legal practitioners working in the fields of corporate insolvency and restructuring.It will also prove of great value to insolvency regulators owing to its topical and in-depth analysis of current developments in the law.

The financial crisis, which spanned 2007 and 2008, may have occurred ten years ago but the resulting regulatory implications are yet to be implemented. This book isolates the occurrences of the derivatives market, which were implied as the core accelerator and enabler of the global financial crisis. Offering a holistic approach to post-crisis derivatives regulation, this book provides insight into how new regulation has dealt with the risk that OTC derivatives pose to financial stability. It discusses the effects that post-crisis regulation has had on central counterparties and the risk associated with clearing of OTC derivatives. Alexandra G. Balmer offers a novel solution to tackle the potential negative externalities from the failure of a central counterparty and identifies potential new risks arising from post-crisis reforms. Comprehensive and astute, this book will provide legal and financial scholars, academics and lawyers with much food for thought. National supervisors and regulators will also benefit from an understanding of general market risks and factors affecting exposure to such risks.

How should we strike a balance between the benefits of centralized and local governance, and how important is context to selecting the right policy tools? This uniquely broad overview of the field illuminates our understanding of environmental federalism and informs our policy-making future. Professor Kalyani Robbins has brought together an impressive team of leading environmental federalism scholars to provide a collection of chapters, each focused on a different regime. This review of many varied approaches, including substantial theoretical material, culminates in a comparative analysis of environmental federalism and consideration of what each system might learn from the others. The Law and Policy of Environmental Federalism includes clear descriptive portions that make it a valuable teaching resource, as well as original theory and a depth of policy analysis that will benefit scholars of federalism or environmental and natural resources law. The value of its analysis for real-world decision-making will make it a compelling read for practitioners in environmental law or fields concerned with federalism issues, including those in government or NGOs, as well as lobbyists. Contributors: W.L. Andreen, N. Behnke, S. Bhat, W.W. Buzbee, A.E. Carlson, K.H. Engel, A. Eppler, R. Fowler, R.L. Glicksman, K.H. Hirokawa, B. Hudson, A. Kaswan, A.B. Klass, K. Robbins, J. Rosenbloom, E. Ryan, J.A. Wentz, H. Wiseman

Exam Board: Pearson BTEC Academic Level: BTEC National Subject: Applied Law First teaching: September 2017 First Assessments: Summer 2018 Ideal for classroom or independent study, this Revision Guide with ActiveBook is the smart choice for learners studying for the externally assessed units 1 and 3 of the new BTEC Nationals in Applied Law qualifications. The Revision Guide is accompanied by an ActiveBook (eBook) so that learners have the choice and flexibility to access materials anytime or anywhere. The visually engaging format breaks the content down into easily-digestible sections for students and provides hassle-free instant-access revision for learners. Clear specification fit, with revision activities and annotated sample responses for each unit to show students how to tackle the assessed tasks. Written with students in mind - in an informal voice that talks directly to them. Designed to be used alongside the Workbook with clear unit-by-unit correspondence to make it easy to use the books together.