Maximise your marks for every answer you write with Law Express Question and Answer. This series is designed to help you understand what examiners are looking for, focus on the question being asked and make your answers stand out. See how an expert crafts answers to up to 50 questions on Tort Law. Discover how and why different elements of the answer relate to the question in accompanying Guidance. Plan answers quickly and effectively using Answer plans and Diagram plans. Gain higher marks with tips for advanced thinking in Make your answer stand out. Avoid common pitfalls with Don't be tempted to. Compare your responses using the Try it yourself answer guidance on the companion website. Practice answering questions and discover additional resources to support you in preparing for exams on the Companion website.

Maximise your marks for every answer you write with Law Express Question and Answer. This series is designed to help you understand what examiners are looking for, focus on the question being asked and make your answers stand out. See how an expert crafts answers to up to 50 questions on Criminal Law. Discover how and why different elements of the answer relate to the question in accompanying Guidance. Plan answers quickly and effectively using Answer plans and Diagram plans. Gain higher marks with tips for advanced thinking in Make your answer stand out. Avoid common pitfalls with Don't be tempted to. Compare your responses using the Try it yourself answer guidance on the companion website. Practice answering questions and discover additional resources to support you in preparing for exams on the Companion website.

Maximise your marks for every answer you write with Law Express Question and Answer. This series is designed to help you understand what examiners are looking for, focus on the question being asked and make your answers stand out. See how an expert crafts answers to up to 50 questions on English Legal System. Discover how and why different elements of the answer relate to the question in accompanying Guidance. Plan answers quickly and effectively using Answer plans and Diagram plans. Gain higher marks with tips for advanced thinking in Make your answer stand out. Avoid common pitfalls with Don't be tempted to. Compare your responses using the Try it yourself answer guidance on the companion website. Practice answering questions and discover additional resources to support you in preparing for exams on the Companion website.

Setting out the current rules on legal professional privilege (LPP), with specific attention to their relevance in EU competition investigations, this comprehensive book analyses the practice of LPP by the European Commission and its interpretations in the European Courts. It also compares this to practice in the EU Member States, as well as other jurisdictions including Japan, the UK, and the US. Key Features: An overview of the history of LPP Discussions on the practice of LPP in the EU and globally Commentary on the relevant case law of the EU courts in relation to LPP in EU competition investigations Analysis of LPP in competition investigations in the EFTA countries, EU Member States, and other jurisdictions This book will be an essential resource for competition practitioners – both private practitioners and in-house counsel – as well as officials at the Commission and at the competition authorities and enforcement agencies.

This book presents a short history and timeline of criminal procedure legislation in China. First, it addresses the status of Human Rights Conventions and the challenges resulting from human rights standards for Chinese criminal procedural law and practice. The discussion then moves on to explore the fundaments of Chinese criminal procedure such as the applicable law found in the Chinese CPL (Criminal Procedure Law) and legal institutions. The book covers relevant actors in the Chinese Criminal Justice System (ie judges, prosecutors, police, defence councils) as well as the relationships between them. It also includes topics relating to the victims of crime and their role in criminal proceedings. Starting with pre-trial investigations (extending in particular to coercive measures and discretionary powers in the implementation of non-prosecution policies) the book continues as a guide through the basic principles of criminal trial, standards of evidence and rules related to conviction. Appeals and the issue of reopening criminal proceedings are also considered, with the book making particular reference to a number of special procedures (including juvenile delinquency) in the closing chapter.

Timely and incisive, this book offers a critical insight into the legal structure of EU development cooperation policy, exploring the innate complexities that give rise to legal challenges in this crucial area of EU external action. Investigating the interaction between the key tenets of coherence and conferral, Dr. Tina Van den Sanden assesses how the Union's legal framework affects the attainment of its development cooperation objectives. Demonstrating the inherent tension between the central principle of conferral, which restricts the Union's legal competences to the boundaries established within its Treaties, and the need for coherence, this ambitious book provides an insightful analysis of EU development cooperation policy. Chapters further scrutinise the legal scope of such policy and its delimitation with closely linked policy areas of environment, the common commercial policy (CCP), and the common foreign and security policy (CFSP); establish the division of competences and cooperation between the Union and its Member States; and evaluate the management of the institutional division of competences between different EU actors. The book concludes with an assessment of whether the Union's legal, constitutional, and institutional structures are equipped to meet and support its own development cooperation aims. Both legal scholars and practitioners interested in EU external relations law will benefit from this book's comprehensive analysis of the underlying legal frameworks that form and influence EU development cooperation policy.

Maximise your marks for every answer you write with Law Express Question and Answer. This series is designed to help you understand what examiners are looking for, focus on the question being asked and make your answers stand out. See how an expert crafts answers to up to 50 questions on Land Law. Discover how and why different elements of the answer relate to the question in accompanying Guidance. Plan answers quickly and effectively using Answer plans and Diagram plans. Gain higher marks with tips for advanced thinking in Make your answer stand out. Avoid common pitfalls with Don't be tempted to. Compare your responses using the Try it yourself answer guidance on the companion website. Practice answering questions and discover additional resources to support you in preparing for exams on the Companion website.

Workers, Collectivism and the Law offers a captivating historical account of worker democracy, from its beginnings in European guild systems to present-day labor unions, across the national legal systems of Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. Analysing these legal systems in light of a Habermasian concept of participatory democracy, Laura Carlson identifies ways to strengthen individual employee voice in claims against employers. Carlson highlights how employee voice and democracy, both collective and individual, assume different guises in each of these four labor law models. By tracing voice and democracy as components in the history of collective worker organizations, from guilds to journeymen associations to modern labor unions, Carlson demonstrates how history has shaped today's national labor law models. In the context of modern labor law's central focus on human rights, Carlson articulates the need for stronger legal defence of mechanisms of transparency and procedural due process, to enhance voice and democracy for union members in invoking rights and asserting protections for workers. This insightful book is indispensable reading for labor law academics and for those practicing in employment law, while those interested in the history of labor law will revel in its penetrating survey of the materials.

At a time when the planet's wildlife faces countless dangers, international environmental law continues to overlook its evolving welfare interests. This thought-provoking book provides a crucial exploration of how international environmental law must adapt to take account of the growing recognition of the intrinsic value of wildlife. Animal Welfare and International Environmental Law offers compelling and timely arguments in favour of wildlife's inherent worth and proposes a progressive development of the law in response to its needs and interests. Taking into account recent trends in bioethics and conservation, these critical discussions of wildlife welfare have dramatic implications for the future of sustainable development and sustainable use. The book challenges assumptions by taking a perspective which decentres the needs of humans and instead emphasises the growing need to protect wildlife with compassion and care. This book will prove invaluable to both students and scholars of environmental law, animal law and international law more widely. It will also appeal to policymakers, legal scholars and NGOs dealing with the imminent needs of the earth's wildlife. Contributors include: D. Bilchitz, M. Bowman, S. Riley, J. Schaffner, W. Scholtz, K. Sykes, S. White

This book examines the calculation and evaluation of regulatory costs by regulators in accordance with a legislative mandate. A serious limitation in that enterprise, the possibility of technological change and innovation, often compromises those efforts and has long been under-appreciated in standard 'cost-benefit analysis.' Regulators who study the inducement of innovation and the avoidance of regulatory costs by the regulated often find significant cost-saving opportunities, leading to more stringent and more effective risk governance. Ultimately, the weighing of costs in this more elaborate model is more than simple welfare maximization. It views regulatory costs as important to society for a range of reasons, some grounded in fairness and some in deliberative process values, as a society seeks to minimize all costs over time. This analysis places the weighing of regulatory costs in context by comparing cost calculation methods and evaluative tools in three illuminating case studies. It assesses cost-factoring methods under different normative frameworks and highlights the role of technological innovation in cost minimization over time while considering regulatory costs that result from multiple regulatory tool choices. A single regulatory cost investigation is tracked from agency to legislative back to agency choice, outlining the steps to consensus-oriented cost factoring methods. Academic and professional lawyers in fields like environmental protection, food and drug safety, and workplace safety will find this an invaluable resource, as will researchers in disciplines dealing with judicial choice from economic or political theoretical frameworks and regulatory agencies charged with regulating risks.