As a fiscal document recording the spending, taxing, and borrowing policies for the coming year, the U.S. budget continues to be a model for other nations. This book focuses on the various phases of budget making, its historical background in fiscal and monetary terms, and special budgetary issues, including the budget balance, credit activities of Government-Sponsored Enterprises, the future health of Social Security, and the budget's relationship to the financial and "public goods" aspects of the international environment. Covering major changes in the structure and process of budgeting since 1989, when the book was first published, this volume covers new ground in many aspects of fiscal and financial policy, domestically and internationally. Each section of the book is devoted to a different aspect of U.S. budgeting, ranging from the foundations of the present policies, to the annual budget cycle, to the actual methods of accomplishment, and the containment of those policies in the global framework. One section focuses on high visibility issues-Social Security, surpluses, federal debt, and entitlement programs. The book provides a valuable overview for those wishing to understand the budget process and its foundations while aspiring to help improve that process.

Explore the history of money! Learn how the process of making, handling, and protecting money has evolved over time. This 32-page nonfiction book covers economic topics like inflation and debt. Perfect for use in the classroom or at-home learning to explore how money has changed, from bartering to Bitcoin. Includes a short fiction piece to help students relate to the topic and engaging text features such as a glossary, useful discussion questions, and a Civics in Action activity designed to get students thinking and talking about social issues.

Through a close examination of India's policies, economic system, social systems and politics, this study explores the numerous perspectives and debates on India's urbanization. The authors link contemporary urban issues with emerging challenges associated with policies and city management.

COVID-19 and the Response of Central Banks analyses the reactions of central banks to the COVID-19 crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa. It focuses on how the pandemic has affected the economic performance of Sub-Saharan African countries, many of which were already struggling with growth and sustainability. The first part of the book covers countries within monetary unions such as Cameroon, Congo, Senegal, and Cote d'Ivoire. In the second half, countries with their own independent central banks such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Ghana, and Sierra Leone, are discussed. Chapters highlight the differences between monetary union membership and independent central banks during health crises and explore the role of central banking in minimizing the deleterious effects. This theoretical and empirical analysis of central bank reactions and monetary regimes in these Sub-Saharan African countries is important, useful information for central bankers and policymakers responsible for making decisions before, during, and post crises. Among others, graduate students interested in development analysis and how monetary policy works in Africa will also benefit from the insight in COVID-19 and the Response of Central Banks.

This book discusses capital markets and investment decision-making, focusing on the globalisation of the world economy. It presents empirically tested results from Indian and Southwest Asian stock markets and offers valuable insights into the working of Indian capital markets. The book is divided into four parts: the first part examines capital-market operations, particularly clearance and settlement processes, and stock market operations. The second part then addresses the functioning of global markets and investment decisions; more specifically it explores calendar anomalies, dependencies, overreaction effect, causality effect and stock returns volatility in South Asia, U.S. and global stock markets as a whole. Part three covers issues relating to capital structure, values of firm and investment strategies. Lastly, part four discusses emerging issues in finance like behavioral finance, Islamic finance, and international financial reporting standards. The book fills the gap in the existing finance literature and helps fund managers and individual investors make more accurate investment decisions.

This book tries to integrate the different arrangements devised in the MTS for small and large NMEs into one analytical framework and explores two sets of rules (GATT/WTO-minus and GATT/WTO-plus) along three historical stages (shaping, weakening and strengthening). The focal point of this book is to uncover the composition and structure of the NME treatment in the MTS, its evolving logic and process, and the nature and trend of the political-economic relations between NMEs and the MTS.

This book presents selected papers from the 26th and 27th Eurasia Business and Economics Society (EBES) Conferences, held in Prague, Czech Republic, and Bali, Indonesia. While the theoretical and empirical papers gathered here cover diverse areas of economics and finance in various geographic regions, the main focus is on the latest research concerning banking and finance, as well as empirical studies on emerging economies and public economics. The book also includes studies on political economy and regional studies.

Jean Gabszewicz's new book is devoted to the study of strategic multilateral exchange. Contrary to the classical competitive paradigm in which agents are assumed to behave as price takers, here traders are allowed to consciously behave as strategic agents who aim to influence trade to their own advantage. This is usually done in oligopoly theory using a partial equilibrium approach while in this case a system of interrelated markets is considered. Primarily, the book discusses the game-theoretic concept of core and the relationship between core and the set of price allocations in economies embodying significant traders is explored. The author goes on to adopt a non-cooperative approach building on the concept of Nash equilibrium. Strategic Multilateral Exchange will be welcomed by academics, advanced research scholars and doctoral students with an interest in economic theory, microeconomic theory and general equilibrium. It will also appeal to mathematical economists with an orientation in mathematical economics and game theory.

This book answers the question of how exactly property price indexes should be constructed. The formation and collapse of property bubbles has had a profound impact on the economic administration of many nations. The property price bubble that began around the mid-1980s in Japan has been called the 20th century's biggest bubble. In its aftermath, the country faced a period of long-term economic stagnation dubbed the "lost decade." Sweden and the United States have also faced collapses of property bubbles in the 20th and early 21st centuries, respectively. It has been pointed out that the "information gap" that existed between policy-making authorities and the property (including housing) and financial markets was a problem. In 2009, the IMF proposed the creation of a housing price index to the G20 in order to fill this information gap, and the proposal was adopted. Furthermore, in 2011, it was suggested that the next economic crisis would be caused by a bubble in commercial property prices, and it was decided to create a commercial property index as well. This book provides practical examples of how the theory of property price indexes can be applied to the issues of property as a non-homogenous good and a technological and environmental change.

William Mott examines the relationships between economic growth and international conflict in history and theory, developing and analyzing a set of observed empirical modern growth-conflict relationships over long periods, and presenting an explanation of the observations. After introducing the growth-conflict relationship as the unit of analysis, he identifies historical perceptions of the growth-conflict relationship from ancient times through the modern era. Mott offers an alternative theoretical construct for further investigation, and speculates about the impact of these results on orthodox political-economic theory. The results of this work carry powerful implications for national management of foreign direct investment and trade in both home countries and host nations.

The Carter administration took office at an unfortunate time as far as economics is concerned. The economy was floundering, and the oil crisis and energy problems were all too prevalent. The author explains that as Carter turned to fighting inflation, he abandoned the traditional Democratic agenda and became a forerunner of Reagan. In the end, he did not conquer inflation, but he did sacrifice his ambitious programs for restructuring government, crafting a lasting energy program, and reforming the tax structure, welfare, and health care.

This survey of portfolio theory, from its modern origins through more sophisticated, "postmodern" incarnations, evaluates portfolio risk according to the first four moments of any statistical distribution: mean, variance, skewness, and excess kurtosis. In pursuit of financial models that more accurately describe abnormal markets and investor psychology, this book bifurcates beta on either side of mean returns. It then evaluates this traditional risk measure according to its relative volatility and correlation components. After specifying a four-moment capital asset pricing model, this book devotes special attention to measures of market risk in global banking regulation. Despite the deficiencies of modern portfolio theory, contemporary finance continues to rest on mean-variance optimization and the two-moment capital asset pricing model. The term postmodern portfolio theory captures many of the advances in financial learning since the original articulation of modern portfolio theory. A comprehensive approach to financial risk management must address all aspects of portfolio theory, from the beautiful symmetries of modern portfolio theory to the disturbing behavioral insights and the vastly expanded mathematical arsenal of the postmodern critique. Mastery of postmodern portfolio theory's quantitative tools and behavioral insights holds the key to the efficient frontier of risk management.

This book demonstrates the continuing relevance of economics for understanding the world, through a restatement of the importance of plurality and heterodox ideas for teaching and research. The Great Financial Crash of 2007-8 gave rise to a widespread critique of economics for its inability to explain the most significant economic event since the 1930s. The current straightjacket of neo-classical undergraduate economic teaching and research hinders students' understanding of the world they live in. The chapters in this book provide examples to demonstrate the importance of pluralistic and heterodox ideas from across the breadth of economics. The authors' plurality of approach is indicative of the fact that economics is a much broader discipline than the dominant neo-classical orthodoxy would suggest. This volume provides undergraduate students with a range of alternative ideas and university lecturers with examples whereby the curricula have been broadened to include pluralist and heterodox ideas.

This volume takes a non-economic approach to the issue of the federal deficit. By identifying fiscal problems as merely the visible symptoms of a basic behavioral dynamic common to all people, Cole S. Brembeck undertakes a singular study of how human interests perpetuate the deficit and how, therefore, the deficit issue reflects the nature of the representation in the federal government. Solutions to the worsening deficit crisis can then be explored by shifting the primary focus away from money, budgets, and expenditures and toward people, power, and politics.

Fourteen essays discuss different aspects of the human factor in the federal debt by analyzing how members of the U.S. Congress spend public money. After establishing the relationship between money and human behavior (the psychological groundwork of the entire work), attention then turns to the human and political motivations that result in the incurring of debt and how Congress's monetary practices demonstrate the psychology of public spending. A subject that could constitute an attack on Congress receives fresh insight--rather than isolating Congress as a body with a unique propensity for spending, Brembeck acknowledges the relevant force that is a common human motivator. The work aims at redefining the central issue of the debt debate and concludes with proposals that may help to remedy the financial crisis, based on the premise that the federal debt is a human, not a fiscal, problem.

Macroeconomics: Understanding the Global Economy, 3rd Edition is to help students and indeed anyone understand contemporary and past economic events that shape the world we live in, and at a sophisticated level. But it does so without focusing on mathematical techniques and models for their own sake. Theory is taken seriously so much so that the authors go to pains to understand the key aspects of theories in a way that will not put people off before they see how theories are useful to analyse issues. The authors believe that theories are essential to better understand the world, thus the book includes a wealth of historic and current episodes and data to both see how theories can help interpret the world and also to judge their validity. Economies today are very inter-connected; what happens in China matters pretty much everywhere; and what happens in one (even small) country in the euro zone has implications for the whole euro area and beyond, consequently Macroeconomics, 3rd Edition adopts a very international focus.

This volume sheds new light on economic developments in several countries of Southeast Europe. The European Union and especially the eurozone continue to experience rhythms of fiscal crisis, as can most clearly be seen in the debt crisis in the South Periphery. Despite the fact that several measures and decisions have been taken to deal with the crisis (banking union, liquidity support from the European Central Bank), proposals to reform Europe's strategic policy in order to find a way out of the crisis have been put forward. This book explores the respective roles that specific sectors, e.g. the agricultural sector, social capital, tax policies and labour immigration, can play in this regard. The importance of international economic relations (exports, imports, FDI, exchange rates) is analysed, in order to illustrate the nature of the economic developments and the major economic difficulties these countries face.

"Money makes the world go around." From the earliest bartering systems to today's sophisticated electronic transfers of billions of dollars in a split second, systems of exchange have conferred value upon goods and services and created the economic glue that binds individuals, businesses, communities, and nations together. We use it every day, and yet most of us have little understanding of how it really works. In this volume, Mark Dobeck and Euel Elliott present a colorful history of money in its economic, political, socio-cultural, and even psychological context. The first section focuses on banks and financial institutions, and includes discussion of checks and paper money and types of banks and finance companies. The next part covers the role of currency in national sovereignty; the impact of technology on money and global finance; debt, credit, and equity; and money markets. The final chapters look at financial markets and innovation, with discussion of risk management and such controversial and timely issues as emerging investment instruments and the future of money in an electronic age. Featuring a glossary and timeline, charts and graphs, index and references, Money is an engaging introduction to this vital component of the economy.

Take your first learning steps in the essential Principles of Economics and follow in the footsteps of all leading economists! Economics touches almost every aspect of life: from climate change to terrorism, taxes to house prices, and wages to how much time one spends studying! Economics 11th edition retains the hallmarks of previous editions, providing a detailed overview of the principles of economics, showcasing how economic theories apply to real-world data, recent events, and examples. Specific features such as 'Economics in Action' and 'Economics in the News' incorporate the latest developments in Eurozone and UK policy, including Brexit and the impact of COVID-19 on the economy. The text aims at helping you think like an economist, enabling you to evaluate economic policies, understand human behaviour, develop critical thinking skills and make more informed decisions. Take your first learning steps like all leading economists once did with a course in the principles of economics, and learn to think like an economist with this comprehensive text! Personalise learning with MyLab (R) Economics. By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, MyLab Economics personalises the learning experience and improves results for each student. Parkin, Powell & Matthews, Economics (European), 11th edition PLUS MyLab Economics with eText access card Pack (9781292424767) consists of: 9781292424750 Economics, 11e (print book) 9781292424774 MyLab Economics Instant Access Card 9781292424781 MyLab Economics eText Pearson, the world's learning company. NOTE: Before purchasing, check with your instructor to confirm the correct ISBN. Several versions of the MyLab (R) and Mastering (R) platforms exist for each title, and registrations are not transferable. To register for and use MyLab or Mastering, you may also need a Course ID, which your instructor will provide. If purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson, the access codes for the MyLab platform may not be included, may be incorrect, or may be previously redeemed. Check with the seller before completing purchase.

This book analyzes the post-subprime crisis world from the global, Asian and Chinese perspectives. It dispels some of the myths about the crisis's effects on Asia and China; and exposes the ugly truth of bailout policies and their distortion and hindering of the world's economic rebalancing effort in the post-subprime era.

During the past 4 years, faith in the present financial model has been shaken in terms of policy, regulation, the financial sector itself, and exchange-rate regimes. Past and present policies of the world s most respected central banks have come under fire. Regulations that defined the system have undergone major reviews. Complicated financial instruments that provided new ways of financial intermediation have been exposed as culprits behind the financial meltdown. After 10 years of success, Europe s single currency is under threat. In short, the established financial model not only has been unable to prevent the crisis but, arguably, has been a cause of it.

There is no longer one obvious model that meets all needs. The burst of Japan s bubble was followed by two lost decades . Before a contrite Japan completely adopted Western ways of finance, the Lehman shock hit, followed by the euro crisis. Monetary policy, financial regulation and the state of the financial sector all must be reconsidered. Currencies and exchange rates make up another important aspect of finance. If the Western model of finance is discredited, does that mean the dominance of Western currencies is also eroded? What does the crisis in the euro area tell us about exchange rate regimes in general?

Clearly, a new model is needed, one that is conducive to both stability and prosperity. But who will provide it? This volume records the cumulative results of three EU Studies Institute (EUSI) conferences that have addressed these issues, and examines how Asia and Europe compare in the quest for the next financial model. While many books on Europe and Asia focus on integration and what Asia can learn from Europe, this book emphasizes mutual lessons in the common search for a new model.

EU Studies Institute

The EU Studies Institute in Tokyo (EUSI) was launched on 1 April 2009 as a consortium comprising Hitotsubashi University, Tsuda College, and Keio University. The Institute is sponsored by the European Commission for a four-and-a-half-year period. As a centre for academic education, research and outreach, it aims to strengthen EU Japan relations. Details are at http: //eusi.jp/content_en/"

Jane D'Arista is one of those towering figures who thinks way ahead of the conventional understandings. A generation ago she recognized the distorted architecture of finance and banking and described in lucid detail the reform agenda for restoring a stable and equitable system. Written in the tradition of D'Arista, the essays in this important collection point the way toward overcoming the recurrent financial disorders of our gilded age. Like Jane D Arista s work, this timely volume demands the attention of both policy experts and the politicians who must do the reconstruction.' - William Greider, author of Secrets of the Temple: How the Federal Reserve Runs the CountryThe many forces that led to the economic crisis of 2008 were in fact identified, analyzed and warned against for many years before the crisis by economist Jane D'Arista, among others. Now, writing in the tradition of D'Arista's extensive work, the internationally renowned contributors to this thought-provoking book discuss research carried out on various indicators of the crisis and illustrate how these perspectives can contribute to productive thinking on monetary and financial policies. Topics addressed include monetary policy, financial markets, financial history, liquidity, institutions and global finance, with an emphasis on the ways in which theory and policy can be applied toward the goal of a more equitable and civilized society. The book s contributors hail from across the globe and offer a range of both academic and policy-making perspectives. This fascinating book will appeal to students and scholars of economics, particularly those with an interest in international finance and banking, financial regulation, and political economy. Contributors: R.A. Blecker, P. Bond, J. Crotty, G.A. Dymski, G.A. Epstein, K. Erturk, J.K. Galbraith, R.N. McCauley, P. Mehrling, D.H. Nielson, G. OEzgur, T. Palley, E. Perez Caldentey, C. Rada, E.D. Russell, T. Schlesinger, M. Seccareccia, L. Taylor, M. Vernengo, R.H. Wade, M.H. Wolfson

Grounding its analysis in the historical evolution of financial regulation, this book addresses a range of public policy issues that concern the design of financial regulation and its enforcement, and contributes several new ideas to the debate in this field. Financial systems have become more competitive across sectors of financial institutions and nations, and direct regulations have been removed in pursuit of efficiency. However, as the risk of institutional failures has increased, de-regulation has had to be followed by re-regulation. In which form should this happen? This book answers this question. First revisiting the issue of "why to regulate", Padoa-Schioppa argues that the need to continue to regulate banks in a special way follows from their key role as liquidity providers. At the same time, his argument recognizes the need for close interplay in the regulation of different financial sectors. The book goes on to discuss "how" regulation should be carried out in the modern environment. It should be market-friendly, but the balance between official intervention and market discipline is difficult to get right. Moreover, in an increasingly international context, financial regulation has to be evenly applied across countries to avoid regulatory arbitrage. The final part of the book turns to issues specifically connected with developments in the European Union. One major issue is the maintenance of financial stability in the Euro area where the financial system is becoming especially integrated. Another major issue is the appropriate role of central banks. As the literature and practice are still very much under development, Padoa-Schioppa analyses the general aspects of the financial stability function of central banks - particularly in relation to the monetary policy and supervision functions - as well as the tools available for the Eurosystem.

The Austrian School of Economics is an intellectual tradition in economics and political economy dating back to Carl Menger in the late-19th century. Menger stressed the subjective nature of value in the individual decision calculus. Individual choices are indeed made on the margin, but the evaluations of rank ordering of ends sought in the act of choice are subjective to individual chooser. For Menger, the economic calculus was about scarce means being deployed to pursue an individual's highest valued ends. The act of choice is guided by subjective assessments of the individual, and is open ended as the individual is constantly discovering what ends to pursue, and learning the most effective way to use the means available to satisfy those ends. This school of economic thinking spread outside of Austria to the rest of Europe and the United States in the early-20th century and continued to develop and gain followers, establishing itself as a major stream of heterodox economics. The Oxford Handbook of Austrian Economics provides an overview of this school and its theories. The various contributions discussed in this book all reflect a tension between the Austrian School's orthodox argumentative structure (rational choice and invisible hand) and its addressing of a heterodox problem situations (uncertainty, differential knowledge, ceaseless change). The Austrian economists from the founders to today seek to derive the invisible hand theorem from the rational choice postulate via institutional analysis in a persistent and consistent manner. Scholars and students working in the field of History of Economic Thought, those following heterodox approaches, and those both familiar with the Austrian School or looking to learn more will find much to learn in this comprehensive volume.