This book sheds light on the nature of the late nineteenth century audit by reference to the views expressed in 26 legal cases. The treatment of late nineteenth century legal issues which might appear somewhat unbalanced, viewed from today's stand-point, is shown to be more even handed when seen against the back ground of a vigorous contemporary debate concerning all aspects of the auditors' duties. This text therefore informs readers of the full breadth of the debate, and discusses a range of issues which may since have been overlooked, such as the Kingston Cotton Mill case, 1895, normally referred to only in the context of stock valuation but which also had a great deal to say about the appropriate method for valuing fixed assets.

Willard J. Graham (1897-1966) was an important contributor to both accounting thought and education and he pioneered life-long education for executive business that is still emulated today. This volume collects 25 of his key writings which shed light on his contributions to management accounting and business education as well as the accounting profession.

Politicians and regulators do not run businesses. Bribery and Corruption is for managers who do. It will help you transform uncertainties and problems created via legislation and regulations (such as The UK Bribery Act, The Proceeds of Crime Act, The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, Sarbanes-Oxley) into opportunities to: c Maintain entrepreneurial, profitable, and enjoyable working environments while easily surpassing compliance standards c Control incoming, internal, outgoing, competitive corruption and fraud c Take decisions in grey areas, confidently Bribery and Corruption frames control and compliance in an entirely different way: not as a brake on your company's forward motion but as essential protective equipment enabling you to go faster and further in safety. Written by the world's leading practitioners in the fields of fraud prevention, detection and investigation with massive practical experience in both commercial and governmental sectors, Bribery and Corruption exposes the misconceptions, myths and corruption of the word bribery and suggests effective solutions that go well beyond simple compliance. It commits to assertive managerial rather than timorous legal solutions to anti-bribery and other laws. It explains how processes can be tested - using automated fraud detection software - to expose current cases of fraud and corruption or to provide assurance that controls are functioning optimally. It tackles the usually ignored problems of stratospheric, political, academic and media corruption, which often motivate commercial bribery. It exposes the dangers of employee to employee corruption; skulduggery by blue collar workers and lots more. Over the last 25 years, Mike Comer, occasionally writing with Tim Stephens, has been responsible for some of the most readable and influential books on fraud. Bribery and Corruption is another tour de force, complete, authoritative and yet a great pleasure to read.

The vast majority of international trade is supported by some form of trade financing: a specialized, sometimes complex form of financing that is poorly understood even by bankers and seasoned finance and treasury experts. Financing Trade and International Supply Chains takes the mystery out of trade and supply chain finance, providing a practical, straightforward overview of a discipline that is fundamental to the successful conduct of trade: trade that contributes to the creation of economic value, poverty reduction and international development, while increasing prosperity across the globe. The book suggests that every trade or supply chain finance solution, no matter how elaborate, addresses some combination of four elements: facilitation of secure and timely payment, effective mitigation of risk, provision of financing and liquidity, and facilitation of transactional and financial information flow. The book includes observations on the effective use of traditional mechanisms such as Documentary Letters of Credit, as well as an overview of emerging supply chain finance solutions and programs, critical to the financing of strategic suppliers and other members of complex supply chain ecosystems. The important role of export credit agencies and international financial institutions is explored, and innovations such as the Bank Payment Obligation are addressed in detail. Financing Trade and International Supply Chains is a valuable resource for practitioners, business executives, entrepreneurs and others involved in international commerce and trade. This book balances concept with practical insight, and can help protect the financial interests of companies pursuing opportunity in international markets.

The fourteen papers in this volume, both unpublished and originally published between 1981 and 1990 offer a comprehensive selection of G. H. Lawson's work and discuss the following: assessing economic performance ownership value creation pricing of non-competitive government contracts valuation of a business measurement of corporate performance according to cash flow.

The field of Corporate Finance has developed into a fairly complex one from its origins focussed on a company's business and financial needs (financing, risk management, capitalization and budgeting). Corporate Financial Strategy provides a critical introduction to the field and in doing so shows how organizations' financial strategies can be aligned with their overall business strategies. Retaining the popular fundamentals of previous editions, the new edition brings things up to date with an array of new examples and cases, new pedagogical features such as learning objectives and suggested further reading, and includes new material on mergers and acquisitions, and valuations and forecasting. Unlike other textbooks, Ruth Bender writes from the perspective of the firm rather than the investor. Combined with a structure driven by issues, the result is a textbook which is perfectly suited to those studying corporate finance and financial strategy at advanced undergraduate, postgraduate and executive education levels.

In The Failure and the Future of Accounting, David Hatherly rethinks accounting in the light of a financial crisis which exposed its limitations. He reminds us that in the run up to 2008 the accounts of financial institutions reported increasing profits and healthy balance sheets whilst their business models were undermining their own financial health and the economy. Accounts failed to provide appropriate feedback on business performance. This failure illustrated a general problem. There is a need in all companies for better alignment between the business model and the accounting model. To understand the performance of the business we need to know how much value is created and how value is created, who it is created for, what kind of value is created and how it is measured. Here, Professor Hatherly provides an accounting model that addresses all these questions. Coordinating business as strategy, business as a stakeholder network and business as value, the four slice (4S) accounting model overcomes the complexity and incoherence of existing accounting standards. It allows managers and shareholders to analyse the effectiveness of the business model and for management to be held to account. It prevents the misreporting of speculative gains as distributable income and therefore allows capital to be better allocated towards productive enterprise, making financial crises less likely. With its insights into both accounting and business more generally, this book is essential reading for accountants and accountancy students and for those running businesses of any description.

The main objective of this book is to provide both academics and practitioners with a global vision of the evolution of internal auditing in a fast-changing business landscape driven by digital transformation. Digital transformation has been first associated with the emergence and the development of new technologies (artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, data analytics, predictive analytics, robotic process automation, IOT, drones etc.). Beyond the technological dimensions, this transformation has several impacts on businesses, organizations and processes and raises several questions for auditing activities. This book explores how digitalization not only has an impact on the audit environment, but also on internal audit practices and methodologies, information technology (IT)/information system (IS) audit, IT governance and risk management. The auditing profession also has to face the same challenges. Auditors should develop new skills. To continue to provide high quality service in such an environment, the methodologies, the process and the tools used for conducting an audit have progressively changed from those applied to the traditional audit. Internal audit, as a key strategic function, must evolve too. Finally, the book also investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on internal auditing. The author highlights the need for a new vision and renewed forecasting tools. The post-COVID-19 business and corporate world has changed. Internal audit, as a key strategic function, must evolve too.

Management Control is the process by which managers at all hierarchical levels ensure that their strategic intentions are realized. This requires a management control system that enables managers to map external developments to the internal planning and control processes and to improve the coordination between all actors. The book offers concrete guidance on how to build an integrated planning and control system. The requirements are derived from management models and from corporate management practice. The book presents the fundamentals and models, while also guiding readers through a comprehensive simulation model programmed in Excel. Using this model, readers can trace the dependencies, structures and calculation methods used in detail, and identify the effects on other areas. The goal is to provide a design template for the implementation of a decision-relevant management accounting system as well as for winning internal piloting indicators and early warning information that readers can use at their own organizations. Given its focus, the book will be a valuable asset for managers and specialists, service providers, project developers, producers and traders, public enterprises, NGOs, consultants and lecturers in the fields of management, controllership and information technology.

Fraud: The Counter Fraud Practitioner's Handbook looks at fraud investigation methods and explores the practical options for preventing and remedying fraud. An effective fraud and financial crime strategy involves intelligence and prevention, criminal and civil legal procedures, and asset recovery, all of which may involve investigators, internal auditors, security managers, in-house and external legal counsel and advisors. Your strategy depends on the outcomes you are seeking, the nature of the fraud or crime committed and the countries involved. Fraud provides a clear picture of the role of compliance, civil and criminal legal process in any fraud strategy. Chapters then cover investigation strategies for each of the following types of fraud: benefit, health, procurement, employee, telecoms, fiscal, corporate, charity, legal and accounting. Part Three explores the practical options for fraud prevention and remediation, including both civil and criminal asset recovery. This is an essential reference for both public and private sector fraud and security specialists who need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each element of their organization's strategy against fraud and are seeking to learn from the approach of their colleagues in other industries or organizations. Written by and for practitioners, it is a handbook that deals with the knowledge, detail and the craft that underpins all effective anti-fraud work.

The factors determining the formation of accounting principles in different countries have long been studied. Cultural conditions have been identified as one of the reasons for national variations. This issue is particularly important when there is an effort to harmonise and standardise accounting principles, in order to create a uniform system, which may be adopted globally. This book explores the impact of cultural conditions on the financial reporting quality of public companies preparing financial statements according to International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). It discusses the main trends in the theory of capital and earnings in the economy. The book focuses on the relationship between the cultural dimensions under analysis, such as power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/feminity, strong uncertainty/weak uncertainty, short/ long time orientation and indulgence/restraint, and the properties of the financial results; persistence, predictive value, accrual adjustments and earnings smoothing. It identifies the determinants - cultural conditions that have a statistically material impact, either positive or negative, on various attributes of the quality of the financial results of public companies. The book contains an up-to-date, in-depth description of the financial statements of public companies, across of variety of countries and sectors. The publication is addressed to researchers and students concerned with the functioning of capital markets and financial reporting quality and those who would like to expand their knowledge in the field of behavioural finance, as well as investors in capital markets.

Over the last two decades, cost management has been an area of dynamic change and development. This is evident in the extensive inventory of new, high-profile techniques that have emerged.

With cost management now firmly established as a distinct sub-discipline within management accounting, The Routledge Companion to Cost Management is a timely reference volume covering both practical developments and research in this area. Topics covered include:

• Input cost management
• Product design
• Cost analysis and decision making
• Cost management systems
• Lessons for cost management

With chapters from an international team of contributors, this prestigious companion will prove an indispensible addition to any library with aspirations to keeping up-to-date with the world of accounting.

The primary aim of this basic book is to familiarize students in (international) English-language programmes with the basics in the fields of finance, finance management and accounting. No prior knowledge of business economics is required.

This book is user-friendly, accessible, and yet comprehensive in its approach. It takes an in-depth, integrated look at the principles of management accounting, financial accounting and finance. Examples and case studies from newspapers and professional journals encourage the practical application of the material. Study questions reinforce and test the student's understanding of the key concepts. A glossary of key terms is included at the end of each chapter. The book also contains multiple choice questions and other assignments designed to stimulate thinking about the topics that are discussed.

Further self-test materials are available at www.basicsfinancialmanagement.noordhoff.nl including interactive multiple choice questions, exercises, cases and teachers manual.

PPP/PFI contracts often share a number of features: they run over a very long period of time; they are conceived without a complete understanding of how requirements may change and despite the rhetoric they tend to create a context where dispute and litigation rather than partnership are the norm. In this environment, effective auditing is essential to ensure that projects are delivering what the end-user requires. Audits are both a public sector right, and a matter of good management sense. Performance Auditing of Public Sector Property Contracts is a practical guide to performance auditing for public sector property managers with a series of guidelines for auditors of public sector property contracts. The book concentrates on Facilities Management contracts. Lori Keating explains the basis for the process; how to retain balance, independence and rigour and how to audit intangible performance measures and other tricky areas. The book follows an audit process from commencement to conclusion, and contains a discussion of factors that contribute to the success of any audit. It is essential reading for public sector auditors, PPP project managers and contractors.

Accountable Marketing is designed to be the definitive volume on the emerging role of accountability and performance metrics in marketing. Sponsored and developed by the Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB), it provides a multi-disciplinary, international perspective on this topic of critical importance. Stewart and Gugel have curated the work of several leading marketing, finance and accounting professionals and academics on the topics of marketing accountability and financial reporting to create a volume that represents the best of MASB's work over the last few years. The book not only emphasizes the importance of accountability in the marketing function, but also creates a dialogue among academics and practitioners about the importance of marketing in driving consistent growth in the organization, and the ways in which improved methods for measuring and forecasting contribute to the effectiveness of these marketing activities. This book marks the first-ever reference point for practicing professionals, faculty and students interested in marketing accountability, the development of standards for marketing reporting, and developing stronger linkages between marketing activities and outcomes, and the financial performance of the firm.

Increasingly, employees of regulatory bodies, law enforcement agencies and others who are not trained forensic accountants or experienced investigators find themselves responsible for conducting what amount to financial investigations. An engineer who oversees the cleanup of a toxic waste site might need to track down the former owners of the site to find the polluter. Perhaps the applicable licensing agency receives a complaint that an attorney mishandled a client's money. Maybe it's the attorney who needs help finding the assets with which a client's former spouse has absconded. Training in investigation techniques tends to be very limited for many employees. Training on how to find information without incurring significant expense is virtually nonexistent. This book helps fill the void. An Introduction to Internet-Based Financial Investigations will help anyone who conducts financial investigations as part of their job to reduce their dependence on trial and error by showing them where and how to look. Using clear sections describing how to approach an investigation, including the ethical perspective; what to look for and what you find; what free and low cost internet resources are available to support investigations; and how to assemble and present the results of investigations, Kimberly Goetz guides students and beginning investigators through the complex world of financial investigations.

So long as there are weaknesses that can be exploited for gain, companies, other organizations and private individuals will be taken advantage of. This theoretically-based but hugely practical book focuses on what is generally seen as financial or economic crime: theft, fraud, manipulation, and corruption. Petter Gottschalk considers how, in some competitive environments, goals can 'legitimise' all kinds of means, and how culture can exert a role in relation to what is seen as acceptable or unacceptable behaviour by individuals. In Investigation and Prevention of Financial Crime he addresses important topics including organized crime, money laundering, cyber crime, corruption in law enforcement agencies, and whistleblowing, and provides expert advice about strategies for the use of intelligence to combat financial crime. The uniqueness of his approach to the subject lies in the way he is able to explain intelligence and intelligence processes in the wider context of knowledge and knowledge management. The numerous case studies throughout the book illustrate the 'policing' of financial crime from an intelligence, knowledge management and systems perspective. Law enforcers, lawyers, security personnel, consultants and investigators, as well as those in auditing and accountancy and with responsibilities for containing risk in banks, other financial institutions and in businesses generally, will find this an invaluable source of practical guidance. The book will also be of interest to advanced students and researchers in criminology and police science.

At a time when unacceptable risk taking is rightly condemned, how can organizations still benefit from the upside of risk? Can risk still be good? Written by an author who has managed risk, teaches about risk, but most importantly of all has researched the theory of risk, this book will help senior executives dial up the right level of risk within their organizations in order to enhance performance. There are many risk management techniques that are known to work and risk management has logged many successes, but that doesn't mean managers understand why they work, how and why risks arise, and how organizations can be shaped strategically to optimize the benefits of well-judged business risks. Dr Les Coleman argues that finance and management risk has been a theory-free zone, similar to medicine in the Middle Ages, when physicians were aware of surgical techniques and medicines that worked, but did not know why and were impotent in the face of systemic illness. Today risk managers face much the same situation: They know of techniques that work such as audits, controls and procedure guides. Nevertheless, they rarely anticipate, much less prevent, serious failures. They have no comprehensive knowledge framework for targeting optimum risk levels. This timely book fills some of that gap with an outline of the nature and sources of risk in firms. It sets out a body of risk knowledge to support its management, particularly at the corporate level, in much the same way that our understanding of human physiology and the physical sciences support modern medical and engineering techniques. The reader will learn, for example, how risk attitudes and outcomes flow through an organization and about creative techniques such as asset-liability management. In this area of corporate finance so critical for executives and directors, Risk Strategies will help responsible CFOs and other senior managers, together with teachers and students of management, extend their knowledge and risk management skills.

This 25th edition of Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting includes articles from a diverse group of expert authors. Subjects covered explore many aspects across professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, including balancing values vs profits, whistleblowing, earnings management, ethical financial reporting, and moral identity.

Boards and business leaders expect their key advisors to deliver fresh insights, and increasingly expect them to demonstrate foresight. To achieve what is expected, it is crucial to understand the dynamics of conversations in the boardroom and around the audit committee table. This book provides those unique perspectives. The journey from the 'mailroom to the boardroom' follows the story of a young banker who moved into the internal auditing profession as part of the 'new breed', then rose through the ranks into senior leadership and chief audit executive roles, before assuming audit committee and board roles that had an immense influence on governance, risk, compliance, and audit professionals. Success does not always follow a smooth and uneventful trajectory, and this story reflects insights from both the ups and the downs of the journey. Each chapter shares insights, better practices, case studies, practical examples, and real-life challenges and draws them together into 101 building blocks, each one providing crucial career-long learnings. The storytelling provides insights to people at all levels on the importance of positioning oneself to step into leadership roles, helps them understand how to evaluate and pursue potential career growth opportunities, provides tips on how to holistically manage and advance their career, and inspires higher-level thinking that enhances governance, risk, compliance and audit practices.

Many people in organizations resent internal control and risk management; these two processes representing unwelcome tasks to be completed for the benefit of auditors and regulators. Over the last few years this perception has been heightened by the disastrous implementation of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which is generally regarded as having been too expensive for the benefits it has brought. This important book offers a way of improving this prevailing perception and increasing the value of control and risk management by bringing creativity and design skills to the fore. The value of risk and control activities is often limited by the value of the control ideas available and so Matthew Leitch provides an arsenal of 60 high performance control mechanisms. These include several alternative ways to design controls and control systems, as well as providing controls for monitoring and audit, controls for accelerated learning, and techniques for finding and recovering cash. This design material is combined with insights into the psychology of risk control, strategies for encouraging helpful behaviour and enabling change, and a surprisingly simple integration of internal control with risk management. The book is realistic, practical, original, and easier reading than most in the field. The material is not specific to any one country and has international appeal for internal auditors and all those concerned with risk management, corporate governance and security.

Information technology auditing and Sarbanes-Oxley compliance have several overlapping characteristics. They both require ethical accounting practices, focused auditing activities, a functioning system of internal control, and a close watch by the board s audit committee and CEO. Written as a contribution to the accounting and auditing professions as well as to IT practitioners, IT Auditing and Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance: Key Strategies for Business Improvement links these two key business strategies and explains how to perform IT auditing in a comprehensive and strategic manner.

Based on 46 years of experience as a consultant to the boards of major corporations in manufacturing and banking, the author addresses objectives, practices, and business opportunities expected from auditing information systems. Topics discussed include the concept of internal control, auditing functions, internal and external auditors, and the responsibilities of the board of directors.

The book uses several case studies to illustrate and clarify the material. Its chapters analyze the underlying reasons for failures in IT projects and how they can be avoided, examine critical technical questions concerning information technology, discuss problems related to system reliability and response time, and explore issues of compliance.

The book concludes by presenting readers with a "what if" scenario. If Sarbannes-Oxley legislation had passed the U.S. Congress in the late 1990s or even 2000, how might this have influenced the financial statements of Enron and Worldcom? We can never truly know the answer, but if companies make use of the procedures in this book, debacles such as these and those which led to the 2007-2008 credit and banking crisis will remain a distant memory.

This book provides a concise overview of the current context and types of public sector audit and the varied structures within which public sector audit is practised across the world. It summarises the objectives of public sector audit as well as explores the role of the International Organisation of Supreme Audit Institutions in providing guidance to these. Drawing on public and private sector audit as well as the views of academics and practitioners on public sector audit, it provides a unique research-based guide to the current issues and future challenges in the field.

Focusing on research that examines both individual and organizational behavior relative to accounting, Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research provides an in-depth analysis and exchange of peer-reviewed knowledge across all areas of accounting behavioral research and the development, discussion, and expansion of theories from psychology, sociology, and related disciplines. From the effects of organizational commitment, the impact of stressors on performance, and responses to narcissism to the effects of auditor familiarity and the examination of personality traits, chapters in Volume 26 compile innovative and new explorations into the behavioral aspects of accounting and auditing. Working on both the individual and organizational level, this collection is essential reading for accounting students and educators, providing a unique, interdisciplinary forum with valuable insights on practice for those working in the field to better understand accounting domains.

"How can you argue with the core principles of Lean, that you focus on what provides value to your customer and eliminate work that is not necessary (muda)? Internal auditors need to understand not only who their primary customers are, but what is valuable to them - which in most cases is assurance that the risks that matter to the achievement of objectives are properly managed. We need to communicate what they need to know and not what we want to say. This incessant focus on the customer and the efficient production of a valued product should extend to every internal audit team. How else can we ensure that we optimize the use of our limited resources to address the dynamic business and risk environment within which our organizations operate?" Norman Marks, GRC Thought Leader Using lean techniques to enhance value add and reduce waste in internal auditing Lean Auditing is a practical guide to maximising value and efficiency in internal audit through the application of lean techniques. It is an ideal book for anyone interested in understanding what progressive, value adding audit can be like. It is also ideal for anyone wondering whether audit activities can be streamlined or better co-ordinated with other activities. The book contains practical advise from the author's experience as CAE of AstraZeneca PLC; from his work as a consultant specializing in this field; as well as insights from leading CAEs in the UK, US and elsewhere. In addition, there are important insights from thought leaders such as Richard Chambers (IIA US) and Norman Marks (GRC thought leader) and Chris Baker (Technical Manager of the IIA UK). Increasing pressure on resources is driving a need for greater efficiency in all areas of business, and Internal Audit is no exception. Lean techniques can help streamline the workflow, but having only recently been applied to IA, lack the guidance available for other techniques. Lean Auditing fills this need by combining expert instruction and actionable advice that helps Internal Auditors: * Benchmark their efficiency against lean ways of working * Understand warning signs of waste and lower added value * Understanding practical ways of working that improve added value and reduce waste * Gain confidence about progressive ways of working in internal audit * Understand how improved ways of working in audit can positively impact the culture of the wider organization One of the keys to the lean audit is finding out exactly what the stakeholder wants, and eliminating everything else. Scaling back certain operations can delineate audit from advisory, and in the process, dramatically improve crucial outcomes. To this end, Lean Auditing is the key to IA efficiency.