Imagine mathematics, imagine with the help of mathematics, imagine new worlds, new geometries, new forms. This book is intended to contribute to grasping how much that is interesting and new is happening in the relationships between mathematics, imagination and culture. With a look at the past, at figures and events, that help to understand the phenomena of today. It is no coincidence that this volume contains an homage to the great Italian artist of the 1700s, Andrea Pozzo, and his perspective views. Theatre, art and architecture are the topics of choice, along with music, literature and cinema. No less important are applications of mathematics to medicine and economics. The treatment is rigorous but captivating, detailed but full of evocations, an all-embracing look at the world of mathematics and culture

Invited Speakers.- Two new techniques for generating exactly incompressible approximate velocities.- Role of High-End Computing in Meeting NASA#x2019;s Science and Engineering Challenges.- Recent Advances of Multi-phase Flow Computation with the Adaptive Soroban-grid Cubic Interpolated Propagation (CIP) Method.- Schemes.- On the Computation of Steady-State Compressible Flows Using a DG Method.- Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Large Amplitude Nonlinear Water Waves.- A discontinuous Galerkin method with Hancock-type time integration for hyperbolic systems with stiff relaxation source terms.- Very High Order, Non-Oscillatory Fluctuation Distribution Schemes.- High-order residual distribution: discontinuity capturing crosswind dissipation and diffusion.- High-Order Fluctuation-Splitting Schemes for Advection-Diffusion Equations.- Construction of Higher Order Residual Distribution Schemes.- Stable and convergent residual distribution for time-dependent conservation laws.- An ALE Formulation of the Multidimensional Residual Distribution Scheme for Computations on Moving Meshes.- Solution of the steady Euler equations using Fluctuation Splitting schemes on quadrilateral elements.- A Residual-Based Compact Scheme for All-Speed Flows on Unstructured Grids.- Vorticity Preserving Scheme for Unsteady Compressible Flows.- Extension of the SD Method to Viscous Flow on Unstructured Grids.- Strictly Stable High Order Difference Methods for the Compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations.- Uniform Flow Preserving Property of High Order Upwind Finite Difference Schemes on Generalized Coordinate System.- Implementation of an Enhanced Flux Formulation for Unsteady Navier-Stokes Solutions.- Computation of Eigenspaces of Hyperbolic Systems.- A Proposed Cure to the Carbuncle Phenomenon.- The High Order WLSQR Scheme and its Applications in Turbomachinery.- Building Better (Weighted) ENO Methods.- Discontinuity Diagnosis Essentially Non-Oscillatory Schemes.- Third Order Reconstruction on Unstructured Highly Irregular 3D Meshes.- An Intrinsically Multi-Dimensional Acoustics Convection Upstream Resolution Algorithm for the Euler Equations.- Multi-dimensional Limiting Process for Two- and Three-dimensional Flow Physics Analyses.- A Multidimensional Kinetic Upwind Method for Euler Equations.- High Resolution Quantum Kinetic Beam Schemes and Its Applications to Ideal Quantum Gas Dynamical Flows.- Semi-GLS Stabilization of FEM Applied to Incompressible Flows with Higher Reynolds Numbers.- Finite volume box scheme for a certain class of nonlinear conservation laws in mixed form.- Numerical study of the Colocated Clustered Finite Volume Scheme.- Arbitrary High Order Finite Volume Schemes on Unstructured Meshes.- Algorithms.- A high scalability parallel algebraic multigrid solver.- Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov Methods: Issues and Solutions.- Non-stationary two-stage relaxation based on the principle of aggregation multi-grid.- The efficient and accurate solution of porous media flow problems with strongly discontinuous coefficients.- Stability of Pressure-Correction Algorithms for Low-Speed Reacting and Non-Reacting Flow Simulations.- A simple hybrid well-balanced method for a 2D viscous shallow water model.- A kinetic energy-preserving P1 iso P2/P1 finite-element method for computing unsteady incompressible flows.- Study on the segregation algorithms of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using P1P1/P2P1 finite element formulation.- A Mach-uniform algorithm: coupled versus segregated approach.- Crank-Nicolson Scheme for Solving Low Mach Number Unsteady Viscous Flows Using an Implicit Preconditioned Dual Time Stepping Technique.- Heated Wake by Deferred Corrected ULTRA.- Convergence Acceleration for Euler Equation based on SPR.- Acceleration of Unsteady Incompressible Flow Calculation Using Extrapolation Methods.- Improved Numerical Simulations of Incompressible Flows Based on Viscous/Inviscid Interaction Procedures.- AMR - Adaptive mesh

This book treats graph colouring as an algorithmic problem, with a strong emphasis on practical applications. The author describes and analyses some of the best-known algorithms for colouring arbitrary graphs, focusing on whether these heuristics can provide optimal solutions in some cases; how they perform on graphs where the chromatic number is unknown; and whether they can produce better solutions than other algorithms for certain types of graphs, and why. The introductory chapters explain graph colouring, and bounds and constructive algorithms. The author then shows how advanced, modern techniques can be applied to classic real-world operational research problems such as seating plans, sports scheduling, and university timetabling. He includes many examples, suggestions for further reading, and historical notes, and the book is supplemented by a website with an online suite of downloadable code. The book will be of value to researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in the areas of operations research, theoretical computer science, optimization, and computational intelligence. The reader should have elementary knowledge of sets, matrices, and enumerative combinatorics.

The Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) and the Bavarian Competence Network for Technical and Scienti?c High Performance Computing (KONWIHR) publish in the present book results of numerical simulations facilitated by the High P- formance Computer System in Bavaria (HLRB II) within the last two years. The papers were presented at the Fourth Joint HLRB and KONWIHR Review and - sult Workshop in Garching on 8th and 9th December 2009, and were selected from all progress reports of projects that use the HLRB II. Similar to the workshop two years ago, the majority of the contributed papers belong to the area of computational ?uid dynamics (CFD), condensed matter physics, astrophysics, chemistry, computer sciences and high-energy physics. We note a considerable increase of the user c- munity in some areas: Compared to 2007, the number of papers increased from 6 to 12 in condensed matter physics and from 2 to 5 in high-energy physics. Bio s- ences contributed only one paper in 2007, but four papers in 2009. This indicates that the area of application of supercomputers is continuously growing and entering new ?elds of research. The year 2007 saw two major events of particular importance for the LRZ. First, after a substantial upgrade with dual-core processors the SGI Altix 4700 superc- puter reached a peak performance of more than 62 Tera?op/s. And second, the n- pro?t organization Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e. V. (GCS) was founded on April 13th.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in simulation on supercomputers. Leading researchers present results achieved on systems of the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) for the year 2012. The reports cover all fields of computational science and engineering ranging from CFD via computational physics and chemistry to computer science with a special emphasis on industrially relevant applications. Presenting results for both vector-systems and micro-processor based systems the book allows to compare performance levels and usability of various architectures. As HLRS operates not only a large cluster system but also one of the largest NEC vector systems in the world this book gives an excellent insight also into the potential of vector systems. The book covers the main methods in high performance computing. Its outstanding results in achieving highest performance for production codes are of particular interest for both the scientist and the engineer. The book comes with a wealth of coloured illustrations and tables of results.

The book presents the state-of-the-art in high performance computing and simulation on modern supercomputer architectures. It covers trends in high performance application software development in general and specifically for parallel vector architectures. The contributions cover among others the field of computational fluid dynamics, physics, chemistry, and meteorology. Innovative application fields like reactive flow simulations and nano technology are presented.

This unique textbook/reference presents unified coverage of bioinformatics topics relating to both biological sequences and biological networks, providing an in-depth analysis of cutting-edge distributed algorithms, as well as of relevant sequential algorithms. In addition to introducing the latest algorithms in this area, more than fifteen new distributed algorithms are also proposed. Topics and features: reviews a range of open challenges in biological sequences and networks; describes in detail both sequential and parallel/distributed algorithms for each problem; suggests approaches for distributed algorithms as possible extensions to sequential algorithms, when the distributed algorithms for the topic are scarce; proposes a number of new distributed algorithms in each chapter, to serve as potential starting points for further research; concludes each chapter with self-test exercises, a summary of the key points, a comparison of the algorithms described, and a literature review.

The idea of this monograph is to present the latest results related to experimental and numerical investigations of advanced materials and structures. The contributions cover the field of mechanical, civil and materials engineering, ranging from new modelling and simulation techniques, advanced analysis techniques, optimization of structures and materials and constitutive modelling. Well known experts present their research on damage and fracture of material and structures, materials modelling and evaluation up to image processing and visualization for advanced analyses and evaluation.

The book is the follow-up to its predecessor "Automation, Communication and Cybernetics in Science and Engineering 2009/2010" and includes a representative selection of all scientific publications published between 07/2011 and 06/2012 in various books, journals and conference proceedings by the researchers of the following institute cluster: IMA - Institute of Information Management in Mechanical Engineering ZLW - Center for Learning and Knowledge Management IfU - Associated Institute for Management Cybernetics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Innovative fields of application, such as cognitive systems, autonomous truck convoys, telemedicine, ontology engineering, knowledge and information management, learning models and technologies, organizational development and management cybernetics are presented.

The aim of the book is to present for non-specialist researchers as well as for experts a comprehensive overview of the background, key ideas, basic methods, implementation details and a selection of solutions offered by a novel technology for the optimisation of the location of dangerous offshore activities in terms of environmental criteria, as developed in the course of the BalticWay project. The book consists of two parts. The first part introduces the basic principles of ocean modeling and depicts the long way from the generic principles to the practical modeling of oil spills and of the propagation of other adverse impacts. The second part focuses on the techniques for solving the inverse problem of the quantification of offshore areas with respect to their potential to serve as a source of environmental danger to vulnerable regions (such as spawning, nursing or also tourist areas). The chapters are written in a tutorial style; they are mostly self-contained and understandable for non-specialist researchers and students. They are carefully peer-reviewed by international experts. The goal was to produce a book that highlights all key steps, methods, models and data sets it is necessary to combine in order to produce a practically usable technology and/or decision support system for a particular sea region. Thus the book is useful not only as a description and a manual of this particular technology but also as a roadmap highlighting the complicated technical issues of ocean modeling for practical purposes. It describes the approaches taken by the authors in an understandable way and thus is useful for educational purposes, such as a course in industrially and environmentally relevant applications of ocean modeling.

This volume contains selected papers in three closely related areas: mathematical modeling in mechanics, numerical analysis, and optimization methods. The papers are based upon talks presented on the International Conference for Mathematical Modeling and Optimization in Mechanics, held in Jyvaskyla, Finland, March 6-7, 2014 dedicated to Prof. N. Banichuk on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The articles are written by well-known scientists working in computational mechanics and in optimization of complicated technical models. Also, the volume contains papers discussing the historical development, the state of the art, new ideas, and open problems arising in modern continuum mechanics and applied optimization problems. Several papers are concerned with mathematical problems in numerical analysis, which are also closely related to important mechanical models. The main topics treated include: * Computer simulation methods in mechanics, physics, and biology; * Variational problems and methods; minimization algorithms; * Optimal control problems with distributed and discrete control; * Shape optimization and shape design problems in science and engineering; * Sensitivity analysis and parameters optimization of complex systems.

This volume contains the articles presented at the 20th International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) organized, in part, by Sandia National Laboratories and was held in Paris, France on Oct 23-26, 2011. This is the first year the IMR was held outside the United States territory. Other sponsors of the 20th IMR are Systematic Paris Region Systems & ICT Cluster, AIAA, NAFEMS, CEA, and NSF. The Sandia National Laboratories started the first IMR in 1992, and the conference has been held annually since. Each year the IMR brings together researchers, developers, and application experts, from a variety of disciplines, to present and discuss ideas on mesh generation and related topics. The topics covered by the IMR have applications in numerical analysis, computational geometry, computer graphics, as well as other areas, and the presentations describe novel work ranging from theory to application.

R is a powerful and free software system for data analysis and graphics, with over 5,000 add-on packages available. This book introduces R using SAS and SPSS terms with which you are already familiar. It demonstrates which of the add-on packages are most like SAS and SPSS and compares them to R's built-in functions. It steps through over 30 programs written in all three packages, comparing and contrasting the packages' differing approaches. The programs and practice datasets are available for download. The glossary defines over 50 R terms using SAS/SPSS jargon and again using R jargon. The table of contents and the index allow you to find equivalent R functions by looking up both SAS statements and SPSS commands. When finished, you will be able to import data, manage and transform it, create publication quality graphics, and perform basic statistical analyses. This new edition has updated programming, an expanded index, and even more statistical methods covered in over 25 new sections.

This book assumes the students know some of the basic facts about Calculus. We are very rigorous and expose them to the proofs and the ideas which produce them. In three chapters, this book covers these number systems and the material usually found in a junior-senior advanced Calculus course. It is designed to be a one-semester course for "talented" freshmen. Moreover, it presents a way of thinking about mathematics that will make it much easier to learn more of this subject and be a good preparation for more of the undergraduate curriculum.

This comprehensive collection of lectures by leading experts in the field introduces and reviews all relevant computer simulation methods and their applications in condensed matter systems. Volume 1 is an in-depth introduction to a vast spectrum of computational techniques for statistical mechanical systems of condensed matter. Volume 2 is a collection of state-of-the-art surveys on numerical experiments carried out for a great number of systems.

This book presents selected papers from the 3rd International Workshop on Computational Engineering held in Stuttgart from October 6 to 10, 2014, bringing together innovative contributions from related fields with computer science and mathematics as an important technical basis among others. The workshop discussed the state of the art and the further evolution of numerical techniques for simulation in engineering and science. We focus on current trends in numerical simulation in science and engineering, new requirements arising from rapidly increasing parallelism in computer architectures, and novel mathematical approaches. Accordingly, the chapters of the book particularly focus on parallel algorithms and performance optimization, coupled systems, and complex applications and optimization.

Those interested in state of the art in computational fluid dynamics will find this publication a valuable source of reference. The contributions are drawn from The International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ICCFD) held in 2004. The conference is staged every two years and brings together physicists, mathematicians and engineers who review and share recent advances in mathematical and computational techniques for modeling fluid dynamics.

The fascinating correspondence between Paul Levy and Maurice Frechet spans an extremely active period in French mathematics during the twentieth century. The letters of these two Frenchmen show their vicissitudes of research and passionate enthusiasm for the emerging field of modern probability theory. The letters cover various topics of mathematical importance including academic careers and professional travels, issues concerning students and committees, and the difficulties both mathematicians met to be elected to the Paris Academy of Sciences. The technical questions that occupied Levy and Frechet on almost a daily basis are the primary focus of these letters, which are charged with elation, frustration and humour. Their mathematical victories and setbacks unfolded against the dramatic backdrop of the two World Wars and the occupation of France, during which Levy was obliged to go into hiding. The clear and persistent desire of these mathematicians to continue their work whatever the circumstance testifies to the enlightened spirit of their discipline which was persistent against all odds. The book contains a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the central topics of the correspondence. The original text of the letters is also annotated by numerous footnotes for helpful guidance. Paul Levy and Maurice Frechet will be useful to anybody interested in the history of mathematics in the twentieth century and, in particular, the birth of modern probab ility theory.

Mastication Robotics: Biological Inspiration to Implementation is the first book in the special field of masticatory robots for applications including foods texture analysis, dental training and speech therapy. It is a collection of the efforts we have made in the field at Massey University, New Zealand. The book provides a thorough review of the human masticatory system, and presents principles, analysis, design, simulations and experiments of a number of masticatory robots developed by the authors. This book is a valuable reference for researchers, engineers and graduates in the field of robotics, mechatronics, automatic control, artificial intelligence and food sciences.

Over the last decades Discrete Event Simulation has conquered many different application areas. This trend is, on the one hand, driven by an ever wider use of this technology in different fields of science and on the other hand by an incredibly creative use of available software programs through dedicated experts. This book contains articles from scientists and experts from 10 countries. They illuminate the width of application of this technology and the quality of problems solved using Discrete Event Simulation. Practical applications of simulation dominate in the present book. The book is aimed to researchers and students who deal in their work with Discrete Event Simulation and which want to inform them about current applications. By focusing on discrete event simulation, this book can also serve as an inspiration source for practitioners for solving specific problems during their work. Decision makers who deal with the question of the introduction of discrete event simulation for planning support and optimization this book provides a contribution to the orientation, what specific problems could be solved with the help of Discrete Event Simulation within the organization.

This book is a self-contained, tutorial-based introduction to quantum information theory and quantum biology. It serves as a single-source reference to the topic for researchers in bioengineering, communications engineering, electrical engineering, applied mathematics, biology, computer science, and physics. The book provides all the essential principles of the quantum biological information theory required to describe the quantum information transfer from DNA to proteins, the sources of genetic noise and genetic errors as well as their effects. Integrates quantum information and quantum biology concepts; Assumes only knowledge of basic concepts of vector algebra at undergraduate level; Provides a thorough introduction to basic concepts of quantum information processing, quantum information theory, and quantum biology; Includes in-depth discussion of the quantum biological channel modelling, quantum biological channel capacity calculation, quantum models of aging, quantum models of evolution, quantum models on tumor and cancer development, quantum modeling of bird navigation compass, quantum aspects of photosynthesis, quantum biological error correction.

This book explores the impact of augmenting novel architectural designs with hardware-based application accelerators. The text covers comprehensive aspects of the applications in Geographic Information Science, remote sensing and deploying Modern Accelerator Technologies (MAT) for geospatial simulations and spatiotemporal analytics. MAT in GIS applications, MAT in remotely sensed data processing and analysis, heterogeneous processors, many-core and highly multi-threaded processors and general purpose processors are also presented. This book includes case studies and closes with a chapter on future trends. Modern Accelerator Technologies for GIS is a reference book for practitioners and researchers working in geographical information systems and related fields. Advanced-level students in geography, computational science, computer science and engineering will also find this book useful.

Residual Stress, Thermomechanics& Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems, Volume 9 of the Proceedings of the 2015SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, the ninth volume of nine from the Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on a wide range of areas, including: Inverse Methods Inverse Methods in Plasticity Varying Length Scales Harsh Environments Opto-Acoustical Methods Hybrid Experimental Residual Stress Modelling and Advances in Measurements Thermomechanics General Material Response Infrared Imaging

This proceedings volume collects review articles that summarize research conducted at the Munich Centre of Advanced Computing (MAC) from 2008 to 2012. The articles address the increasing gap between what should be possible in Computational Science and Engineering due to recent advances in algorithms, hardware, and networks, and what can actually be achieved in practice; they also examine novel computing architectures, where computation itself is a multifaceted process, with hardware awareness or ubiquitous parallelism due to many-core systems being just two of the challenges faced. Topics cover both the methodological aspects of advanced computing (algorithms, parallel computing, data exploration, software engineering) and cutting-edge applications from the fields of chemistry, the geosciences, civil and mechanical engineering, etc., reflecting the highly interdisciplinary nature of the Munich Centre of Advanced Computing.

This book gathers a selection of invited and contributed lectures from the European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications (ENUMATH) held in Lausanne, Switzerland, August 26-30, 2013. It provides an overview of recent developments in numerical analysis, computational mathematics and applications from leading experts in the field. New results on finite element methods, multiscale methods, numerical linear algebra and discretization techniques for fluid mechanics and optics are presented. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers looking for a state-of-the-art overview of advanced techniques, algorithms and results in numerical mathematics and scientific computing.