Tissue Engineering, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive volume that integrates a wide spectrum of methods required to implement current and future progress in tissue engineering. Leading experts in various disciplines provide examples of recent advances in tissue engineering-related methodologies. Authors present authoritative discussions on topics including in vitro expansion of tissue cells by conditional proliferation; stem cell engineering using transducible Cre recombinase; skeletal stem cells for tissue engineering; synthetic hydrogel matrices for guided bladder tissue regeneration; artificial skin; artificial pancreas; cardiomyocytes from human and mouse embryonic stem cells; and biological scaffolds for heart valve tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering, Second Edition, supplies an understanding of diverse technologies and methods used to drive tissue engineering into a clinical reality. The knowledge contained in this volume represents the impressive progress made in the decade that tissue engineering has rapidly evolved.

Prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination is one of the most significant achievements of modern medicine. During the 20th century, the average human life span in the developed world was about 70 years and it is expected to increase, with a significant portion of this increase directly attributed to vaccination. Since the first empiric vaccination trials, knowledge and technology have enormously evolved and new vaccination strategies are emerging on the market. Indeed, in spite of the great success, conventional vaccination strategies sometimes may result ineffective and, above all, may raise safety concerns. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of some of the technology platforms that have been realized or are currently under development to try to address unsolved and new issues in the field of vaccine development. Common denominator of all thematic areas described herein is the multidisciplinary teamwork. Most of the enabling technologies have been established by putting in the "melting pot" expertise in fields that, at first glance, may appear very far apart. I hope that this collection of articles will make the readers aware that vaccinology is rapidly taking a new direction, ceasing to be an empirical science.

Investigation of the mechanisms of cellular response to different mechanical stimuli, as well as mechano-electrical feedback (MEF) in the intact heart is one of the main topics in fundamental and clinical cardiology. The present volume of "Mechanosensitivity in Cells and Tissues: Mechanosensitivity of the Heart" c- bines excellent reviews written by worldwide leaders in this ?eld. The 3rd volume is a great addition to this excellent series of books edited by Andre Kamkin and Irina Kiseleva. This volume successfully combines reviews, aimed at academic, physiology and clinical cardiology communities, devoted to mechanosensitivity of the normal and diseased heart at the ion channel, cell, tissue and organ levels. Kamkin and Kiseleva have made signi?cant contributions to the investigation of mechanosentive ion channels in cardiomyocytes and ?broblasts. Their ba- ground, in addition to extensive collaborations helped them to ?nd and consolidate valuable research ?ndings from prominent specialists in the ?eld of cardiac mechanosensitivity. In the last decade, interest in the role of MEF in the heart has increased sign- cantly. MEF within cardiac tissue is a complex phenomenon in which electroph- iological changes are triggered by myocardial stretch. This phenomenon has been studiedintheclinicalcommunityforoveracenturyandmayhavebothpro-rhythmic and arrhythmogenic consequences. While signi?cant advances have been made in understanding of the effects of mechanical forces on cardiac cells, many questions remain regarding the mechanisms whereby mechanical forces are transduced into changes which alter the behavior of various cardiac cells.

Despite all the jokes about the poor quality of physician handwriting, physician adoption of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) in hospitals still lags behind other industries' use of technology. As of the end of 2010, less than 22% of hospitals had deployed CPOE. Yet experts claim that this technology reduces over 80% of medication errors and could prevent an estimated 522,000 serious medication errors annually in the US. Even though the federal government has offered $20 billion dollars in incentives to hospitals and health systems through the 2009 stimulus (the ARRA HITECH section of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009), many organizations are struggling to implement advanced clinical information systems including CPOE. In addition, industry experts estimate that the healthcare industry is lacking as many as 40,000 persons with expertise in clinical informatics necessary to make it all happen by the 2016 deadline for these incentives. While the scientific literature contains numerous studies and stories about CPOE, no one has written a comprehensive, practical guide like Making CPOE Work. While early adopters of CPOE were mainly academic hospitals, community hospitals are now proceeding with CPOE projects and need a comprehensive guide. Making CPOE Work is a book that will provide a concise guide to help both new and experienced health informatics teams successfully plan and implement CPOE. The book, in a narrative style, draws on the author's decade-long experiences of implementing CPOE at a variety of academic, pediatric and community hospitals across the United States.

This handbook covers Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems, which enable the storage, management, and sharing of massive amounts of demographic, diagnosis, medication, and genomic information. It presents privacy-preserving methods for medical data, ranging from laboratory test results to doctors' comments. The reuse of EMR data can greatly benefit medical science and practice, but must be performed in a privacy-preserving way according to data sharing policies and regulations. Written by world-renowned leaders in this field, each chapter offers a survey of a research direction or a solution to problems in established and emerging research areas. The authors explore scenarios and techniques for facilitating the anonymization of different types of medical data, as well as various data mining tasks. Other chapters present methods for emerging data privacy applications and medical text de-identification, including detailed surveys of deployed systems. A part of the book is devoted to legislative and policy issues, reporting on the US and EU privacy legislation and the cost of privacy breaches in the healthcare domain. This reference is intended for professionals, researchers and advanced-level students interested in safeguarding medical data.

In this volume, scientists and practitioners write about new methods and technologies for improving the operation of health care organizations. Statistical analyses play an important role in these methods with the implications of simulation and modeling applied to the future of health care. Papers are based on work presented at the Second International Conference on Health Care Systems Engineering (HCSE2015) in Lyon, France. The conference was a rare opportunity for scientists and practitioners to share work directly with each other. Each resulting paper received a double blind review. Paper topics include: hospital drug logistics, emergency care, simulation in patient care, and models for home care services.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Since the publication of the popular first edition, the explosion of DNA sequence information, the access to bioinformatics and mutation databases coupled with the ability to readily detect and confirm mutations has cemented the role of molecular diagnostics in medicine and, in particular, mutation detection by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In PCR Mutation Detection Protocols, Second Edition, expert researchers bring the subject up-to-date with key protocols involving the PCR and its many various incarnations such as SSCP, CSGE, and dHPLC. The volume also addresses key areas such as Southern blotting, accurate diagnostics with high throughput, as well as microarray systems. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include brief introductions their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes which provide the often hard to find information that may mean the difference between the success and failure of the method. Authoritative and cutting-edge, PCR Mutation Detection Protocols, Second Edition aims to stimulate postgraduate scientists, researchers, and clinicians already engaged in the area and to provide an important first step for those new to this practice wanting to adopt the powerful and essential technique in their own laboratories.

This book covers topics that range from fundamental studies of DNA replication, chromosomal and nuclear function through growth factor control of endocrine tumor initiation and progression. The basic and translational insights gained from Hormonal Control of Cell Cycle will be of interest to those studying the biology of endocrine tumors as well as those deriving novel therapeutic approaches for these benign and malignant disorders.

"Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals" can be said to have been born of the NUTRA-SNACKS project within the Sixth Framework Programme Priority on Food Quality and Safety. One objective of NUTRA -SNACK S was to improve the nutritional and eating properties of ready-to-eat products and semi-prepared foodstuffs through better monitoring of the quality and safety of raw materials and the development of innovative processes along the production chain. Another main objective of the project was the production of ready-to-eat snacks with high nutraceutic activity. Seven research institutes and three companies in six European countries were involved in this effort. The co-operation resulted in the production of food having a high content of natural metabolites with the following beneficial health effects: anticancer, antilipidemic, anticholesterol, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antihypertensive, anti-inflamatory and antioxidant activities.

Part I The Nano-Scale Biological Systems in Nature; Molecular bio-motors in living cells - by T. Nishizaka; The form designed by viral genome - by K. Onodera; Part II Detection and Characterization Technology; Atomic force microscopy applied to nano-mechanics of the cell - by A. Ikai; Design, synthesis and biological application of fluorescent sensor molecules for cellular imaging - by K. Kikuchi; Dynamic visualization of cellular signaling - by Q. Ni and J. Zhang; Part III Fabrication Technology; Surface acoustic wave atomizer and electrostatic deposition - by Y. Yamagata; Electrospray deposition of biomolecules by V.N. Morozov; Part IV Processing Technology; Droplet handling - by T.Torii; Integrated microfluidic systems - by S. Kaneda and T. Fujii; Part V Applications; A novel non-viral gene delivery system: Multifunctional envelope-type nano device - by H. Hatakeyama, H. Akita, K. Kogure, and H. Harashima; Biosensors - by M. Saito, H.M. Hiep, N. Nagatani, and E.Tamiya; Micro bioreactors - by Sato and T. Kitamori

This handbook provides insights into becoming a better and more evolved athlete. It offers aspiring athletes, regardless of skill level, a better understanding of their bodies and how to unlock the unlimited potential of muscles without injury. It focuses on the "superhero" muscle: the iliopsoas, and also sheds light on Diamond-Corporation's new technology and elite athleticism, and how these can contribute to a healthier life. Lastly, the authors explore the mindset of success and provide exercises for remaining calm under pressure. This stand-alone book is the sequel to Paradigm Shift for Future Tennis and Enhancing Performance and Reducing Stress in Sport (2014, Springer). This book is written by scientists, whose expertise collectively spans the fields of biomechanics, clinical surgery, current and former elite athleticism, engineering and naturopath doctoral work. Together, they aim to inspire and educate athletes on how to improve their sports performance by using new technologies, world class biomechanics knowledge and ancient herbal medicines.

The pace of new research and level of innovation repeatedly introduced into the field of drug delivery to the lung is surprising given its state of maturity since the introduction of the pressurized metered dose inhaler over a half a century ago. It is clear that our understanding of pulmonary drug delivery has now evolved to the point that inhalation aerosols can be controlled both spatially and temporally to optimize their biological effects. These abilities include controlling lung deposition, by adopting formulation strategies or device technologies, and controlling drug uptake and release through sophisticated particle technologies. The large number of contributions to the scientific literature and variety of excellent texts published in recent years is evidence for the continued interest in pulmonary drug delivery research. This reference text endeavors to bring together the fundamental theory and practice of controlled drug delivery to the airways that is unavailable elsewhere. Collating and synthesizing the material in this rapidly evolving field presented a challenge and ultimately a sense of achievement that is hopefully reflected in the content of the volume.

For many years, the authors have investigated the adaptive role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in different animals, including the representatives of homothermic and poikilothermic organisms that inhabit regions with contrasting thermal conditions. This book will summarize the data accumulated in the course of these studies and describe the general molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of various organisms to aggressive environments. We also concentrate on different evolutionary trends characteristic for HSP systems in the course of adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions. In addition, we describe the peculiarities in the regulatory regions of heat shock genes necessary for fine tuning of these systems providing the adaptation to adverse conditions. Special emphasis is given to the role of mobile elements in the evolution and functioning of various groups of HSP genes. The book combines the results of field studies and laboratory analysis of stress genes systems.

Resistance to chemotherapy, and especially multi-drug resistance, represents a significant barrier to the successful treatment of cancer. This multi-author volume brings together a wide range of up-to-date reviews on different aspects of our knowledge of drug-resistance mechanisms, written by experts in the different areas. Particular attention is paid to recently discovered mechanisms relating to oncogene expression and in particular to proteins involved in regulation and execution of apoptosis. Other important topics covered include DNA repair, topoisomerases, cell cycle control, oxygenation and vascularisation of tumours, LRP, intermediate filament proteins and low-level resistance. Recent developments in understanding the role of efflux pumps (P-170, MRP) in multi-drug resistance are also reviewed. This book will be useful to clinicians and scientists working in the areas of chemotherapy, drug resistance, DNA repair and apoptosis research.

Streptococci are Gram-positive bacteria that cause a wide spectrum of diseases, such as pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, as well as rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease as sequelae. Antibiotics alone have not been able to control the disease and in spite of many efforts an effective vaccine is not yet available. A prerequisite for novel and successful strategies for combating these bacteria is a complete understanding of the highly complex pathogenic mechanisms involved, which are analyzed in this volume. In ten chapters, prominent authors cover various aspects including streptococcal diseases and global burden, epidemiology, adaptation and transmission, and molecular mechanisms of different diseases, as well as sequelae, vaccine development and clinical management. This book will serve as a valuable reference work for scientists, students, clinicians and public health workers and provide new approaches to meeting the challenge of streptococcal diseases.

Circumcision affects 15.3 million children and young adults annually. In terms of gender, 13.3 million boys and 2 million girls are subjected to the involuntary removal of part or all of their external sexual organs every year. The problem of female circumcision has been addressed on an international level, but male circumcision remains a controversial subject that many academics have been reluctant to examine. Circumcision is tolerated today because it has been practiced for millennia by a small but vocal minority of religious and ethnic groups, however, when the practice is examined through the lens of modern legal, ethical, and human rights advancements, no place remains in civilized society for this body-altering ritual. In Genital Autonomy: Protecting Personal Choice, international experts address various types of genital modifications, the impact of these harmful traditional practices on the child, on human rights, and on the development of the concept of bodily integrity. The papers presented in this volume address these topics from a variety of angles. They question and dissects the true motivations of the doctors, witch doctors, and "holy men" who promote and profit from circumcision.

Clinical Trials and Tribulations evaluates the multiple layers of complexities around research management, also exploring current practices, challenges and future directions. The book provides answers to readers questions and problems through extensive use of real-world examples, case studies and lessons learned. Following an approach to provide pragmatic viewpoints as well as concepts and methodologies and its alignment with specific practices, the book explores paradigms between planning and conducting research in academia vs. healthcare vs. industry in the UK vs. Europe vs. America. It highlights practical solutions to real-world complex issues that have been documented by independent regulators. This will be an indispensable book for all staff working in clinical research within healthcare, academia and industry, as well as students intending to work in clinical trials.

The technique of in situ hybridization is now vital to molecular biologists and their understanding of the pathophysiology of cellular functions. This practical guide covers all aspects of in situ hybridization, describing: practical procedures and protocols; the scientific background; areas of application; and the limitations of the technology. This edition has been completely rewritten to take into acocunt the many advances in the seven years since its initial publication.

Lessons from Animal Diabetes is a broad compendium of international research in experimental diabetes to which the authors have contributed reviews with original information and discussion. It is a valuable resource for medical researchers (both MD and PhD) and for diabetologists whose activities lie at the crossroads of endocrinology, immunology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, pathology and metabolism. It is also a rich and useful reference source for graduate students in these fields. Veterinary scientists and pharmaceutical investigators testing therapeutic modalities in animals with predetermined diabetes or diabetes induced by cytotoxic or nutritional factors will also be interested in reading this volume. This is the sixth volume of a series which comprises invited reviews on subjects of contemporary interest both in IDDM and NIDDM. The contributors to the IDDM section have dealt with the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and its role as antigen, the involvement of macrophages, cytokines and retroviruses in the pathogenesis of diabetes, molecular genetics of IDDM as well as new perceptions of the unified mechanisms leading to the final B-cell death as a result of cytotoxic and immune agents. There is also a section dealing with Transgenic Constructs, the new animal models rising in importance in the research of diabetes and its related phenomena. The articles devoted to this topic range from effects of B-cell function to immunomodulatory alterations and diabetic complications. The contributors to the section on the NIDDM syndrome, comprising 10 articles, deal both with new and recognized models including the spontaneously diabetic OLETF rat, Chinese hamsters, Goto-Kakizaki rats, db/db mice, rhesus monkeys, dogs, Zucker fa/fa and corpulent cp/cp rat interstrains. This book will be a valuable asset for diabetologists, endocrinologists, physiologists, veterinary scientists, pharmaceutical investigators, and graduate students.

This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.

This book highlights recent advances in the field of biomaterials design and the state of the art in biomaterials applications for biomedicine. Addressing key aspects of biomaterials, the book explores technological advances at multi-scale levels (macro, micro, and nano), which are used in applications related to cell and tissue regeneration. The book also discusses the future scope of bio-integrated systems. The contents are supplemented by illustrated examples, and schematics of molecular and cellular interactions with biomaterials/scaffolds are included to promote a better understanding of the complex biological mechanisms involved in material-to-biomolecule interactions. The book also covers factors that govern cell growth, differentiation, and regeneration in connection with the treatment and recovery of native biological systems. Tissue engineering, drug screening and delivery, and electrolyte complexes for biomedical applications are also covered in detail. This book offers a comprehensive reference guide for multi-disciplinary communities working in the area of biomaterials, and will benefit researchers and graduate students alike.

This volume provides a transdisciplinary and translational review of many of the leading murine models used to study the mechanisms, mediators and biomarkers linking energy balance to cancer. It provides a review of murine models that should be of interest to basic, clinical and applied research investigators as well as nutrition scientists and students that work in cancer prevention, cancer control and treatment. The worldwide obesity pandemic has been extensively studied by epidemiologic and observational studies and even, in some cases, by randomized controlled trials. However, the development and control of obesity, its comorbidities and its impact on cancer usually occurs over such long periods that it is difficult, if not impossible to conduct randomized controlled trials in humans to investigate environmental contributions to obesity, energy balance and their impact on cancer. In contrast, model organisms, especially mice and rats, provide valuable assets for performing these studies under rigorously controlled conditions and in sufficient numbers to provide statistically significant results. In this volume, many of the leading and new murine models used to study the mechanisms and mediators linking cancer with obesity, sleep, exercise, their modification by environment and how they may continue to be used to further elucidate these relations as well as to explore preclinical aspects of prevention and/or therapeutic intervention are considered. This volume provides an important compilation and analysis of major experimental systems and principles for further preclinical research with translational impact on energy balance and cancer.

Polymer Based Drug Delivery Systems; E. Piskin. Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Microencapsulation; S. Benita. Recent Advances in Nanoparticles and Nanospheres; J. Kreuter. Evaluation and Formulation of Biodegradable Levodopa Microspheres Using 32 Factorial Design; B. Arica, et al. Surface-Modified Phospholipid-Stabilized Emulsions as Targeted Systems for Inhibition of Metastatic Cancer; M.J. Groves, X. Gao. Physical Characterization and Stability of a Microemulsion for Potential Oral Administration of a Peptide; A. Turkyilmaz, et al. Urea Permeation through Complex Coacervate Membranes; S. Peker, et al. Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis, Screening and Characterization; I. Gursel, N.G. Alaeddinoglu. Antibiotic Release from Biodegradable PHV Microparticles; D. Sendil, et al. Drug Carrier Systems for Biotechnology Derived Products; F. OEner. Tissue Engineering of Liver; Y.M. Elcin. An In-depth Characterization of BHK Cell Lines; A. Stacey, et al. Investigation of Biological and Polymeric Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy; H. Zareie, et al. The Future Potential for the Use of Adjuvants in Human Vaccines; D. Stewart-Tull. 11 Additional Articles. Index.