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Books > Medicine > General issues > Public health & preventive medicine > Medical screening
Taking us to the cutting edge of the new frontier of medicine, a visionary biotechnologist and a pathbreaking researcher show how we can optimize our health in ways that were previously unimaginable. We are on the cusp of a major transformation in healthcare—yet few people know it. At top hospitals and a few innovative health-tech startups, scientists are working closely with patients to dramatically extend their “healthspan”—the number of healthy years before disease sets in. In The Age of Scientific Wellness, two visionary leaders of this revolution in health take us on a thrilling journey to this new frontier of medicine. Today, most doctors wait for clinical symptoms to appear before they act, and the ten most commonly prescribed medications confer little or no benefit to most people taking them. Leroy Hood and Nathan Price argue that we must move beyond this reactive, hit-or-miss approach to usher in real precision health—a form of highly personalized care they call “scientific wellness.” Using information gleaned from our blood and genes and tapping into the data revolution made possible by AI, doctors can catch the onset of disease years before symptoms arise, revolutionizing prevention. Current applications have shown startling results: diabetes reversed, cancers eliminated, Alzheimer’s avoided, autoimmune conditions kept at bay. This is not a future fantasy: it is already happening, but only for a few patients and at high cost. It’s time to make this gold standard of care more widely available. Inspiring in its possibilities, radical in its conclusions, The Age of Scientific Wellness shares actionable insights to help you chart a course to a longer, healthier, and more fulfilling life.
Screening for disease has become a widely accepted concept in health care. Screening in Disease Prevention takes a critical look at the practice of screening throughout the various stages of life. The book highlights three current challenges: the increasing consumer, media and commercial focus on health in general and screening in particular; providing accurate and understandable information; and tackling the continuing variation in the uptake of screening between different areas of the country and different socio-economic groups. Screening in Disease Prevention is important reading for public health professionals, particularly those involved in screening programmes. Policy makers and shapers, medical researchers, pressure groups and support organisations for people with screenable conditions will also find it a valuable reference.
'This book gives plenty of examples of ad hominem attacks, intimidation, slander, threats of litigation, deception, dishonesty, lies and other violations of good scientific practice. For some years I kept a folder labeled Dishonesty in breast cancer screening on top of my filing cabinet, storing articles and letters to the editor that contained statements I knew were dishonest. Eventually I gave up on the idea of writing a paper about this collection, as the number of examples quickly exceeded what could be contained in a single article.' From the Introduction The most effective way to decrease women's risk of becoming a breast cancer patient is to avoid attending screening. Mammography screening is one of the greatest controversies in healthcare, and the extent to which some scientists have sacrificed sound scientific principles in order to arrive at politically acceptable results in their research is extraordinary. In contrast, neutral observers increasingly find that the benefit has been much oversold and that the harms are much greater than previously believed. This groundbreaking book takes an evidence-based, critical look at the scientific disputes and the information provided to women by governments and cancer charities. It also explains why mammography screening is unlikely to be effective today. All health professionals and members of the public will find these revelations disturbingly illuminating. It will radically transform the way healthcare policy makers view mammography screening in the future. 'If Peter Gotzsche did not exist, there would be a need to invent him ...It may still take time for the limitations and harms of screening to be properly acknowledged and for women to be enabled to make adequately informed decisions. When this happens, it will be almost entirely due to the intellectual rigour and determination of Peter Gotzsche.' From the Foreword by Iona Heath, President, RCGP 'If you care about breast cancer, and we all should, you must read this book. Breast cancer is complex and we cannot afford to rely on the popular media, or on information from marketing campaigns from those who are invested in screening. We need to question and to understand. The story that Peter tells matters very much.' From the Foreword by Fran Visco, President, National Breast Cancer Coalition
New Frontiers of Cardiovascular Screening using Unobtrusive Sensors, AI, and IoT provides insights into real-world problems in cardiovascular disease screening that can be addressed via AI, IoT and wearable based sensing. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) are surpassing CDS and emerging as the foremost cause of death. Hence, early screening of CVDs using wearable and other similar sensors is an extremely important global problem to solve. The digital health field is constantly changing, and this book provides a review of recent technology developments, offering unique coverage of processing time series physiological sensor data. The authors have developed this book with graduate and post graduate students in mind, making sure they provide an accessible entry point into the field. This book is particularly useful for engineers and computer scientists who want to build technologies that work in real world scenarios as it provides a practitioner's view/insights /tricks of the trade. Finally, this book helps researchers working on this important problem to quickly ramp up their knowledge and research to the state-of-the-art.
We all want to be healthier, stronger and live longer, but what really works? From stress to saturated fats, HIIT to HRT, veganism to vitamins, This Book Could Save Your Life debunks the fads and explores the real science of better health. What's the best way to lose weight (and keep it off)? How can you ensure a good night's sleep? What are the real superfoods? How can you minimise the risks of getting diabetes, cancer or Alzheimer's? And how can you slow the ageing process? Cutting through confusing statistics and terrifying headlines, here is the truth about dieting, drugs, 10,000 steps a day, bacon, calorie-counting, coffee, dairy, sleep, fibre, hangovers, salt, sugar, cardio, sunscreen, statins, vitamins, and much more. Full of the latest research and ground-breaking evidence, packed with useful advice, this book really could save your life.
The presentation of mental illness at work has different implications and consequences depending on the specific nature of the job, work context, regulatory framework and risks for the employee, organisation and society. Naturally there are certain occupational groups where human factors and/or mental illness could impair safety and mental acuity, and with potentially devastating consequences. For pilots, the medical criteria for crew licensing are stipulated by regulatory aviation authorities worldwide, and these include specific mental illness exclusions. The challenge of assessment for mental health problems is, however, complex and the responsibility for psychological screening and testing falls to a range of different specialists and groups including AMEs (authorised aviation medical examiners), GPs and physicians, airline human resources departments, psychologists, human factor specialists and pilots themselves. Extending and developing the ideas of Aviation Mental Health (2006), which described a range of psychological issues and problems that may affect pilots and the consequences of these, this book presents an authoritative, comprehensive and practical guide to modern, evidence-based practice in the field of mental health assessment, treatment and care. It features contributions from experts in the field drawn from several countries, professions and representing a range of aviation-related organisations, displaying a range of different skills and methods that can be used for the clinical assessment of pilots and in relation to specific mental-health problems and syndromes.
In this era of managed health care and a focus on quality, the appropriate use of quick and cost-ef?cient screening methods has become critical in the assessment process. From brain injury to dementia, occupational therapists working with adults with neurological difficulties must be able to efficiently use various screening methods to pinpoint deficits and determine how they affect a client's daily functioning. This update of the classic text is a functional, easy-to-understand instruction manual describing the most common screening methods for clients with neurological disorders. 10 primary areas of neurologic screening are presented: 1. Cognition 2. Vision 3. Perception 4. Sensation 5. Peripheral nerve function 6. Motor function (including deep tendon re?ex function) 7. Basal ganglia and cerebellar function (balance, postural control, automated movements) 8. Cranial nerve function 9. Dysphagia 10. Mental status. Each chapter includes functional implications of impairment, screening procedures, red flags (signs and symptoms), available in-depth assessments, and screening forms. Step-by-step instructions and extensive photographs guide clinicians through the screening process. Designed to allow therapists to easily identify possible impairment, document identi?ed dysfunction, and determine if further in-depth evaluation is warranted, this bestselling text is a valuable reference tool for students to take from the classroom to the clinic.
Designed as an aid to students in Genetics counseling classes and professionals interested in honing their skills, Facilitating the Genetic Counseling Process will guide the reader through the why's and how's of assisting clients with these complex issues. The authors' collective years of both teaching students and counseling clients is reflected in the clear, practical approach of this manual.
It has been close to six decades since Watson and Crick discovered the structure of DNA and more than ten years since the human genome was decoded. Today, through the collection and analysis of a small blood sample, every baby born in the United States is screened for more than fifty genetic disorders. Though the early detection of these abnormalities can potentially save lives, the test also has a high percentage of false positives-inaccurate results that can take a brutal emotional toll on parents before they are corrected. Now some doctors are questioning whether the benefits of these screenings outweigh the stress and pain they sometimes produce. In Saving Babies?, Stefan Timmermans and Mara Buchbinder evaluate the consequences and benefits of state-mandated newborn screening - and the larger policy questions they raise about the inherent inequalities in American medical care that limit the effectiveness of this potentially life - saving technology. Drawing on observations and interviews with families, doctors, and policy actors, Timmermans and Buchbinder have given us the first ethnographic study of how parents and geneticists resolve the many uncertainties in screening newborns. Ideal for scholars of medicine, public health, and public policy, this book is destined to become a classic in its field.
This book provides a concise, yet comprehensive overview of cancer risks in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as the screening modalities used to reduce these risks. Each chapter presents a major malignancy that patients with IBD are at risk from, stemming from the disease itself or from the medications used to treat the disease. Malignancies covered include colorectal cancer, skin cancer, lymphoma, and other cancers. Cancer risk and screening with current and emerging drug therapies are also discussed. Written by experts in the field, Cancer Screening in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Guide to Risk Management and Techniques is a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, and primary care physicians who treat and manage patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
You are what you eat. Food and diet have an enormous influence on your health and well-being, but eating the right amount of the right things - and not too much of the wrong things - isn't easy. But, as in most walks of life, knowledge is power. This book will empower you to eat healthily, lose weight, and sort the fads from the science facts. This is the New Scientist take on a New Year, New You book: an eye-opening and myth-busting guide to everything from sugar to superfoods, from fasting to eating like a caveman and from veganism to your gut microbiome. Forget faddy diet books or gimmicky exercise programs, this is what is scientifically proven to make you live longer and to be healthier and happier.
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a determinant of bone health. Phenotype, age, race, gender, activity level and overall health status all affect BMD. Recent research has shown that early pregnancy loss could be associated with bone mineral density. Reduced bone mass, bone density and consequently the pathological conditions, osteopenia and osteoporosis, represent significant health problems and contribute to disability, mortality, and reduced health related quality of life among older women and men. This book examines disorders that affect bone density, such as rickets and osteomalacia, and discusses screening and treatment options available for these and other bone disorders.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American women. Although cardiovascular-related deaths significantly outnumber breast cancer deaths, breast cancer is arguably the most feared diagnosis among American women. Great strides have been made to heighten public awareness of breast cancer, with particular emphasis on early detection with mammography. Breast radiologists regularly witness the extreme anxiety that just the thought of being diagnosed with breast cancer can cause a patient. This anxious anticipation is often heightened by a lack of knowledge about what to expect from the process of breast imaging evaluation, which is frustrating for both patient and practitioner and can negatively affect the experience. Physicians often encounter patients who have little or no understanding of the reasoning behind the examination or procedure about to be performed-sometimes even up to the day of their breast cancer surgery. Furthermore, most women who undergo breast evaluations will not be diagnosed with cancer. The incidence of breast cancer is only 125.3 per 100,000 women (or 3-6 in every 1,000 screenings), however, symptoms of benign breast abnormalities are quite common and impact many more lives. Accurately diagnosing these non-cancerous conditions can alleviate much anxiety, in addition to helping patients towards a correct treatment plan. The Breast Test Book is a straightforward guide to the process of radiologic breast evaluations. Based on the most current scientific research and best standards of clinical practice, it will help debunk myths, shed light on misinformation, and provide clear facts about what women should expect from these screenings. This improved understanding will ultimately allow patients to play more active roles in their own care and, in the event that a diagnosis is made, give them confidence in their treatment.
This issue of Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, edited by Mack T. Ruffin IV, MD, MPH and Cameron G. Shultz PhD, MSW, is devoted to Preventive Medicine. Articles in this issue include Risk Assessment Approach Screening; Substance Use and Tobacco Screening; Sexually Transmitted Infections; Planned Pregnancy; Violence Screening; Breast Cancer Screening; Lung Cancer Screening; Colorectal Cancer Screening; Prostate Cancer Screening; Heart Disease Screening; Screening for Depression; and Use of Genetic Markers.
Cancer screening is a prominent strategy in cancer control in the United States, yet the ability to correctly interpret cancer screening data eludes many researchers, clinicians, and policy makers. This open access primer rectifies that situation by teaching readers, in simple language and with straightforward examples, why and how the population-level cancer burden changes when screening is implemented, and how we assess whether that change is of benefit. This book provides an in-depth look at the many aspects of cancer screening and its assessment, including screening phenomena, performance measures, population-level outcomes, research designs, and other important and timely topics. Concise, accessible, and focused, Assessment of Cancer Screening: A Primer is best suited to those with education or experience in clinical research or public health in the United States - no previous knowledge of cancer screening assessment is necessary. This is the first text dedicated to cancer screening theory and methodology to be published in 20 years.
Discover essential skills to liberate yourself from persistent anxiety about your health. Are you constantly worrying about your health, or the health of a loved one? Do you frequently check yourself for lumps, bumps, tingling, or pain? Do you find yourself endlessly looking up symptoms on the internet? Perhaps you find yourself asking others for reassurance or validation that you're okay, obsessing over health scares in the media, or monitoring your blood pressure on an hourly basis? No matter how your health anxiety manifests, it can be a crippling psychological burden. Endlessly ruminating about illness and death can affect all aspects of life--at home, work, school, as well as the doctor's office. And if you're obsessing over the health of a loved one, that can put tremendous pressure on the relationship. In Freedom from Health Anxiety, nationally recognized anxiety expert Karen Lynn Cassiday teaches you skills to conquer health anxiety, once and for all. You'll learn to switch from focusing on worst-case scenarios to appreciating the joy of the present moment--regardless of health status. Using a blend of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), positive psychology, and the author's "learned inhibition" model, you'll finally acquire the tools you need to take charge of your fear and break the cycle of stressing over your--or your loved one's--well-being. You'll also learn effective methods for tolerating health uncertainty, getting in touch with your body's cues, and rediscovering the pleasure of the present. It's time to find freedom from the obsessive fears that stand between you and true happiness. If you're ready to trade endless hours of online self-diagnosis (Goodbye, Dr. Google!) for a life filled with a genuine appreciation for each moment, this book will show you the way.
This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, Guest Edited by Anthony Odibo and David Krantz, will feature article topics such as: Screening for Chromosomal abnormalities; Cystic fibrosis screening; The role of second-trimester screening, in the post-first trimester screening era; Modifying risk for Aneuploidy with second-trimester ultrasound after a positive serum screen; Cost-effectiveness of Down syndrome screening paradigms; Biochemical and biophysical screening for the risk of Preterm delivery; Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis; Prenatal testing for infectious disease, Thrombophilias, Preeclampsia, Neural Tube Defects; Management of Multiple Pregnancy; Genetic Counseling Issues in Down syndrome Screening; First Trimester Ultrasound Markers; Quality Control of Nuchal Translucency; Clinical Implications of First Trimester Screening; Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes after Positive Screening; First Trimester Combined Screening: Instant Risks Approach.
The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins provides an in-depth look at the involvement and role of amino acids and proteins in molecular nutrition. Editor Dominique Dardevet has assembled a collection of chapters written by leading researchers and top professors that provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of amino acids and proteins. The book provides an introduction to the fundamentals of amino acids and proteins as well as the composition of food. It then delves into the molecular biology of the cell and genetic machinery and its function. The Molecular Nutrition of Amino Acids and Proteins also features reference guides for terms and bullet-point summaries, making it readily accessible to novices while still providing the most up-to-date and detailed information that experienced researchers need.
Breast Cancer Screening: Making Sense of Complex and Evolving Evidence covers broad aspects of breast cancer screening specifically focusing on current evidence, emerging evidence, and issues that will be critical for future breast screening practice such as tailored screening and shared decision-making in breast screening. The scope of the book is relevant to a global audience. This book provides balanced perspectives on this increasingly controversial topic, using scientific evidence to explain the evolution of knowledge relating to breast cancer screening. Breast Cancer Screening covers the key points related to this debate including the context of increasingly complex and conflicting evidence, divergent opinions on the benefits and harms of breast screening, and variability in screening practice and outcomes across settings around the world.
In 2013, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) estimated that about 1.5 million veterans required mental health care, including services for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). MDD is a debilitating mental illness related to reduced quality of life and productivity, and increased risk for suicide. VA also plays a role in suicide prevention. This book begins with a brief overview of the public health framework for suicide prevention, which forms the basis for both the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention and the VHA's approach to suicide prevention. The book discusses suicide surveillance; suicide risk factors and protective factors; suicide prevention interventions; potential issues for Congress; VA's data on veterans with MDD, including those prescribed an antidepressant; the extent that veterans with MDD who are prescribed antidepressants receive recommended care and the extent to which VA monitors such care; and the quality of data VA requires VAMCs to collect on veteran suicides.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, with diabetic retinopathy (DR) remaining the most common cause of eye disease for people with diabetes. Current guidelines state that all patients with diabetes should be screened for retinal problems. Diabetic Retinopathy, second edition, offers a practical, clinically focused guide to DR. Featuring 20 concise chapters this resource covers the basics of diabetes mellitus and ocular anatomy, why screening is required, the epidemiology and nature of diabetic retinopathy, as well as associated ocular diseases. It has been fully updated to include the latest trial data and newest developments in the management of diabetic retinopathy, as well as three new chapters covering patients of concern, imaging techniques in diabetic retinopathy, and an overview of treatment strategies for diabetic eye disease. Part of the Oxford Diabetes Library series, this pocketbook is a concise companion for professionals involved in screening and treating diabetic retinopathy.
The Covid 19 pandemic took the world by surprise. Even those advanced countries with a well-established healthcare infrastructure were caught out by the speed that the virus spread and took hold. As a new virus, very little was known about its properties, how it was spread, and the short and long-term effects on health. The death toll was growing fast. The world needed answers, and fast. What was clear from the beginning was that existing healthcare structures were not adequate to manage the situation. Every country reacted in different ways. In Pakistan, The Punjab Government deployed "Smart Lockdown" as a policy to limit the Corona epidemic in March 2020. The essential services of the Patient-Doctor physical visit posed the risk of spreading the Corona epidemic. However, in addition to the growing numbers was a real danger that people rushing to the medical facilities (Hospital and Family Doctors) to obtain advice for suspected Corona virus symptoms, could have flooded the Government hospitals and private clinics. No matter what the crisis, in the moment of most need a solution presented itself. This is the story of what happened. |
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