PB28. Very Fast Drying. Semi-Opaque. Excellent Lightfastness. Average Oil Content.

Introduced at about the same time as Ultramarine, Cobalt Aluminate is a synthetic inorganic spinel (i.e. a very high-fired metal compound). It is a more greenish blue than the latter, with a heavier, more mineral appearance when neat. The hues formed from it are correspondingly heavier and greyer. But it has a certain downright shade which the cheaper Ultramarine cannot quite match. The paint film when dry is quite soft.

Schmincke’s Medium W allows oil colors to be mixed with water instead of with turpentine and linseed oil. Brushes and painting tools that have been used with Medium W mixed oils can be cleaned with soap and water. Medium W should be mixed with oil paints in a 1 part medium to 2 parts oil ratio using a palette knife or a spatula. Water can then be added to the mixture to thin the paint and, if necessary, more Medium W.

Medium W increases the gloss and transparency of paints and harmonises drying process. This odourless, low solvent additive will reduce the mess and smell of oil painting. When mixed with oils and water the alkyd resin in Medium W will undergo a shift in color, however oils will be restored to their original brilliance and vibrancy on drying.

Pure, brilliant white. Possesses the highest opacity and tinting power of all white colours.

Pigment: Titanium dioxide, Zinc oxideCI number: PW6, PW4

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Light, delicate greenish yellow which can hardly be obtained by mixing, made from inorganic pigments.

Pigment: Rutil (Ni, Ti, Sb) Spinel (Co, Zn)CI number: PY 53-PG 19

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

The classic brilliant, green-tinged yellow in oil colouring. Mixes well with translucent cyan; produces clear, semi-transparent green shades.

Pigment: MonoazoyellowCI number: PY3

Lightfastness: ****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Brilliant opaque yellow with high tinting power.

Pigment: Cadmium-zincsulphideCI number: PY35

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

The lighter and yellow variant of dark Naples Yellow.

Pigment: Chromium-antimonytitanium yellow, Rutil-nickeltin-titanium

CI number: PBr24, PY53

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Warm, finely translucent brownish orange.

Pigment: Red iron oxide-Hydrated iron oxideCI number: PR 101/PY 42

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Corresponds to the basic colour magenta in subtractive colour mixture, produces a very good glaze effect. Produces brilliant, translucent violet shades when mixed with translucent cyan.

Pigment: Quinacridone roseCI number: PR122

Lightfastness: ****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Finely translucent colour, bluer than magenta. In ancient times, purple was obtained by means of a complicated process from the gland of a snail, and was much sought-after as a particularly valuable dye for artists' colours.

Pigment: QuinacridoneCI number: PV 19

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Corresponds to the basic colour cyan in the subtractive colour mixture; very good glaze effect. Produces brilliant, translucent violet shades when mixed with magenta and brilliant, semi-translucent green shades when mixed with lemon yellow.

Pigment: Phthalocyanine blueCI number: PB 15:3

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Finely translucent, very pure blue with a red tinge. In the Middle Ages, ultramarine was obtained from the semi-precious stone lapis lazuli. Not until the first third of the 19th century was it possible to produce ultramarine by synthetic means.

Pigment: Ultramarine blueCI number: PB 29

Lightfastness: ****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Dark green with good glaze effect. Similar to Dutch pink, which was obtained from the unripe berries of the milkwort.

Pigment: Indanthrone blue-Azo-nickel complexCI number: PB 60/PY 150

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Imitation of the prime Terra Verde earths from Baldo near Verona, which are no longer available. Ideal for producing the “Verdaccio” effect, the green priming coat applied to the main areas in portrait colouring.

Pigment: Hydrated chromium-oxide green-Red iron oxideCI number: PG 18/PR 101

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Imitation of the particularly brilliant Sienna earths, which are virtually unobtainable today, with selected ferrous oxides.

Pigment: Hydrated iron oxide-Red iron oxideCI number: PY 42/PR 101

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Natural earth with a highly pronounced brown tinge, low tinting power. Results from the weathering of magnesium-iron-silicates.

Pigment: Earth pigmentCI number: PBr 7

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

This warm, brownish red was found on the mural colourings in Pompeii. It is darker than Terra Pozzuoli.

Pigment: Red iron oxideCI number: PR 101

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Dark, warm, red-tinged ochre pigmented with a natural earth from Germany.

Pigment: Earth pigmentCI number: PY 42/PY 43

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Imitation of the ochre which was much sought-after in ancient times, using modern ferrous oxides. Semi-opaque to semi-translucent. Fiery golden yellow in glazes.

Pigment: Hydrated iron oxide CI number: PY 42

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Pigmented with a natural earth. When burned, the umbers lose water of crystallisation and their grain size increases. This results in increased opacity and a shift in the shade towards a deep reddish brown with high tinting power.

Pigment: Earth pigmentCI number: PBr 7

Imitation of the colour which was formerly obtained from fine-washed brown coal, using highly stable pigments. The original colour was similarly unstable to asphalt. A translucent, deep blackish brown.

Pigment: Perylene-Red iron oxide-Lamp blackCI number: PR 179/PR 101/PBk 7

Light stone grey, a “neutral” grey for the beholder.

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Semi-opaque grey with green tinge, without black pigment.

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Greenish, semi-transparent grey. Specially developed to produce the Italian masters’ famous “sfumato” – a fine grey mist which was applied to portraits, for example, in order to lend them a softer look.

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the Mussini artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.

Renaissance Gold: highly opaque yellow warm gold shade, genuine bronze pigment

Pigment: Bronze

Lightfastness: *****

On the basis of many years of scientific experience in the field of artists' colours, Schmincke continues to use a broad and diverse scope of artists' oils, which it combines with the most suitable natural dammar resin from Palembang, Indonesia. The amount of dammar resin which is added in colloidal solution depends on the oil requirements of the pigment concerned. The use of different variants of linseed oil purified by means of highly sophisticated processes also predominates in the MUSSINI artists' resin-oil-colours.The microscopic evaporation pores enable oxygen to penetrate more effectively into the inner layers, thus providing for more even drying of the surface and inner layers. This, in turn, reduces the danger of wrinkling and surface tension during the drying process.