This book covers the device physics of semiconductor lasers in five chapters written by recognized experts in this field. The volume begins by introducing the basic mechanisms of optical gain in semiconductors and the role of quantum confinement in modern quantum well diode lasers. Subsequent chapters treat the effects of built-in strain, one of the important recent advances in the technology of these lasers, and the physical mechanisms underlying the dynamics and high speed modulation of these devices. The book concludes with chapters addressing the control of photon states in squeezed-light and microcavity structures, and electron states in low dimensional quantum wire and quantum dot lasers.
The book offers useful information for both readers unfamiliar with semiconductor lasers, through the introductory parts of each chapter, as well as a state-of-the-art discussion of some of the most advanced semiconductor laser structures, intended for readers engaged in research in this field. This book may also serve as an introduction for the companion volume, Semiconductor Lasers II: Materials and Structures, which presents further details on the different material systems and laser structures used for achieving specific diode laser performance features.

* Introduces the reader to the basics of semiconductor lasers
* Covers the fundamentals of lasing in semiconductors, including quantum confined and microcavity structures
* Beneficial to readers interested in the more general aspects of semiconductor physics and optoelectronic devices, such as quantum confined heterostructures and integrated optics
* Each chapter contains a thorough introduction to the topic geared toward the non-expert, followed by an in-depth discussion of current technology and future trends
* Useful for professionals engaged in research and development
* Contains numerous schematic and data-containing illustrations

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of scanning optical microscopy for scientists and engineers. The book concentrates mainly on two instruments: the Confocal Scanning Optical Microscope (CSOM), and the Optical Interference Microscope (OIM). A comprehensive discussion of the theory and design of the Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope (NSOM) is also given.
The text discusses the practical aspects of building a confocal scanning optical microscope or optical interference microscope, and the applications of these microscopes to phase imaging, biological imaging, and semiconductor inspection and metrology.A comprehensive theoretical discussion of the depth and transverse resolution is given with emphasis placed on the practical results of the theoretical calculations and how these can be used to help understand the operation of these microscopes.
Key Features
* Provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of scanning optical microscopy for scientists and engineers
* Explains many practical applications of scanning optical and interference microscopy in such diverse fields as biology and semiconductor metrology
* Discusses in theoretical terms the origin of the improved depth and transverse resolution of scanning optical and interference microscopes with emphasis on the practical results of the theoretical calculations
* Considers the practical aspects of building a confocal scanning or interference microscope and explores some of the design tradeoffs made for microscopes used in various applications
* Discusses the theory and design of near-field optical microscopes
* Explains phase imaging in the scanning optical and interference microscopes

Many laser applications depend on the ability of a particular laser to be frequency tunable. Among the many different types of frequency tunable lasers are: dye lasers, excimer lasers, and semiconductor lasers. Thisbook gives active researchers and engineers the practical information they need to choose an appropriate tunable laser for their particular applications.
Key Features
* Presents a unified and integrated perspective on tunable lasers
* Includes sources spanning the electromagnetic spectrum from the UV to the FIR
* Contains 182 figures and 68 tables
* Provides coverage of optical parametric oscillators and tunable gas, liquid, solid state, and semiconductor lasers

Optical Sources, Detectors, and Systems presents a unified approach, from the applied engineering point of view, to radiometry, optical devices, sources, and receivers. One of the most important and unique features of the book is that it combines modern optics, electric circuits, and system analysis into a unified, comprehensive treatment.
The text provides physical concepts together with numerous data for sources and systems and offers basic analytical tools for a host of practical applications. Convenient reference sources, such as a glossary with explanatory text for specialized optical terminology, are included. Also, there are many illustrative examples and problems with solutions. The book covers many important, diverse areas such as medical thermography, fiber optical communications, and CCD cameras. It also explains topics such as"D" *, NEP, "f" number, RA product, BER, shot noise, and more.
This volume can be considered an essential reference for research and practical scientists working with optical and infrared systems, as well as a text for graduate-level courses on optoelectronics, optical sources and systems, and optical detection. Aproblem solution manual for instructors who wish to adopt this text is available.
Key Features
* Provides a unified treatment of optical sources, detectors, and applications
* Explains "D" *, NEP, "f" number, RA product, BER, shot noise, and more
* Contains numerous illustrative examples and exercises with solutions
* Extensively illustrated with more than 90 drawings and graphs

Photonic circuitry is the first-choice technological advancement recognized by the telecommunications industry. Due to the speed, strength, and clarity of signal, photonic circuits are rapidly replacing electronic circuits in a range of applications. Applied Photonics is a state-of-the-art reference book that describes the fundamental physical concept of photonics and examines the most current information available in the photonics field. Cutting-edge developments in semiconductors, optical switches, and solitons are presented in a readable and easily understandable style, making this volume accessible, if not essential, reading for practicing engineers and scientists.
Key Features
* Introduces the concept of nonlinear interaction of photons with matters, photons, and phonons
* Covers recent developments of semiconductor lasers and detectors in the communications field
* Discusses the development of nonlinear devices, including optical amplifiers, solitons, and phase conjugators, as well as the development of photonic components, switches, interconnects, and image processing devices

This volume brings together contributions from world renowned researchers on molecular nonlinear optics. It takes as its impetus work done over the last five years in which newly developed optoelectronic devices havedeepened our understanding of the fundamental physics and chemistry underlying these materials. Organic materials involving thin films, polymers, and resulting devices will be emphasized.

The staggering success of optical fibre as a new information transmission medium has led many to assume that optics or photonics can be similarly successful in telecommunications switching. However, photonics is in no sense a simple replacement technology for electronics in switching, and any attempt to use it in routing requires careful consideration.;Photonics in Switching provides abroad, balanced overview of the use of optics or photonics in switching, from materials and devices to system architecture. The chapters, each written by an expert in the field, survey the key technologies , , setting them in context and highlighting their benefits and possible applications. This book is a valuable resource for those working in the communications industry, either at the professional or student level, who do not have extensive background knowledge of the underlying physics of the technology.

The success of optical fibre as a new information transmission medium has led many to assume that optics or photonics can be similarly successful in telecommunications switching. However, photonics is in no sense a simple replacement technology for electronics in switching, and any attempt to use it in routing requires careful consideration.;"Photonics in Switching" provides an overview of the use of optics or photonics in switching, from materials and devices to system architecture. The chapters survey the key technologies, setting them in context and highlighting their benefits and possible applications.;This book should be a valuable resource for those working in the communications industry, either at the professional or student level, who do not have extensive background knowledge of the underlying physics of the technology.

This work presents the intriguing story of laser technology development through interviews with the scientists who made history with their groundbreaking research. Laser Pioneers, Revised Edition, describes a race for innovative laser technologies that resulted in several Nobel Prizes and one of the most bitter patent fights of the twentieth century. This book makes fascinating reading for anyone involved with physics, engineering, optics, lasers, or the history of science--or anyone simply interested in the process of invention.
Key Features
* Contains interviews with 15 key scientists in laser research and development
* Provides an extensive overview of laser history
* Includes interviews with three Nobel Prize winners

Now in its third edition, this classic text covers many aspects of infrared and Raman spectroscopy that are critical to the chemist doing structural or compositional analysis. This work includes practical and theoretical approaches to spectral interpretation as well as a discussion of experimental techniques. Emphasis is given to group frequencies, which are studied in detailed discussions, extensive tables, and over 600 carefully chosen and interpreted spectral examples. Also featured is a unique treatment of group frequencies that stresses their mechanical origin. This qualitative approach to vibrational analysis helps to simplify spectral interpretation.
Additional topics include basic instrumental components and sampling techniques, quantitative analysis, Raman polarization data, infrared gas contours, and polarized IR studies, among others.
Key Features
* Focuses on group frequency correlations and how to use them in spectral interpretation
* Revised and updated by a pioneer in the field, Norman Colthup, who for thirty years has served as an expert lecturer for the Fisk Infrared Institute
* Explores new group frequency studies in aromatics, alkanes and olefins, among others
* Includes completely updated section on instrumentation

This comprehensive introduction to polarized light provides students and researchers with the background and the specialized knowledge needed to fully utilize polarized light. It provides a basic introduction to the interaction of light with matter for those unfamiliar with photochemistry and photophysics. An in-depth discussion of polarizing optics is also given. Different analytical techniques are introduced and compared and introductions to the use of polarized light in various forms of spectroscopy are provided.
Key Features
* Starts at a basic level and develops tools for research problems
* Discusses practical devices for controlling polarized light
* Compares the Jones, Mueller, and Poincare sphere methods of analysis

This book reviews the solid core of fundamental scientific knowledge on laser-stimulated surface chemistry that has accumulated over the past few years. It provides a useful overview for the student and interested non-expert as well as essential reference data (photodissociation cross sections, thermochemical constants, etc.) for the active researcher.

This book appears at a time of intense activity in optical phase conjugation. We chose not to await the maturation of the field, but instead to provide this material in time to be useful in its development. We have tried very hard to elucidate and interrelate the various nonlinear phenomena which can be used for optical phase conjugation.

Thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the substantial changes in the field since its publication in 1978Strong emphasis on how to effectively use software design packages, indispensable to today s lens designerMany new lens design problems and examples - ranging from simple lenses to complex zoom lenses and mirror systems - give insight for both the newcomer and specialist in the field

Rudolf Kingslake is regarded as the American father of lens design; his book, not revised since its publication in 1978, is viewed as a classic in the field. Naturally, the area has developed considerably since the book was published, the most obvious changes being the availability of powerful lens design software packages, theoretical advances, and new surface fabrication technologies.

This book provides the skills and knowledge to move into the exciting world of contemporary lens design and develop practical lenses needed for the great variety of 21st-century applications. Continuing to focus on fundamental methods and procedures of lens design, this revision by R. Barry Johnson of a classic modernizes symbology and nomenclature, improves conceptual clarity, broadens the study of aberrations, enhances discussion of multi-mirror systems, adds tilted and decentered systems with eccentric pupils, explores use of aberrations in the optimization process, enlarges field flattener concepts, expands discussion of image analysis, includes many new exemplary examples to illustrate concepts, and much more.

Optical engineers working in lens design will find this book an invaluable guide to lens design in traditional and emerging areas of application; it is also suited to advanced undergraduate or graduate course in lens design principles and as a self-learning tutorial and reference for the practitioner.

Rudolf Kingslake (1903-2003) was a founding faculty member of the Institute of Optics at The University of Rochester (1929) and remained teaching until 1983. Concurrently, in 1937 he became head of the lens design department at Eastman Kodak until his retirement in 1969. Dr. Kingslake published numerous papers, books, and was awarded many patents. He was a Fellow of SPIE and OSA, and an OSA President (1947-48). He was awarded the Progress Medal from SMPTE (1978), the Frederic Ives Medal (1973), and the Gold Medal of SPIE (1980).

R. Barry Johnson has been involved for over 40 years in lens design, optical systems design, and electro-optical systems engineering. He has been a faculty member at three academic institutions engaged in optics education and research, co-founder of the Center for Applied Optics at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, employed by a number of companies, and provided consulting services. Dr. Johnson is an SPIE Fellow and Life Member, OSA Fellow, and an SPIE President (1987). He published numerous papers and has been awarded many patents. Dr. Johnson was founder and Chairman of the SPIE Lens Design Working Group (1988-2002), is an active Program Committee member of the International Optical Design Conference, and perennial co-chair of the annual SPIE Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering Conference.
Thoroughly revised and expanded to reflect the substantial changes in the field since its publication in 1978Strong emphasis on how to effectively use software design packages, indispensable to today s lens designerMany new lens design problems and examples - ranging from simple lenses to complex zoom lenses and mirror systems - give insight for both the newcomer and specialist in the field"

Nonlinear optics is the study of the interaction of intense laser light with matter. The third edition of this textbook has been rewritten to conform to the standard SI system of units and includes comprehensively updated material on the latest developments in the field.
The book introduces the entire field of optical physics and specifically the area of nonlinear optics. It focuses on the fundamental issues including the electromagnetic origin of optical phenomena, the quantum mechanical description of the optical properties of matter, the role of spatial symmetries in determining the optical response, causality and Kramers Kronig relations, and ultrafast and high intensity optical effects. The book also covers applied aspects of nonlinear optics such as harmonic generation, the operation of parametric oscillators, optical switching, photonics, materials issues in nonlinear optics, and processes such as laser damage that can restrict the use of nonlinear optics.
This edition contains new material on:
- Applications of harmonic generation including applications within the fields of microscopy and biophotonics
- Electromagnetically induced transparency
- Spectroscopy based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)

Nonlinear Optics appeals to a wide audience of physics, optics, and electrical engineering students, as well as to working researchers and engineers. Those in related fields, such as materials science and chemistry, will also find this book of particular interest.
* Presents an introduction to the entire field of optical physics from the perspective of nonlinear optics.
* Combines first rate pedagogy with a treatment of fundamental aspects ofnonlinear optics
* Covers all the latest topics and technology in this ever-evolving industry
* Strong emphasis on the fundamentals

"Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides" is an essential resource for any researcher, professional or student involved in optics and communications engineering. Any reader interested in designing or actively working with optical devices must have a firm grasp of the principles of lightwave propagation. Katsunari Okamoto has presented this difficult technology clearly and concisely with several illustrations and equations. Optical theory encompassed in this reference includes coupled mode theory, nonlinear optical effects, finite element method, beam propagation method, staircase concatenation method, along with several central theorems and formulas.
Since the publication of the well-received first edition of this book, planar lightwave circuits and photonic crystal fibers have fully matured. With this second edition the advances of these fibers along with other improvements on existing optical technologies are completely detailed. This comprehensive volume enables readers to fully analyze, design and simulate optical atmospheres.
* Exceptional new chapter on Arrayed-Waveguide Grating (AWG)
* In depth discussion of Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs)
* Thorough explanation of Multimode Interference Devices (MMI)
* Full coverage of polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

When the first edition of "Optical Interferometry" was published, interferometry was regarded as a rather esoteric method of making measurements, largely confined to the laboratory. Today, however, besides its use in several fields of research, it has applications in fields as diverse as measurement of length and velocity, sensors for rotation, acceleration, vibration and electrical and magnetic fields, as well as in microscopy and nanotechnology.

Most topics are discussed first at a level accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of physical optics, then a more detailed treatment of the topic is undertaken, and finally each topic is supplemented by a reference list of more than 1000 selected original publications in total.
* Historical development of interferometry
* The laser as a light source
* Two-beam interference
* Techniques for frequency stabilization
* Coherence
* Electronic phase measurements
* Multiple-beam interference
* Quantum effects in optical interference
* Extensive coverage of the applications of interferometry, such as measurements of length, optical testing, interference microscopy, interference spectroscopy, Fourier-transform spectroscopy, interferometric sensors, nonlinear interferometers, stellar interferometry, and studies of space-time and gravitation.

The uniqueness of this book is that it covers such important aspects of modern signal processing as block transforms from subband filter banks and wavelet transforms from a common unifying standpoint, thus demonstrating the commonality among these decomposition techniques. In addition, it covers such "hot" areas as signal compression and coding, including particular decomposition techniques and tables listing coefficients of subband and wavelet filters and other important properties.
The field of this book (Electrical Engineering/Computer Science) is currently booming, which is, of course, evident from the sales of the previous edition. Since the first edition came out there has been much development, especially as far as the applications. Thus, the second edition addresses new developments in applications-related chapters, especially in chapter 4 "Filterbrook Families: Design and Performance," which is greatly expanded.

* Unified and coherent treatment of orthogonal transforms, subbands, and wavelets
* Coverage of emerging applications of orthogonal transforms in digital communications and multimedia
* Duality between analysis and synthesis filter banks for spectral decomposition and synthesis and analysis transmultiplexer structures
* Time-frequency focus on orthogonal decomposition techniques with applications to FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA

For anyone who has ever wondered how cameras work, this book is a pleasant way to learn. It is generously endowed with enough fundamentals to satisfy the technical specialist, without intimidating the casual but curious amateur photographer. The author has repaired, modified, and designed and analyzed cameras for the past forty five years. With this background, he goes beyond describing camera functions based on advertised data--instead the book explains how various cameras really work. The book peels off the cover panels and lets you look into the dark side of the lens. The dozen or so formulas use simple math and the drawings alone are worth the price of admission.
Key Features
* Describes how cameras work and how well they overcome the difficulties in making a technically perfect photo
* Covers causes of image faults
* Presents unique methods for testing cameras
* Covers integration of optics, electronics, and mechanics in contemporary cameras