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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Botany & plant sciences > Plant pathology & diseases
Plant growth and development is closely dependent on the plant
environment, including the wide-spread presence of organic and
inorganic xenobiotics and pollutants. Currently, heavy metals are
the most common inorganic environmental pollutants and they have
pronounced effects and consequences not only for plants, but also
for the ecosystem in which the plants form an integral component.
It has been suggested that these contaminants accumulate in
agricultural crops, thus entering the food chain and posing a
significant health risk. Plants growing in polluted sites exhibit
altered metabolism, reduced growth, and decreased biomass
production. These pollutants adhere to plant roots and exert
physical or chemical toxicity and subsequently cell death in
plants. Yet, plants have developed various defence mechanisms to
counteract the toxicity induced by heavy metals. Only detailed
study of the processes and mechanisms would allow researchers and
students to understand the interactions, responses, and adaptations
of plants to these pollutants; however, there are several
unresolved issues and challenges regarding the interaction and
biological effects of heavy metals. Therefore, this volume provides
relevant, state-of-the-art findings on environmental phytotoxicity
and the mechanisms of such interactions at the cellular and
molecular levels. This volume consists of chapters on relevant
topics contributed by different experts or group of experts so as
to make available a comprehensive treatise designed to provide an
in-depth analysis of heavy metals phytotoxicity. This book may
serve as a reference to scientists, researchers and students in the
fields of toxicology, environmental toxicology, phytotoxicology,
plant biology, plant physiology, plant biochemistry and plant
molecular biology, and especially those interested in heavy metals
toxicology.
The regulation of the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process,
resulting in "cellular switches" that monitor normal plant
physiology, growth and development, has immense potential in crop
systems. With much of the information in the nascent stages, coming
largely from Arabidopsis and rice particularly, the use of cell
biology, genetic screens, biochemical approaches aided by an omics
approach should help unravel the detail functional information
available about signaling pathways in plants. The regulation could
be exploited to develop crop varieties better equipped to handle
changing environments and enhance agricultural productivity. In the
post-genomic era, one of the major challenges is investigation and
understanding of multiple genes and gene families regulating a
particular physiological and developmental aspect of plant life
cycle. One of the important physiological processes is regulation
of stress response, which leads to adaptation or adjustment in
response to adverse stimuli. With the holistic understanding of the
signaling pathways involving phosphatases, one gene family or
multiple genes or gene families, plant biologist can lay a
foundation for designing and generating future crops, which can
withstand the higher degree of environmental stresses. Especially
abiotic stresses, which are the major cause of crop loss throughout
the world without losing crop yield and productivity. This book
incorporates the contributions from leading plant biologists in the
field of stress-mediated dephosphorylation by phosphatases as an
important task to elucidate the aspects of stress signaling by
functional genomic approaches.
Sucking pests are most notorious group of pests for agricultural
crops. Unlike most pests with chewing mouth parts, sucking pests
cause more severe damage to the crops and are complex to get
identified until advanced stages of infection. Not only is this
late detection detrimental to their effective control, sucking
pests also often cause fungal growth and virus transmission. The
book emphasizes on sucking pests of most major crops of India. It
aims to reflect Indian scenario before the international
readership. This book complies comprehensive information on sucking
pests of crops and brings the attention of the readers to this
multiple damage causing insect complex. The chapters are
contributed by highly experienced Indigenous experts from
Universities & ICAR institutes, and book collates useful
content for students and young researchers in plant pathology,
entomology and agriculture.
This book illustrates the currently available strategies for
managing phytonematodes. It discusses the latest findings on
plant-pathogen-microbiome interactions and their impacts on
ecosystems, and provides extensive information on the application
of microorganisms in the sustainable management of phytonematodes.
This is followed by an in-depth discussion of the application of
potential strains of biocontrol fungi, endophytes and actinomycetes
to enhance plants' ability to fend off phytonematode attacks,
leading to improved plant health. In conclusion, the book addresses
new aspects like the biofabrication of nanoparticles and their
application in plant disease management, and presents an extensive
list for further reading.
Nanotechnology progresses its concerts and suitability by improving
its effectiveness, security and also reducing the impact and risk.
Various chapters in this book are written by eminent scientists and
prominent researchers in the field of nanotechnology across the
world. This book is focused to put emerging techniques forward
using nanoparticles for safe and nutritional food production,
protecting crops from pests, increasing nutritional value and
providing solutions for various environmental issues. The outcome
of this book creates a path for wide usage of nanoparticles in
food, agriculture and the environment fields. This book has clear
and simple illustrations, tables and case studies to understand the
content even by non-experts. This book especially deals with the
nanotechnology for controlling plant pathogens, food packaging and
preservation, agricultural productivity, waste water treatment and
bioenergy production. Hence, this book can be adopted and used by
many researchers and academicians in the fields of food,
agriculture, environment and nanotechnology for catering the needs
of sustainable future. The salient features of this book are *
Describes nanotechnology as an interdisciplinary and emerging field
in life sciences* Useful for researchers in the cutting edge life
science related fields of nanoscience, nanobiology and
nanotechnology* Deal with various problems in food, agriculture and
environmental sector for sustainable solutions through the
application of nanotechnology* Supported with illustrations in
color, tables and case studies (wherever applicable), and *
Contributed and well written by nanotechnology experts from across
various disciplines
This book provides a comprehensive monograph of the family
Humiraceae. It includes information on economic botany,
conservation, phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic history,
ecology, cytology, anatomy, and phytochemistry, among other topics.
This volume is illustrated with line drawings, black and white
photographs, and distribution maps. It was written by the
world-leading authority on this plant group and contains a total of
eight genera, 65 species, and 15 infraspecific taxa, with two new
species described. This work is volume 123 in the Flora Neotropica
book series (Lawrence M. Kelly, Editor-in-Chief). Flora Neotropica
volumes provide taxonomic treatments of plant groups or families
growing in the Americas between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic
of Capricorn.
This book addresses the impact of important climatic changes on
plant pests (including weeds, diseases and insect pests), and their
interactions with crop plants. Anthropogenic activities have
seriously impacted the global climate. As a result, carbon dioxide
(CO2) and temperature levels of the earth are on a continuous rise.
The global temperature is expected to increase by a 3 DegreesC or
more by the end of this century. The CO2 concentration was below
300 parts per million (ppm) before the start of the industrial era;
however, recently it has exceeded 400 ppm. This is highest ever in
human history. Other than global warming and elevated CO2
concentrations, anthropogenic activities have also disturbed the
global water cycle, ultimately, impacting the quantity and
distribution of rainfall. This has resulted in drought conditions
in many parts of the world. Global warming, elevated CO2
concentration and drought are considered the most important recent
climatic changes that are impacting global ecosystems and human
societies. Among other impacts, the effects of climatic changes on
pests, pest-crop interactions and pest control are important with
relevance to global food security, and hence require immediate
attention by plant scientists. This book discusses innovative and
the most effective pest control methods under an environment of
changing climate and elaborates on the impact of drought on plant
pests and their control.
Abiotic and biotic stress factors, including drought, salinity,
waterlog, temperature extremes, mineral nutrients, heavy metals,
plant diseases, nematodes, viruses, and diseases, adversely affect
growth as well as yield of crop plants worldwide. Plant
growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are receiving increasing
attention from agronomists and environmentalists as candidates to
develop an effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to
conventional agricultural (e.g., chemical fertilizers and
pesticide) and remediation (e.g., chelators-enhanced
phytoremediation) methods employed to deal with climate
change-induced stresses. Recent studies have shown that plant
growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria have great potentials in the management
of various agricultural and environmental problems. This book
provides current research of biofertilizers and the role of
microorganisms in plant health, with specific emphasis on the
mitigating strategies to combat plant stresses.
In this book, the authors gather and present topical research in
the study of aquatic plants and plant disease. Topics discussed
include the diagnosis and treatment of Sharka disease; the biology
of the aquatic plant Wolffia arrhiza (Lemnaceae); the bioactive
metabolites of plant herbivores and species immunity for preventing
infectious diseases in plants, animals and humans.
Selenium plays a significant role in preventing certain types of
cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The level of Selenium in the
human body depends on its concentration in food. In turn, the
content in vegetable crops is a function of the soil-plant system.
There are many countries in the world with low Selenium content in
the soil. The average daily human intake is thus limited through
food chain. Analysis of Selenium status suggests that fortification
of the soil substrate with Sodium Selenate, and foliar application
to agricultural crops are both effective means of Selenium
enrichment. Our intention for this publication is to present the
possibilities of augmenting Selenium content by biofortification of
soils and plants through differentiated nutrition. In the first
part of the monograph, the results of Selenium supplementation in
model vegetation experiments are presented. The next part of the
monograph presents the results of foliar supplementation of
Selenium in field conditions. This book is an outstanding reference
source for plant breeders and researchers engaged in
biofortification of horticulture crops. It is also beneficial to
agricultural companies and other stakeholders.
The population of the world continues to increase at an alarming
rate. The trouble linked with overpopulation ranges from food and
water scarcity to inadequacy of space for organisms. Overpopulation
is also linked with several other demographic hazards, for
instance, population blooming will not only result in exhaustion of
natural repositories, but it will also induce intense pressure on
the world economy. Today nanotechnology is often discussed as a key
discipline of research but it has positive and negative aspects.
Also, due to industrialization and ever-increasing population,
nano-pollution has been an emerging topic among scientists for
investigation and debate. Nanotechnology measures any substance on
a macromolecular scale, molecular scale, and even atomic scale.
More importantly, nanotechnology deals with the manipulation and
control of any matter at the dimension of a single nanometer.
Nanotechnology and nanoparticles (NPs) play important roles in
sustainable development and environmental challenges as well. NPs
possess both harmful and beneficial effects on the environment and
its harboring components, such as microbes, plants, and humans.
There are many beneficial impacts exerted by nanoparticles,
however, including their role in the management of waste water and
soil treatment, cosmetics, food packaging, agriculture,
biomedicines, pharmaceuticals, renewable energies, and
environmental remedies. Conversely, NPs also show some toxic
effects on microbes, plants, as well as human beings. It has been
reported that use of nanotechnological products leads to the more
accumulation of NPs in soil and aquatic ecosystems, which may be
detrimental for living organisms. Further, toxic effects of NPs on
microbes, invertebrates, and aquatic organisms including algae, has
been measured. Scientists have also reported on the negative impact
of NPs on plants by discussing the delivery of NPs in plants.
Additionally, scientists have also showed that NPs interact with
plant cells, which results in alterations in growth, biological
function, gene expression, and development. Thus, there has been
much investigated and reported on NPs and plant interactions in the
last decade. This book discusses the most recent work on NPs and
plant interaction, which should be useful for scientists working in
nanotechnology across a wide variety of disciplines.
This edited volume is a comprehensive account of plant diseases and
insect pests, plant protection and management for various crops
using microbial and biotechnological approaches. The book
elucidates the role of biotechnology for the enhancement of crop
productivity and management of bacterial and fungal diseases via
eco-friendly methods. It discusses crop-pest/ pathogen interaction
and utilizing this interaction in a beneficial and sustainable way.
This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, plant scientists
and plant pathologists. Also the book serves as additional reading
material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture,
forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences.
Due to the huge quantity and diverse nature of their metabolic
pathways, fungi have great potential to be used for the production
of different biofuels such as bioethanol, biobutanol, and
biodiesel. This book presents recent advances, as well as
challenges and promises, of fungal applications in biofuel
production, subsequently discussing plant pathogenic fungi for
bioethanol and biodiesel production, including their mechanisms of
action. Additionally, this book reviews biofuel production using
plant endophytic fungi, wood-rotting fungi, fungal biocontrol
agents, and gut fungi, and it investigates highly efficient fungi
for biofuel production and process design in fungal-based biofuel
production systems. Finally, life cycle assessment of fungal-based
biofuel production systems are discussed in this volume.
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