Fundamentals of Viroid Biology provides a comprehensive introduction to emerging research on viroids and their biology. The book is organized into three parts, with sections that discuss historical perspectives as well as information on classifications, structure, life cycle and replication and viroid movement. The book goes on to discuss viroid diseases and their geographic distributions across Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, North and South America. Viroid pathogenesis and viroid-host interaction rounds out the coverage which includes viroid associated disease symptoms and viroid regions associated and viroid-host protein and translations. Detection and disease control strategies are also covered. Contributed by an international group of renown contributors in viroid research, this book is a useful introductory reference to advanced undergraduates and graduate and postgraduate students. It is also ideal for early career researchers and scientists engaged in the study of viroid biology, virology, plant virology and microbiology.

Viruses that infect plants are responsible for reduction in both yield and quality of crops around the world, and thus are of great economic importance. This has provided the impetus for the extensive research into the molecular and cellular biology of these pathogens and into their interaction with their plant hosts and their vectors. However, interest in plant viruses extends beyond their ability to damage crops. Many plant viruses - for example, tobacco mosaic virus - have been used as model systems to provide basic understanding of how viruses express genes and replicate. Others permitted the elucidation of the processes underlying RNA silencing, now recognized as a core epigenetic mechanism underpinning numerous areas of biology. This book attests to the huge diversity of research in plant molecular virology. Written by world authorities in the field, the book opens with two chapters on the translation and replication of viral RNA. Following chapters cover topics such as viral movement within and between plants, plant responses to viral infection, antiviral control measures, virus evolution, and newly emerging plant viruses. The book concludes with two chapters on biotechnological applications of plant viruses. Throughout, the focus is on the most recent, cutting-edge research, making this book essential reading for everyone working with plant viruses.

Microbial Endophytes: Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture discusses the practical and theoretical aspects regarding the use of endophytic microorganisms in agriculture, providing insights on the biotechnological applications associated with long-term crop production. Chapters deal with the various aspects of endophytic microorganisms, including isolation, enumeration, characterization procedures, diversity analysis, and their role as biofertilizer, biocontrol agent and microbial inoculants. Framed to discuss the present and future potential of microbial endophytes in biotic and abiotic stress management, bioremediation, bioactive compounds production, and in nanotechnology, this book provides a single-volume resource that will be valuable to academics and researchers interested in microbiology, agricultural sciences and biotechnology.

Ecophysiology of Pesticides: Interface between Pesticide Chemistry and Plant Physiology is the first comprehensive overview of the physical impact of this increasingly complex environmental challenge. Designed to offer state-of-the-art knowledge, the book covers pesticide usage and its consequences on the ecophysiology of plants. It includes the challenge of policymaking in pesticide consumption and a risk analysis of conventional and modern approaches on standard usage. In addition, it summarizes research reports pertaining to the physio-ecological effects of pesticides, discusses the environmental risks associated with the over-utilization of pesticides, and covers pesticide usage on the micro-flora and rhizosphere. This book is a valuable reference for plant ecologists, plant biochemists and chemists who want to study pesticide consumption and its biochemical and physiological evaluation effects on plants. It will also be of immense help to university and college teachers and students of environmental biotechnology, environmental botany and plant ecophysiology.

Acquiring knowledge about different aspects of entomology is of vital importance in adopting appropriate measures for the control of pests and also for utilizing the beneficial insects for the benefits of man. This book deals with the basic concepts of entomology, which include: - Morphology, anatomy, adaptation and classification of insects, especially the parasitic ones, which do harm to plants, livestock and even to man. Economic role of insects with special reference to productive ones such as, honeybee, silk worm and lac insect as well as beneficial ones such as, parasitoids, predators pollinators etc. Pest management that covers usage of various plant protection chemicals, plant protection equipments, toxicology of pesticides, compatibility of pesticides etc. Non-insect pests viz., nematodes and mites, their economic role and control measures. The text is substantiated with many fine, hand-drawn figures and illustrations that will help better understanding of the text. The book, which is primarily intended for the undergraduate students of agriculture, will be of use to the postgraduate students of agriculture, to the officials working in the department of agriculture, especially those involved in plant protection work and also to the elite public who are interested in scientific agriculture.

Characterization, Epidemiology and Management is the third volume in the Phytoplasma Diseases in Asian Countries series dedicated to the analysis of plant pathogens across Asia. Highlighting genomic studies and molecular approaches for rapid detection of phytoplasma diseases, the book discusses effective control measures for insect vectors across Asia. The chapters in this book discuss the latest biological controls and how best to manage and even eliminate phytoplasma diseases. This is an essential read for students, researchers and agriculturalists interested in plant pathology. Phytoplasma are microorganisms that are transmitted by insect vectors, infecting various different types of annuals and perennials and causing serious damage to crops across Asia.

The book has been written as Text Book for Undergraduate as well as Post Graduate students covering major aspect of horticultural diseases.

This Laboratory Manual has been designed for students for easy understanding of basic plant pathological laboratory techniques related with Isolation of pathogen. Preservation of disease sample, Demonstration of Koch.s postutlates. Study of different groups of fungicides and antibiotics. Preparation of fungicides. Methods of application of fungicides. Bio-assay of fungicides, Bio control of plant pathogens and Identification of some important fungal pathogens. The book is fully colour book with digitized images have been made to identify diseases and pathogens with explanations of new terminologies to enhance students understanding about the subject. The book will be useful to beginners, students, instructors, scientists and research workers in the field of Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology.

Crop diseases are known to be caused by various abiotic and biotic agents. Among the biotic agents, microbial plant pathogens u fungi, bacteria, phytoplasmas, viruses and viroids u accounts for significant quantitative and qualitative losses in agricultural and horticultural crops. It is essential to have adequate knowledge of various aspects of these plant pathogens. Information on precise identification of microbial plant pathogens, process of disease development, epidemiology, assessment of losses due to diseases, principles of disease management, their applications for containing the diseases and the possible ways of integrating the practices is required to develop and enhance the effectiveness of disease management systems suitable for different ecosystems. Basic plant pathological methods provided in the appendix and glossary of plant pathological terms presented in this book will help the students to have a clear understanding of the subject. Graduating students, researchers and teachers desirous of updating the information on different aspects of microbial plant pathogens and the diseases caused by them, will find this book to be useful.