This is the leading reference on Japanese private international law in English. The chapters systematically cover the whole of Japanese private international law, not just questions likely to arise in commercial matters, but also in family, succession, cross-border insolvency, intellectual property, competition (antitrust), and environmental disputes. The chapters do not merely cover the traditional conflict of law areas of jurisdiction, applicable law (choice of law), and enforcement. The chapters also look into conflict of law questions arising in arbitration and assess Japanese involvement in the global harmonisation of private international law. In addition to summarising relevant principles and scholarly views, the authors discuss case law whenever possible and identify deficiencies and anticipate difficulties in the existing law. The book thus presents the Japanese conflict of laws through a combination of common and civil law analytical techniques and perspectives, providing readers worldwide with a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the subject.

This text provides direct access to civil procedural law in England and Wales, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and Italy. It is intended to be a student's first exploration of foreign civil procedure law, as well as a broad orientation for practitioners. The consistent and systematic approach to the subject matter of each country enhances the accessibility of the book. Comparison between the various systems is facilitated by a chapter presenting a comparative analysis. Up-to-date sources are summarized for each country. The book also deals with private international law, in particular with aspects of jurisdiction, recognition and enforcement.

Private International Law in the Netherlands and its 1995 Supplement provide Dutch and foreign lawyers with an up-to-date survey of the present state of private international law in the Netherlands. The book describes Dutch private international law as it is applied by the courts. The more important cases are summarized throughout the text. At the end of each chapter the reader will find references to international agreements and legislative materials and literature. This publication contains four parts. The appendices set out the most important treaties and statutes; extensive indices and cross-references are included for the purpose of quick reference. The Supplement updates the publication and follows the general scheme of the main work. Although the supplement's authors originally set out to prepare a summary update, the resulting work is quite extensive. In 1995 private international law in the Netherlands is even more fragmented than it was in 1987 and cannot be described in just a few pages. The manuscript for this supplement was completed in January 1995.

Claiming a Promised Inheritance examines those cases where a person is promised a future inheritance and, having acted on it, later discovers that the promise is unfulfilled. The book structures its analysis and argument around the stories of disappointed promisees and their unfulfilled expectations of a future inheritance, and how they might seek redress. It maps and compares the various, and often very diverse range of legal responses that a promisee can avail herself of across different legal areas of the law (ranging from contract law to property law, employment law, unjust and unjustified enrichment law, and succession law) and in both common and civil law traditions. Braun asks how these responses protect the interests of promisees and whether they are sensitive to the context in which such promises are expressed. In doing so, the focus rests on the level of protection the various forms of redress grant, their scope, and the challenges promisees face when brining a claim, but also on the values and interests that are at stake when granting relief. This book argues that due to the social and legal context within which promises of a future inheritance are normally made, promisees are usually in a vulnerable position that can easily by exploited. It further argues that the law is usually more acutely attuned to the risks that the promisor incurs and that greater attention should be paid to the challenges promisees face. Claiming a Promised Inheritance thus complements the traditional viewpoint by bringing into focus the (too often ignored) perspective of promisees.

This collection contains a selection of essays by the late Professor Kurt Lipstein, who emigrated from Germany to Cambridge in 1934. It focuses on his central works on the general principles of private international law, which are characterized by his comparative approach and his attention to the many relationships between conflicts of law and questions of public international and European law. It includes Lipstein's first studies of the conflict of laws as well as his powerful Hague lecture on the basic principles of private international law and his influencing articles on the development of the conflict of laws through international courts and arbitral tribunals.

The volume is based on a symposium that took place in the Hamburg Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law. It has to be seen in the context of the international renaissance of the concept of codification. When the State of Israel was founded in 1948, it was essentially a common law jurisdiction. Since then, Israeli private law has continuously moved closer towards the model of the civilian systems of Continental Europe. It has now, for the first time, been laid down in a comprehensive and systematic Draft Civil Code. In an introductory article, Aharon Barak, the former President of the Supreme Court of Israel and Chairman of the Codification Commission, presents that Draft in the context of the development of private law in Israel. Israeli Professors from the Universities of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem then analyze key areas within the law of obligations and property law of the envisaged codification, while a German or Austrian author, respectively, provide commentaries from a comparative perspective. The subjects dealt with are the integration of consumer protection, liability for breach of contract, unjustified enrichment, the law of delict, priority conflicts in property law, and the law of prescription (limitation). Central themes that come out in many of the contributions are the tension between continuity and change as well as the issue of coherence. The volume is rounded off by comments on the subject of codification, by a speech on the occasion of Amos Shapira's 70th birthday that was celebrated in the course of the conference, and by an English translation of the Draft Civil Code.

The present collection of essays addresses the development of Ukrainian private law in the course of its ongoing Europeanization. This process is determined by the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine, which was concluded in 2014 and obliges Ukraine to implement a diverse number of European legal acts in its national legal system, aiming to achieve the economic integration of Ukraine into the EU internal market. Nevertheless, it would be inaccurate to describe the process of integrating Ukrainian private law into the European Area of Justice as solely the implementation of the Community acquis. Rather, the Europeanization of Ukrainian private law is part of a value-based Europeanization of the entire Ukrainian society.

In recent decades, the rise in cross-border law violations has harmed numerous victims around the globe. The damages are often dispersed and low-level. As a result, the private enforcement gap has deepened and collective redress represents an interesting procedural instrument that is able to provide effective access to justice. This book analyses thoroughly the dominant collective redress models adopted in the EU. Data from 13 Member States has been catalogued and categorised. The research mainly focuses on the consumer law field but frequent references to financial and data protection-related cases are made. The dominant collective redress models are then studied from a private international law perspective. In particular, the book highlights the current mismatch between collective redress on the one hand, and rules on international jurisdiction on the other. Additionally, it notes that barriers to cross-border litigation remain significant for victims and their representatives. The unprecedented empirical study included in this book confirms that statement. Observing that EU measures have not satisfactorily lowered those barriers, the author proposes the creation of a new head of jurisdiction for cases of international collective redress. This book will be of interest to private international law scholars, researchers, students, legal practitioners, judges and policy-makers. It is a reference point for those with an interest in cross-border collective redress in particular, and private international law in general.

As people, business, and information cross borders, so too do legal disputes. Globalisation means that courts need to apply principles of private international law with increasing frequency. Thus, as the Law Society of New South Wales recognised in its 2017 report The Future of Law and Innovation in the Profession, knowledge of private international law is increasingly important to legal practice. In particular, it is essential to the modern practice of commercial law. This book considers key issues at the intersection of commercial law and private international law. The authors include judges, academics and practising lawyers, from Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and the United Kingdom. They bring a common law perspective to contemporary problems concerning the key issues in private international law: jurisdiction, choice of law, and recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The book also addresses issues of evidence and procedure in cross-border litigation, and the impact of recent developments at the Hague Conference on Private International Law, including the Convention on Choice of Court Agreements on common law principles of private international law.

More than 20 years have passed since the downfall of socialist systems. To accelerate transformation processes utmost priority was given to the recognition of property rights, an indispensable requirement for free market economies. Regulators soon came to realize that the success of transformation was conditioned on a more systematic approach towards codified civil law and business law. Numerous comparative law studies on individual Eastern European states have been undertaken, but they fail to portray the dynamic in its full scope. Studies adopting long-term perspectives and offering multi-nation comparisons are particularly rare. In March 2009, a symposium was held at the Hamburg Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Law to address these shortcomings. In this conference volume Christa Jessel-Holst, Rainer Kulms, and Alexander Trunk assemble the contributions by international policy advisors and scholars from Eastern and South Eastern Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia and Ukraine) assessing codification processes in classic civil law fields and company and capital market laws. In spite of comparable transformation problems, the individual processes are moving forward quite disparately, oscillating between 'old' socialist codifications, legislative projects faithful to the acquis communautaire and new codifications with a distinctly autonomous approach. Nonetheless, most transformation states are united in their effort to establish efficient court systems which can handle the acquis without being positivistic.Contributors: Jurgen Basedow, Rainer Kulms, Michel Nussbaumer, Frederique Dahan, Thomas Meyer, Alexander Komarov, Volodymyr Kossak, Jelena Perovia?, Camelia Toader, Verica Trstenjak, Christian Takoff, Tatjana Josipovia?, Meliha Povlakia?, Dusan Nikolia?, Mirko Vasiljevia?, Alexandra Makovskaya, Oleg Zaitsev, Ionu? Radule?u, Tania Bouzeva, Radu Catana?, Andras Kisfaludi, Krzysztof Oplustil, Arkadiusz Radwa

Contributions from members of the German Association for Comparative Law will be among the papers presented at this summer's twentieth International Congress of Comparative Law, to be held for the first time in Asia at Fukuoka, Japan, in July. In a strong range of topics, one focus during the six-day congress will be on questions of multiculturalism and language that concern both comparative law methodology and other legal fields such as family law. Further dealt with will be matters particularly relevant to consumer protection, ranging from choice of court agreements to price control in contracts, duty of information, the regulation of crowd-funding, as well as leisure and travel contracts. Another focus will be on digitalisation's far-reaching economic, societal and legal implications, with questions of data protection in the realm of comparative law accentuated by contributions on the right to be forgotten or current national legal orders. Overall, the volume will reflect the present state of discussions within German jurisprudence. With contributions by: Christina Breunig, Moritz Brinkmann, Johanna Croon-Gestefeld, Anatol Dutta, Katharina Erler, Matthias Fervers, Stefan Grundmann, Beate Gsell, Dirk Hanschel, Wolfgang Hau, Leonhard Hubner, Luca Kaller, Jurgen Kuhling, Sebastian Mock, Joachim Munch, David Ruther, Anne Sanders, Bianca Scraback, Stefanie Schmahl, Martin Schmidt-Kessel, Boris Schinkels, Andreas Spickhoff, Klaus Tonner; Jan Thiessen, Tobias H. Troeger, Lars Viellechner, Marc-Philippe Weller, Matthias Weller, Bettina Weisser

This book considers the issues involved in international commercial disputes where set-off has been used. Most such disputes are conducted through arbitration so the focus of this book is on the effect of arbitration proceedings on set-off claims.
The book considers the important institutional rules of arbitration procedure such as the Swiss Rules, the CNUDCI, the ICC rules and others. It covers in some detail the various possible solutions to the issue of applicable law under national and supra-national law. Included in this discussion is an analysis of the Rome I Regulation, the CISG, and the UNIDROIT Principles contained in the PICC and PECL.
There is full consideration of the other relevant matters including enforceability, currency issues, and burden of proof. The last section of the book analyses the position of set off in insolvency, including a general comparative look at the situation in common and civil law, and concluding with an explanation of the effect of the European Regulation on Insolvency Proceedings.
Set-off is a commonly used but complex device used to avoid the cumbersome transfer of money in international commercial transactions. The situation is made even more complex when disputes arise bringing issues of applicable law and jurisdiction. This book raises the potential issues and analyses the probable solutions with reference to national and international laws and arbitral rules. It will assist common law practitioners with practical solutions under major civil law jurisdictions and vice versa.

This substantial and original book examines how the EU Private International Law (PIL) framework is functioning and considers its impact on the administration of justice in cross-border cases within the EU. It grew out of a major project (ie EUPILLAR: European Union Private International Law: Legal Application in Reality) financially supported by the EU Civil Justice Programme. The research was led by the Centre for Private International Law at the University of Aberdeen and involved partners from the Universities of Freiburg, Antwerp, Wroclaw, Leeds, Milan and Madrid (Complutense). The contributors address the specific features of cross-border disputes in the EU by undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) and national case law on the Brussels I, Rome I and II, Brussels IIa and Maintenance Regulations. Part I discusses the development of the EU PIL framework. Part II contains the national reports from 26 EU Member States. Parts III (civil and commercial) and IV (family law) contain the CJEU case law analysis and several cross-cutting chapters. Part V briefly sets the agenda for an institutional reform which is necessary to improve the effectiveness of the EU PIL regime. This comprehensive research project book will be of interest to researchers, students, legal practitioners, judges and policy-makers who work, or are interested, in the field of private international law.

The volume traces back to a symposium held at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg and offers a broad comparative analysis of company and capital markets law in Germany and the Nordic states. It details the special elements of company law in Scandinavia that developed amid the twin forces of innovative experimentation and the drive for harmonization, contrasting them with the distinctive features of German company law. Further contributions deal with the newly created entrepreneur company in Germany and Denmark, as well as the role of shareholders and boards in public companies. It also contains detailed analyses of the law of company groups in Germany and the Nordic states. the volume is further rounded out with contributions on capital markets law and takeover law, including issues involving acting in concert, ownership disclosure and the interaction between the legislator and the takeover panel in Sweden.

Private International Law is often criticized for failing to curb private power in the transnational realm. The field appears disinterested or powerless in addressing global economic and social inequality. Scholars have frequently blamed this failure on the separation between private and public international law at the end of the nineteenth century and on private international law's increasing alignment with private law. Through a contextual historical analysis, Roxana Banu questions these premises. By reviewing a broad range of scholarship from six jurisdictions (the United States, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, and the Netherlands) she shows that far from injecting an impetus for social justice, the alignment between private and public international law introduced much of private international law's formalism and neutrality. She also uncovers various nineteenth century private law theories that portrayed a social, relationally constituted image of the transnational agent, thus contesting both individualistic and state-centric premises for regulating cross-border inter-personal relations. Overall, this study argues that the inherited shortcomings of contemporary private international law stem more from the incorporation of nineteenth century theories of sovereignty and state rights than from theoretical premises of private law. In turn, by reconsidering the relational premises of the nineteenth century private law perspectives discussed in this book, Banu contends that private international law could take centre stage in efforts to increase social and economic equality by fostering individual agency and social responsibility in the transnational realm.

This book provides an unprecedented analysis on the place of performance. The central theme is that the place of performance is of considerable significance as a connecting factor in international commercial contracts. This book challenges and questions the approach of the European legislator for not explicitly giving special significance to the place of performance in determining the applicable law in the absence of choice for commercial contracts. It also contains, inter alia, an analogy to matters of foreign country mandatory rules, and the coherence between jurisdiction and choice of law. It concludes by proposing a revised Article 4 of Rome I Regulation, which could be used as an international solution by legislators, judges, arbitrators and other stakeholders who wish to reform their choice of law rules.

This collection offers a study of the regimes for the recognition and enforcement of foreign commercial judgments in 15 Asian jurisdictions: mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and India. For practising lawyers, the book is intended as a practical guide to current law and procedures for enforcing judgments in the selected jurisdictions. However, it does not stop at describing current law and practice. Of interest to academics and students, it also analyses the common principles of the enforcement regimes across the jurisdictions, and identifies what should be regarded as the norm for enforcement in Asian countries for the purpose of attracting foreign direct investment and catalysing rapid economic development. In light of the common principles identified, the book explores how laws in Asia may generally be improved to enable judgments to be more readily enforced, while ensuring that legitimate concerns over indirect jurisdiction, due process and domestic public policy are respected and addressed. With this in mind, the book discusses the potential impact that the adoption of the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements might have on Asian jurisdictions; it also considers the potential impact of the convention for the enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters presently being drafted by the Hague Conference on Private International Law. This timely book argues that it is imperative to adopt a uniform system for the recognition and enforcement of judgments throughout Asia if there is to be traction for the enhanced cross-border commerce that is expected to result from endeavours such as the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), CPTPP (also known as TPP-11), and RCEP.

This Handbook is the first comprehensive account of comparative environmental law. It examines in detail the methodological foundations of the discipline as well as the substance of environmental law across countries from four vantage points: country studies from all continents, responses to common problems (including air pollution, water management, nature conservation, genetically modified organisms, climate change and energy, chemicals, waste), foundational components of environmental law systems (including principles, property rights, administrative and judicial organisation, command-and-control regulation, market mechanisms, informational techniques and liability mechanisms), and common interactions of environmental protection with the broader public, private, and criminal law contexts. The volume brings together the foremost authorities in this field from around the world to provide a concise, self-contained, and technically rigorous account of environmental law as a single overall system.

The new edition of this highly regarded work has been fully updated to reflect current trends and concerns in commercial litigation practice. It considers the many significant changes in the law since the first edition, and how they affect both the structure and drafting of commercial transactions, and the strategic choices of litigants. It includes extensive treatment of the recast Brussels I Regulation, which takes effect from January 2015, and which will significantly affect the handling of cross-border disputes. It offers extended analysis of important recent decisions including VTB v Nutritek, The Alexandros T, and Star Reefers v JFC. The book is a definitive account of the law and practice of international commercial litigation in the English courts, which describes the present state of the law, and articulates its underlying principles. It is intended to be of value to both specialist and non-specialist practitioners, and, by setting the principles of private international law in a practical context, to scholars in the field. The book offers an account of the subject which is comprehensive, and sophisticated in its analysis, but firmly grounded in addressing the challenges and concerns facing practitioners. The role of commercial litigation is examined, not merely in the resolution of disputes, but as an aspect of commercial practice. A feature of the book is its focus on evolving areas of practice, and issues of difficulty, with an emphasis on problematic decisions, and recent legislative changes. Particular emphasis is placed on how the principles established by the higher courts are applied in the Commercial Court. Where the law is uncertain or controversial, the rival arguments are examined and solutions considered. Emphasis is given to the impact of litigation on cross-border transactions, and its effect on legal risk. Mechanisms for managing the risks associated with cross-border litigation are extensively discussed, with particular emphasis on the drafting of effective jurisdiction and governing law clauses. The first edition was highly regarded and was cited with approval by the courts in a number of key decisions including Blue Sky One Ltd v Mahan Air (March 2010), Royal & Sun Alliance plc v Rolls Royce plc (July 2010), Sebastian Holdings Inc v Deutsche Bank AG (Aug 2010, Court of Appeal), Glacier Reinsurance AG & v Gard Marine & Energy Ltd (Oct 2010, Court of Appeal), Faraday Reinsurance Co Ltd v Howden North America Inc (Nov 2011, Commercial Court), Mauritius Commercial Bank Ltd v Hestia Holdings Ltd (May 2013, Commercial Court), Antonio Gramsci v Lembergs (June 2013, Court of Appeal), and The Alexandros T (6 Nov 2013, Supreme Court).

Conflict of laws, or private international law, has assumed great importance due to increasing movement and relocation of large number of people from one jurisdiction to another for personal and professional reasons. Despite the existence of rules and principles, there is a general uncertainty on issues such as commercial transactions, family law relationship, personal law subjects, and laws relating to property. This book is a detailed and up-to-date study of conflict of laws and focuses on its three main areas: the law of obligations, law of property, and law of persons. This updated edition provides a fresh perspective on the subject and analyses its significance in the dynamic contemporary world. The work not only lucidly examines the inter-territorial conflicts but also lays a special emphasis on inter-personal disputes in the Indian context. The work also evaluates the role of various international instruments and conventions including The Hague Convention on private international law designed to resolve international conflicts. The book also discusses critical issues such as habitual residence, domicile, and obligations for shaping foreign contracts and torts. This edition includes a comprehensive introduction and recent cases, which will help readers understand the changing paradigm within the discipline.

Over the last decades, private international law has become the target of intense codification efforts. Inspired by the stimulating initiatives taken by some European countries, by the Brussels Convention and the Rome Convention, numerous countries in other regions of the world started to enact comprehensive legislation in the field. Among them are Taiwan and mainland China. Both adopted statutes on private international law in 2010. In light of the rising significance of the mutual economic and societal relations between the jurisdictions involved and of the legal innovations laid down in the new instruments, the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law convened scholars to present the conflict rules adopted in Europe, in mainland China and in Taiwan across a whole range of private law subjects. This book collects the papers of the conference and presents them to the public, together with English translations of the acts of Taiwan and mainland China.