The Tribunal, concerned principally with the claims of US nationals against Iran, is the most important international claims tribunal to have sat in over half a century. Its jurisprudence is bound to make a uniquely important contribution to international law and, in particular, the law relating to aliens. The series is the only complete and fully indexed report of the decisions of this unique Tribunal. These Reports are essential for all practitioners in the field of international claims, academics in private and public international law, and comparative lawyers, as well as all governments and law libraries. Each volume contains a detailed consolidated index and tables of cases covering the whole series to date.

The Yearbook of International Sports Arbitration is the first academic publication aiming to offer comprehensive coverage, on a yearly basis, of the most recent and salient developments regarding international sports arbitration, through a combination of general articles and case notes. The present volume covers decisions rendered by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) and national courts in 2015. It is a must-have for sports lawyers and arbitrators, as well as researchers engaged in this field. It provides in-depth articles on burning issues raised by international sports arbitration, and independent commentaries by esteemed academics and seasoned practitioners on the most important decisions of the CAS (e.g. the Dutee Chand case) and national courts (e.g. the Pechstein and Wilhelmshaven decision rendered by the OLG Munchen and OLG Bremen in Germany). Dr. Antoine Duval is Senior Researcher for International and European Sports Law at the T.M.C. Asser Instituut in The Hague. He holds a Ph.D. on the interaction between Lex Sportiva and EU Law from the European University Institute in Florence. Prof. Antonio Rigozzi teaches international arbitration and sports law at the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland, and is the partner in charge of the sports arbitration practice at Levy Kaufmann-Kohler, a Geneva-based law firm specializing in international arbitration.

Since the establishment of the Permanent Court of Arbitration for international dispute resolution in 1899, the number of international courts and tribunals has multiplied and the reach of their jurisdiction has steadily expanded. By providing a synthetic overview and critical analysis of these developments from multiple perspectives, this Research Handbook both contextualizes and stimulates future research and practice in this rapidly developing field. Made up of specially commissioned chapters by leading and emerging scholars, the book takes a thematic and interpretive, system-wide and inter-jurisdictional comparative approach to the main issues, debates and controversies related to the growth of international courts and tribunals. Its review of influential international judgements traverses the areas of international peace and security law, international human rights law, international criminal law, and international economic law, while also including critical reflection by practitioners. This nuanced review of the latest thinking on scholarly debates and controversies in international courts and tribunals will be both a key resource for academic researchers and a concise introduction to the subject for post-graduate students. Its chapters also contain topics of practical relevance to lawyers and international decision-makers. Contributors include: A.M. Barreto, J. Chylinski, T. Dannenbaum, W. Elmaalul, M. Farrell, K. Gibson, J. Jones QC, M.G. Karnavas, M.M. Mbengue, Y. Mcdermott Rees, L. Obregon, K. Oellers-Frahm, R.F. Oppong, G. Pecorella, M. Pinto, J. Powderly, Y. Ronen, L.E. Salles, W.A. Schabas, D. Shelton, N. Strapatsas, M. Taylor, M. Varaki

The Tribunal, concerned principally with the claims of US nationals against Iran, is the most important international claims tribunal to have sat in over half a century. Its jurisprudence is bound to make a uniquely important contribution to international law and, in particular, the law relating to aliens. The series is the only complete and fully indexed report of the decisions of this unique Tribunal. These Reports are essential for all practitioners in the field of international claims, academics in private and public international law, and comparative lawyers, as well as all governments and law libraries. Each volume contains a detailed consolidated index and tables of cases covering the whole series to date. This volume was first published in 1987.

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

Principles play a crucial role in any dispute settlement system, and the World Trade Organization (WTO) is no exception. However, WTO Panels and the Appellate Body have been too timid in using principles, sometimes avoiding their use when appropriate and at other times using them without fully acknowledging that they are doing so. Perhaps more worryingly, these bodies often fail to delve deeply enough into principles. They tend to overlook key questions such as the legal basis for using a given principle, whether the principle is being used in an interpretative manner or as applicable law, and the meaning of the principle in public international law. This book establishes a framework for addressing these questions. The use of such a framework should allay fears and misconceptions about the use of principles and ensure that they are used in a justifiable manner, improving the quality of dispute settlement in the WTO.

This book addresses the most important judicial aspects in relation to the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber (DRC), as well as the different categories of disputes, inter alia, the termination of player contracts, the amount of compensation, sporting sanctions, training compensation and the solidarity mechanism. The DRC was established in 2001 by FIFA for the purpose of resolving disputes regarding the international status and transfer of players. Since then the DRC has developed into a major and influential alternative resolution body, with an impressive and everincreasing caseload. In this updated and revised Second Edition the most important decisions of the DRC as of the date of its establishment in 2001 until 2016 are analysed. It is a reference work for those with a legal and financial interest in professional football, such as lawyers, agents, managers and administrators, but is also aimed at researchers and academics. Michele Bernasconi, Attorney-at-law in Zurich, Switzerland, Arbitrator at CAS and President of the Swiss Sports Law Association provided a foreword for the book. Frans M. de Weger is senior legal counsel working for the Dutch Federation of Professional Football Clubs (FBO). In 2015 he was, at the proposal of the European Club Association (ECA), appointed as an arbitrator for the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). As a legal counsel and a CAS arbitrator he is involved in several national and international football-related legal disputes. This book appears in the ASSER International Sports Law Series, under the editorship of Prof. Dr. Ben Van Rompuy and Dr. Antoine Duval. "Frans de Weger's work on the jurisprudence of the DRC is a "must-have" for anybody dealing with sports law and, in particular, dealing with football issues under the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players." Massimo Coccia Professor of International Law and Attorney-at-Law in Rome and CAS Arbitrator "Where to go when trying to understand the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players? Now Frans de Weger has the answer with his new version of the much-awaited and needed Jurisprudence of the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber." Juan de Dios Crespo Perez Sports Lawyer "The second edition of this book, which is systematic and practical at the same time, will surely be of great interest to both specialists active in the world of "football law" and aspiring individuals." Wouter Lambrecht Attorney-at-law, Head of Legal at the European Club Association, FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber Member and Mediator at the CAS

The Elgar Companion to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is a one-stop reference resource on this complex tribunal, established in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, which closed its doors on 31 December 2015. This Companion provides an insightful account of the workings and legacy of the ICTR in the field of international criminal justice. Surveying and analyzing the contributions from different disciplinary angles, the Companion is comprised of four comprehensive parts. It begins with a detailed account of the establishment of the ICTR, covering the setting up of the tribunal, its mandate, structure and personnel. The second part explores substantive law and examines issues such as genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, sexual violence and modes of liability. The third part discusses procedural law and explores investigation, arrest, trial/appeal, evidence, rights of the accused, rights of victims and sentencing. It concludes with the fourth part, which considers the contribution of the ICTR to international criminal justice, as well as to the lives of Rwandans. An important contribution to the jurisprudence of international criminal courts, the Companion will appeal to academics, students and legal practitioners alike. It will be fascinating reading for anyone interested in international criminal law or the recent history of Rwanda. Contributors include: P. Akhavan, K. Ambos, S. Bock, C. Buisman, N.A. Combs, A.-M. de Brouwer, M.A. Drumbl, H. Hintjens, B. Hola, H.B. Jallow, U. Kaitesi, G.W. Mugwanya, R. Muzigo-Morrison, F.M. Ndahinda, F.-X. Nsanzuwera, A. Odora-Obote, V. Oosterveld, C. Paulussen, N Pillay, A. Smeulers

Professor Hermann Mosler, former Director of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, former Judge and Vice President of the European Court of Human Rights, Judge of the Interna tional Court of Justice from 1976 to 1985, celebrated his 80th birthday at the end of the year 1992. On 22nd January 1993, the Max Planck Institute organized a colloquium in honour of Hermann Mosler, on a topic which is of theoretical as weIl as practical interest: Interim Measures Indicated by International Courts. The participants of the colloquium were outstanding scholars and experts in the area of international dispute settlement. The present publication is based on the colloquium of January 1993. It contains four reports, namelyon the International Court of Justice (Thirl way), the Court of Justice of the European Communities (Jacobs), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Buergenthal) and the European Court of Human Rights (Bernhardt). Three of the reports were orally pre sented and discussed, and they have been revised and expanded for this publication; the report by Thomas Buergenthal could only be submitted in writing. In preparing the colloquium the authors were requested to concentrate their contributions on the following questions : 1. Legal bases for the indication of interim measures (convention, statute, rules of court). 2. Conditions for the indication of interim measures (jurisdiction, compe tence, admissibility, urgency, necessity - irreparable damage -; request of the parties andjor indication by the court proprio molu).

Since its creation at the epoch-making Hague Peace Conference of 1899, which was attended by 26 states, the Permanent Court of Arbitration has contributed significantly to the development of peaceful means to resolve international disputes. In case after case, the Court's tribunals have prevented international "incidents" and other tensions from flaring into open hostility, and set precedents that greatly curtail the justification of violence between nations. This centenary publication provides a resource for international lawyers and arbitrators. It provides: detailed summaries of all the awards, decisions and reports rendered by both arbitral tribunals and conciliation commissions, as well as by fact-finding commissions of inquiry, appointed by the Court throughout its 100-year history; a penetrating analysis of the signal contributions of the Permanent Court of Arbitration to international law and dispute resolution; and expert commentary on some of the procedural challenges faced and resolved by the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, arguably the most important arbitral tribunal of the 20th century, whose inception at the PCA preceded a 20-year history of achievement. The book reveals the surprising modernity of this venerable institution. The record contained in these pages is sure to provide guidance to practitioners engaged in international dispute resolution as we move into the next millennium.

The Tribunal, concerned principally with the claims of US nationals against Iran, is the most important international claims tribunal to have sat in over half a century. Its jurisprudence is bound to make a uniquely important contribution to international law and, in particular, the law relating to aliens. The series is the only complete and fully indexed report of the decisions of this unique Tribunal. These Reports are essential for all practitioners in the field of international claims, academics in private and public international law, and comparative lawyers, as well as all governments and law libraries. Each volume contains a detailed consolidated index and tables of cases covering the whole series to date.

"The Legacy of Punishment in International Law illustrates how 17th and 18th century rationales for the use of force in support of piracy and colonialism have been transformed into progressive features of contemporary International Law. The classic practice of international punishment was a part of the jus ad bellum, and was the fig leaf for intra-European violence, and for the European conquest of the Americas. It has been transformed, however, into the basis for the assertion of a set of unconditionally, universally binding rules of international law, and for universal jurisdiction over perpetrators of crimes against humanity and war crimes"--

Over the last half-century, as UNCITRAL official, professor, arbitrator and father of the Willem C. Vis Arbitration Moot, Eric Bergsten has been at the forefront of progress in international commercial arbitration. Now, on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, the international arbitration and sales law community has gathered to honour him with this substantial collection of new essays on the many facets of the field to which he continues to bring his intellect, integrity, inquisitive nature, eye for detail, precision, and commitment to public service. Celebrating the long-standing and sustained contribution Eric Bergsten has made in international commercial law, international arbitration, and legal education, more than fifty colleagues - among them quite a few of the best-known arbitrators and arbitration academics in the world - present 45 pieces that, individually both engaging and incisive, collectively present a thorough and far-reaching account of the state of the field today, with contributions covering international sales law, commercial law, commercial arbitration, and investment arbitration. In addition, nine essays on issues in legal education mirror the great importance of the renowned Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot, Eric's Vienna project which has offered a life-changing experience for so many young lawyers from all over the world. Although the book was planned as a token of appreciation and gratitude, the perspectives and insights that emerged as this substantial and authoritative collection of essays took shape offer immeasurable promise to the community of arbitration professionals. The book will be consulted for decades to come.

This book highlights the importance of optional choice of court agreements, and the need for future research and legal development in this area. The law relating to choice of court agreements has developed significantly in recent years, reflecting their increased use in practice. However, most recent legal developments concern exclusive choice of court agreements. In comparison, optional choice of court agreements, also called permissive forum selection clauses and non-exclusive jurisdiction clauses, have attracted little attention from lawmakers or commentators. This collection is comprised of 19 National Reports, providing a critical analysis of the legal treatment of optional choice of court agreements, including asymmetric choice of court agreements, under national laws as well as under multilateral instruments. It also includes a General Report offering an overview of this area of the law and a synthesis of the findings of the national reporters. The contributions to this collection show that the legal treatment of optional choice of courts differs between legal systems. In some countries, the law on the effect of optional choice of court agreements is at an early stage in its development, whereas in others the law is relatively advanced. Irrespective of this, the national reporters identify unresolved issues with the effect of optional choice of court agreements, where the law is unclear or the cases are conflicting, demonstrating that this topic warrants greater attention. This book is of interest to judges, legislators, lawyers, academics and students who are concerned with private international law and international civil procedure.

This book sets out an agenda to transform international criminal trials and the delivery of international criminal justice to victim communities through collaboration of currently competing paradigms. It reflects a transformation of thinking about the comparative analysis of the trial process, and seeks to advance the boundaries of international criminal justice through wider access and inclusivity in an environment of rights protection.Collaborative justice is advanced as providing the future context of international criminal trials. The book's radical dimension is its argument for the harmonization of restorative and retributive justice within the international criminal trial. The focus is initially on the trial process, a key symbol of developing international styles of justice. It examines theoretical models and political applications of criminal justice through detailed empirical analysis, in order to explore the underlying relationship of theory and empirical study, applying the outcome in theory testing and policy evaluation in several different jurisdictions. The book injects a significant comparative dimension into the study of international criminal justice.This is achieved through searching the traditional foundations of internationalism in justice by employing an original methodology to enable a multi-dimensional exploration of contexts (local, regional and global), so recognising the importance of difference within an agenda suggesting synthesis.The book argues for a concept of international trial within a 'rights paradigm', understood against different procedural traditions and practices, and provides a detailed description of trials and trial decision-making in various jurisdictions. Transforming International Criminal Justice also sets out to develop effective research strategies as part of its interrogation of specific trial narratives and meanings in contemporary legal cultures. Key themes are those of internationalisation, fair trial and the exercise of discretion in justice resolutions (sentencing in particular), and the lay/professional relationship and its dynamics. Finally, the book provides a searching critique of the relevance of existing criminology and legal sociology in relation to international criminal justice, and speculates on trial transformation and the merger of retributive and restorative international criminal justice. comparative analysis of the criminal trial process internationallyargues for harmonization of retributive and restorative justice within the international criminal trialsets out an agenda to transform international criminal trials and the delivery of international criminal justice to victim communities

With its often vague legal concepts and institutions that operate according to unfamiliar procedures, judicial decision-making is, in many respects, a highly enigmatic process. New Directions in Judicial Politics seeks to demystify the courts, offering students the insights of empirical research to address questions that are of genuine interest to students.

In addition to presenting a set of conclusions about the way in which courts operate, this book also provides students with a sense of the craft of political research, illustrating how one can account for a variety of factors that might affect the courts and how they operate. New Directions in Judicial Politics invites critical thinking, not only about the original research presented by some of the most noted scholars in the field, but also about the validity and generalizability of material encountered in a study of judicial politics.

This book presents an in-depth analysis of the environmental issues raised in the South China Sea Arbitration Awards, which have not attracted as much attention in the Philippines as the "nine-dash line". Specifically it focuses on the conservation of endangered species and the conservation of fragile ecosystems in the South China Sea. The aims of the book are two-fold. First, it seeks to explain the Philippine perspective on the environmental aspects of its dispute with China. The book reconstructs the Philippine perspective in part by consulting several dozens of the hundreds of documents that the Philippines submitted to the Tribunal. Some of these documents were classified as secret and would thus have never been made available to the public had it not been for the arbitration. Second, it attempts to explain the decisions of the Tribunal on jurisdiction and admissibility as well as the decisions on the merits of the dispute. The book does this by consulting not only the two Awards but also the hundreds of pages of transcripts, expert reports, supplemental submissions and written responses by the Philippines to questions posed by the Tribunal.

Arbitration has been promoted as the future of tax dispute resolution in recent years in line with the increase in complexity of international tax law. This authoritative book presents existing legal rules on the matter, provides a review of the arguments in favour of tax arbitration, discusses the practical and legal challenges for its wide-spread adoption and compatibility with existing domestic and international norms. It also answers key questions for the practical implementation of a modern tax arbitration system. Key Features: Comprehensive analysis of the existing tax treaty framework and their application to MAP and arbitration Up-to-date guidance on the best practices in alternative dispute resolution to ensure effective and efficient dispute resolution Original insights from dispute resolution mechanisms found in non-tax areas such as trade and investment law In-depth discussion of primary and secondary EU law rules on tax dispute resolution, including implications of EU general principles, fundamental rights and internal market rules Identifying some of the new issues in tax arbitration and offering views on how to tackle them in the most appropriate way, this book will be a key resource for tax law practitioners looking for the latest insights on how to navigate the legal framework for alternative tax dispute resolution. Students and academics focusing on commercial and tax law will also benefit from this detailed guide.

Ideas are the fuel of industry and the entertainment business. Likewise, manufacturers receive suggestions for new products or improvements to existing products, and retailers frequently receive ideas for new marketing campaigns. Many ideas are not new and may be used by anyone without the risk of incurring any legal liability, but some ideas are novel and valuable. If the originator of a potentially useful idea does not have the financial resources to exploit the idea, he or she may submit it to another, with the expectation of receiving compensation if the idea is used. Although an extensive body of intellectual property law exists to protect the rights of inventors, authors, and businesses that own valuable brands or confidential proprietary information, raw ideas receive no protection. Nevertheless, the originator of a potentially useful and marketable idea is not without legal recourse. The courts have developed, through a long line of common law precedents, legal protection for novel and concrete ideas under certain circumstances. The originator of an idea can rely on contract law, whereby the recipient may expressly or impliedly agree to pay for the idea. Alternatively, if the idea is disclosed in confidence, its unauthorized use by the recipient allows the originator of the idea to recover compensation. Finally, some courts have treated the ownership of ideas as quasi-property rights.

* Offers a user-friendly treatment of the intersection of code, statute, and case law that defines the law of crimes with critical, ethical, and moral emphasis on why certain conduct has been defined and deemed criminal by design * Written from a perspective honoring those entrusted with the many functions and processes related to the law of crimes * Uses a more Socratic method than the competitors by emphasizing the jurisprudential wisdom behind particular laws

The Tribunal, concerned principally with the claims of US nationals against Iran, is the most important international claims tribunal to have sat in over half a century. Its jurisprudence is bound to make a uniquely important contribution to international law and, in particular, the law relating to aliens. The series is the only complete and fully indexed report of the decisions of this unique Tribunal. These Reports are essential for all practitioners in the field of international claims, academics in private and public international law, and comparative lawyers, as well as all governments and law libraries. Each volume contains a detailed consolidated index and tables of cases covering the whole series to date.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration has been a great success in harmonizing the law of arbitration around the world. Several dozen countries have either adopted the law or amended their own laws to be in conformity with it. The fact that the law is the same in so many countries allows courts from each country to benefit from the interpretation of the Model Law provisions in many countries. This book, written by distinguished arbitration practitioners, compiles decisions applying the Model Law from most Model Law jurisdictions, and organizes them in order to provide easy reference. The cases are organized by section of the Model law, with the cases applying that section from multiple jurisdictions summarized together. Each summary includes a statement of the holding of the case, a broader summary of the facts and the ruling, and case citations. This compilation will allow arbitration counsel to compare and to readily use rulings under each Model Law section from multiple jurisdictions. Decisions are compiled applying the Model Law from various Model Law jurisdictions and cases are organized by section of the Model Law, with the cases applying to that section from multiple jurisdictions summarized together.

The book summarizes the work of international criminal courts focusing on the political challenges faced by them. It is a practical, comprehensive manual on the origin and development of international criminal justice and includes the criminal tribunals of Nuremberg, Tokyo, Yugoslavia, Rwanda, East Timor, Sierra Leone, Cambodia, Lebanon, Iraq.

Against a background of worldwide competition among jurisdictions to host arbitral proceedings in the wake of globalization, the very special advantages of Macau are rising inexorably. A European settlement since the sixteenth century, this Portuguese-speaking city on China's south coast has been positioning itself as an exemplary East - West trade centre since China's famous 'opening' to the West in the 1970s. Now, diversifying its role as a service platform, Macau is poised to become a preeminent locus for commercial arbitration between China and the major developed and emerging trade nations of the West - of particular interest to its major Lusophone counterparts Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, and Portugal, but, because of its traditional and highly developed 'Europeanness,' to other major trading jurisdictions as well. This book does not only provide thoroughgoing answers to the question, 'Why should arbitration proceedings take place in Macau?' - it goes far deeper, examining Macau's current legal and economic systems and ultimately offering a 'roadmap' to facilitate the emergence - and international acceptance - of Macau as a prime focus for international commercial arbitration involving China. Among the topics arising in the course of the analysis are the following:; elements that parties consider when selecting an arbitral seat; China's interest in the diverse markets and resources of Portugal, Brazil, and Portuguesespeaking Africa and Asia; the unrealized potential for economic co-operation between China and the Lusophone community of nations; Macau as a cultural and economic platform; Macau's high degree of autonomy;; comparative law and Macau's vantage point; stakeholders - legislators, arbitral institutions, arbitrators, the hospitality industry; Sino-Lusophone commercial arbitration as a specific market; Macau's legal framework; the role of the New York Convention; and measures to ensure the international enforceability of awards. Focusing on the challenges and hurdles Macau needs to overcome in order to succeed in this endeavour, the author provides detailed recommendations and guidelines concerning such important aspects of an arbitral seat as qualified administrative staff, qualified arbitrators, suitable arbitration rules, time and cost efficiency, publication of arbitral awards, a model arbitration clause, purpose-built facilities, and skilled professional translators and interpreters with legal knowledge. This roadmap will be useful not only for Macau but also for others jurisdictions interested in asserting themselves as suitable venues for international commercial arbitration.