Bringing together leading experts on the law of the sea, The South China Sea Arbitration provides a detailed analysis of the significant aspects, findings and legal reasoning in the high-profile case of the South China Sea Arbitration between the Philippines and China. The book offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of the major issues discussed in the Arbitration including jurisdiction, procedure, maritime entitlement, and the protection of the marine environment. The chapters also explore the implications of the case for the South China Sea disputes and possible dispute settlements under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The robust discussion in each chapter will be an invaluable contribution to the ongoing debate on the South China Sea Arbitration. This informative and compelling book will be essential reading for scholars and students of public international law, law of the sea, international dispute settlement and international relations. Policy makers and governmental officials with responsibility for law of the sea and international dispute settlement, as well as members of international courts and tribunals, international organisations and non-governmental organisations, will find this book a stimulating read. Contributors include: R. Beckman, T. Davenport, E. Franckx, L.Q. Hung, S. Jayakumar, S. Kaye, T. Koh, Y. Lyons, M.H. Nordquist, N. Oral, H.D. Phan, J.A. Roach, C Symmons

Parties to Latin American commercial transactions have long needed a clear and detailed guide to the dispute resolution mechanisms and procedures available through the many relevant regional institutions that operate in South and Central America, Mexico, and the Caribbean. This incomparable book meets this need. In clear, non-expert English, it explains the different dispute resolution procedures of which companies and their counsel can take advantage in the course of doing business. The author pays close attention to the underlying treaties and protocols, some of which are not available in English. Among the many valuable resources provided are the following: an overview of regional and sub-regional institutions relevant to international dispute resolution; description of other institutions which provide investment guarantee protection and dispute resolution services, including the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and its sister institutions; insight into the way each institution is structured and how each legislates for its member states; analysis of substantive and procedural rights available to investors and states under the rules of each institution; and, details on how information can be obtained from the respective institutions for the purposes of further research. It also provides: rules of operation of supra-national/sitting courts and ad hoc tribunals, including the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights, the Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission (IACAC), the Andean Court of Justice, the Caribbean Court of Justice, Mercosur's established arbitral tribunals and Permanent Review Tribunal, and the Central American Court of Justice; analysis of major Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), including the Group of Three Agreement, the US-CAFTA-DR, and the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA); investment protection afforded by Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and Free Trade Agreements, with a country-by-country compendium of the BITs and FTAs signed by each; and discussion of regional initiatives of relevance to future policy-making. Especially valuable coverage includes information that has been dispersed and difficult to locate in English, such as details of MIGA's dispute mediation service and recent changes in Central American Common Market rules. As a complete and consolidated text on the bilateral, multilateral and sub-regional institutions that operate in Latin America and the Caribbean, International Dispute Resolution in Latin America: An Institutional Overview will be of great interest to corporate counsel, international lawyers, and business people, as well as to students of international dispute resolution and international affairs. Public officials in the region will appreciate the book's assistance in enabling them to decipher the institutional labyrinth which currently exists in Latin America.

This book, since its first edition in 2004, has been widely used as a peerless practitioners' guide to international arbitration in Switzerland. Keeping in line with the first edition, this second edition describes in detail each phase of arbitral proceedings, from drafting the arbitration clause to challenge and enforcement of the award. The second edition continues to pay close attention to all aspects, including procedure before the arbitral tribunal, interim measures, confidentiality, the mediation alternative, and many other topics. The new edition has been extensively revised to take fully into account the newly amended Swiss Rules of International Arbitration, as well as numerous changes internationally, such as the revised ICC Rules and the revised UNCITRAL Rules. Many new decisions of the Swiss Federal Tribunal relating to arbitration are also considered, as is legal commentary. The second edition also features a chart comparing major institutional arbitration rules on all aspects of the arbitral process covered by those rules. There are also two entirely new chapters - one on the legislative framework of Swiss arbitration law, and one addressing costs of arbitration. The approach throughout is rigorously practice-oriented, adding theoretical support whenever necessary. With the help of this book, practitioners will proceed confidently as they approach such tasks as the following: drafting an effective arbitration clause and choosing between ad hoc and institutional arbitration; understanding the manner in which arbitral proceedings can be structured and evaluating what is best suited to their needs; weighing the possibilities of interim relief at their disposal; anticipating the duration and costs of proceedings; and assessing post-award options. Whilst focusing on the latest developments in international commercial arbitration, International Arbitration in Switzerland includes sections on sports arbitration (with a focus on the Court of Arbitration for Sport in Lausanne) and on Swiss-based public international law dispute settlement mechanisms, such as those of the WTO and the UNCC.

Opposite pages bear duplicate numbering

International Organizations as Law-makers addresses how international organizations with a global reach, such as the UN and the WTO, have changed the mechanisms and reasoning behind the making, implementation, and enforcement of international law. Alvarez argues that existing descriptions of international law and international organizations do not do justice to the complex changes resulting from the increased importance of these institutions after World War II, and especially from changes after the end of the Cold War. In particular, this book examines the impact of the institutions on international law through the day to day application and interpretation of institutional law, the making of multilateral treaties, and the decisions of a proliferating number of institutionalized dispute settlers. The introductory chapters synthesize and challenge the existing descriptions and theoretical frameworks for addressing international organizations. Part I re-examines the law resulting from the activity of political organs, such as the UN General Assembly and Security Council, technocratic entities within UN specialized agencies, and international financial institutions such as the IMF, and considers their impact on the once sacrosanct 'domestic jurisdiction' of states, as well as on traditional conceptions of the basic sources of international law. Part II assesses the impact of the move towards institutions on treaty-making. It addresses the interplay between negotiating venues and procedures and interstate cooperation and asks whether the involvement of international organizations has made modern treaties 'better'. Part III examines the proliferation of institutionalized dispute settlers, from the UN Secretary General to the WTO's dispute settlement body, and re-examines their role as both settlers of disputes and law-makers. The final chapter considers the promise and the perils of the turn to formal institutions for the making of the new kinds of 'soft' and 'hard' global law, including the potential for forms of hegemonic international law.

Under globalization, the resolution of commercial disputes across national borders is assuming ever greater importance. This study explores a range of possible approaches, both within the established legal infrastructure, and through alternatives, not only arbitration, but also non-confrontational means such as negotiation and mediation/conciliation. The Japanese experience in dispute processing is taken as a means of exploring the ways in which international harmonization efforts such as the UNCITRAL Model Law impact on individual nations. As an Asian nation which has adopted and adapted a variety of Western practices under modernization and democratization, Japan is in a unique position to offer a balanced global example - a model for a more comprehensive approach to disputes as an integrated multi-layered system. The book should be of interest to the scholar and practitioner of trans-national/cultural commercial dispute processing as well as those who are involved in the law reform technical co-operation.

The European Convention on Human Rights is one of the most influential human rights documents in existence, in terms of its scope, impact, and jurisdiction. Yet it was not drafted with children, let alone children's rights, in mind. Nevertheless, the European Court of Human Rights has developed a large body of jurisprudence regarding children, ranging from areas such as juvenile justice and immigration, to education and religion, and the protection of physical integrity. Its influence in the sphere of family law has been profound, in particular in the attribution of parenthood, and in cases concerning child abduction, child protection, and adoption. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the jurisprudence of the Court as it relates to children, highlighting its many achievements in this field, while also critiquing its ongoing weaknesses. In doing so, it tracks the evolution of the Court's treatment of children's rights, from its inauspicious and paternalistic beginnings to an emerging recognition of children's individual agency.

In recent decades there has been a considerable growth in the activities of international tribunals and the establishment of new tribunals. Furthermore, supervisory bodies established to control compliance with treaty obligations have adopted decisions in an increasing number of cases. National courts further add to the practice of adjudication of claims based on international law. While this increasing practice of courts and supervisory bodies strengthens the adjudicatory process in international law, it also poses challenges to the unity of international law. Most of these courts operate within their own special regime (functional, regional, or national) and will primarily interpret and apply international law within the framework of that particular regime. The role of domestic courts poses special challenges, as the powers of such courts to give effect to international law, as well as their actual practice in applying such law, largely will be determined by national law. At the same time, both international and national courts have recognised that they do not operate in isolation from the larger international legal system, and have found various ways to counteract the process of fragmentation that may result from their jurisdictional limitations. This book explores how international and national courts can, and do, mitigate fragmentation of international law. It contains case studies from international regimes (including the WTO, the IMF, investment arbitration and the ECtHR) and from various national jurisdictions (including Japan, Norway, Switzerland and the UK), providing a basis for conclusions to be drawn in the final chapter.

This book contains a collection of essays by leading experts linked to the outstanding characteristics of the scholar in honour of whom it is published, Tullio Treves, who combines his academic background with his practical experiences of a negotiator of international treaties and a judge of an international tribunal. It covers international public and private law related to international courts and the development of international law.

Under Article 38 of its Statute, the International Court of Justice can apply judicial decisions only as a subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law . However, there are many reasons to believe that international courts and tribunals do play quite an important role in the progressive development of international law. There are a number of decisions which are inevitably recalled as the first step, or a decisive step, in the process of the formation of a new rule of customary international law. In these cases, can the judge be considered as a subsidiary of others? Are these cases compatible with the common belief that a judge cannot create law? Is this a peculiarity of international law, which is characterized by the existence of several courts but the lack of a legislator? Do decisions by different courts lead to the consequence of a fragmented international law? This volume provides the reader with an elaboration of various questions linked to the legislative role of courts.

In their choices of subjects, some contributors have taken into account the general aspects of the development of international rules through court decisions or specific sectors of international law, such as human rights, international crimes, international economic law, environmental law and the law of the sea. Others have chosen the subject of the rules on jurisdiction and procedure of international courts. The question of the courts role in the development of areas of law different from public international law, namely private international law and European Union law, has also been considered.

The information and views contained in this book will be of great value to academics, students, judges, practitioners and all others interested in the public and private international law aspects of the link between international courts and the development of international law.

The sixty-third volume of the Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals contains the most important decisions taken by the ICC from 23 May 2014 to 1 December 2014. It provides the reader with the full text of the decisions identical to the original version and including concurring, separate and dissenting opinions. Distinguished experts in the field of international criminal law have commented on these decisions. Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals is useful for students, scholars, legal practitioners, judges, prosecutors and defence counsel who are interested in the various legal aspects of the law of the ICTY, ICTR, ICC and other forms of international criminal adjudication. The Annotated Leading Cases of International Criminal Tribunals are also available online. This service facilitates various search functions on all volumes of all international criminal tribunals. See for information on the online version of this series: http://www.annotatedleadingcases.com/about.aspx.

This greatly updated and expanded version of a 1996 classic - in its time, the first major study on the practice of international business dispute resolution - is a new book in itself. Benefitting from a comprehensive empirical survey of new trends in the field, and from discussions of the newest tools for making settlement negotiations more effectie, the second edition is a "must have" resource for anyone dealing with a potential conflict in international business relationships. The authors' analysis is rooted in the experience of over 100 top practitioners from 17 countries, distilling the conduct of over 3000 international commercial arbitrations and mediations. The book's in-depth coverage includes such key considerations as the following: process, legal framework, and transaction costs of international commercial arbitrations; practical techniques to integrate mediation and arbitration in international business; conflict and negotiation theory as a conceptual basis for mediation and other alternative dispute resolution techniques; guidelines for the design of procedures for effective conflict management in international business; and statements and recommendations of numerous practitioners made during personal interviews. An abundance of illustrative graphs, tables and practical checklists enhances the presentation throughout. As a detailed analysis of how dispute resolution actually works in modern international business - with practical guidance on relevant techniques - this book will be of enormous value to corporate counsel and to international lawyers and business persons, as well as to scholars and students of dispute resolution.

Foreign investors enjoy the protection of a vast network of international investment agreements (IIAs) supplemented by the general rules of international law. Under these treaties, states must accord substantive standards of promotion and protection, in addition to an investor-state arbitration mechanism that allows investors to enforce these standards against host states. In response to disputes arising under the IIA regime, since the early 1990s a significant body of arbitral jurisprudence has come into being. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive explanation of these standards of treatment, taking into account the full weight of relevant jurisprudence as it continues to evolve. Where possible, the authors critically examine applicable principles that can be seen to emerge for international commercial arbitration practitioners.The book focuses on the substantive protections accorded to investors and investments and on the variations among jurisdictions. Among the many specific issues and topics that arise in the course of the discussion are the following:A { problems of transparency and conflict of interest;A { the recent growth in IIAs between and among developing nations;A { the effect of new model bilateral investment treaties (BITs);A { the ability of non-disputing parties to participate in investor-state arbitration;A { theories of the interaction of foreign direct investment (FDI) and BITs;A { investor-state arbitration as an evasion of public regulatory authority;A { the role of investment funds in international investment;A { A fork in the road A| provisions; andA { institutional versus ad hoc arbitration.International business and other investors will greatly appreciate the in-depth information and insightful guidance in this solidly useful book. It will also be welcomed by jurists and students as a significant milestone in the development of principles in a quickly growing field of practice that is still plagued with inconsistencies.

The European Union (EU) has now become the largest trade partner of China. While the Sino-US trade relations and particularly the high-profile trade disputes between the US and China get considerable academic attention for geopolitical reasons, very few researches have been done on the Sino-EU trade disputes that gradually loom large on the horizon. This book delves into the trade disputes between China and the EU and identifies the causes for trade disputes. It examines how the disputes will shape the China-EU trade relations, and offers a macro overview on how the issues can be resolved or at least how they should be managed.

This timely book sheds light on the Sino-EU trade disputes thus putting it in global perspective and enriches the literature in this regard.

This book offers the ideal way for a foreign lawyer to get in touch with litigation practice and procedure in the Netherlands. Whether a lawyer comes to Dutch litigation in the normal course of business, or whether the brief and inexpensive kort geding (preliminary relief proceedings) is the main attraction, this concise guide provides a solid understanding of the practical implications of Dutch litigation. This is the indispensable tool for meaningful exchanges with your Dutch litigation counsel, prior or during any lawsuit. The authors are seasoned practitioners, experienced in representing international clients in the Dutch legal arena. Expertly they cover the three types of dispute resolution practiced under Dutch law: litigation in the civil courts, including corporate litigation in the Enterprise Court, as well as recent changes to the Code of Civil Procedure and discussion of likely trends arising from new and pending legislative proposals; arbitration, including discussion of mediation and expert determination; and administrative litigation, including admissibility, administrative review, jurisdiction, preliminary relief, and judicial review in the civil courts.

It is increasingly held that international commercial arbitration is becoming colonized by litigation. This book addresses, in a range of ways and from various locations and sites, those aspects of arbitration practice that are considered crucial for its integrity as an institution and its independence as a professional practice. The chapters offer multiple perspectives on the major issues in play, highlighting challenges facing the institution of arbitration, and identifying opportunities available for its development as an institution. The evidence of arbitration practice presented is set against the background of practitioner perceptions and experience from more than 20 countries. The volume will serve as a useful resource for all scholars and practitioners interested in the institution of arbitration and its professional practices.

The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, and epitomizes the very notion of international judicial institution. Yet, it decides inter-State disputes only with the parties' consent. This makes it more similar to international arbitral tribunals than other international courts. However, the permanent nature of the Court, the predetermination of procedural rules by the Statute and the Rules of Court, the public character of proceedings, the opportunity for third States to intervene in a case under Articles 62 and 63 of the Statute and the Court's role as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations mark a structural difference between the ICJ and non-institutionalized international arbitral tribunals. This book analyses if and to what extent these features have influenced the approach of the ICJ (and of the PCIJ before it) to its own judicial function and have led it to depart from the principles established in international arbitration.

A selection of cases decided by ICC arbitrators during the period 1986-1990. It reproduces case notes including extracts of awards in their original language with a commentary, as well as three indexes - an analytical and chronological one, and a keyword index in English and French - for easy reference. This reference should be of value to all interested in ICC arbitration procedure and ICC awards applying the various laws of a variety of trading nations.

The contribution of the ad hoc Tribunals to international criminal law and international justice has been manifold, both academically and historically, and they will continue to influence the findings and decisions of many other courts (both domestic and international), and to provoke discussion for many years to Come. This volume provides the first comprehensive analysis of the law of international crimes as applied by the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. International Crimes and the Ad Hoc Tribunals examines the legal and historical significance of some of the most important judicial developments to occur in the last 50 years in international criminal law. It states the law of the Tribunals, and provides concrete illustrations of the application of the law to a variety of criminal cases, providing a comprehensive and detailed analysis of this voluminous body of jurisprudence. The primary focus is on the jurisdiction ratione materiae of the Tribunals: the definition and application of the law of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. However, it also examines the Tribunals' jurisdiction ratione personae, insofar as this enables a full understanding of the law of crimes (for instance, in relation to forms of criminal liability).

The first in a series of Companions that offer broad coverage of a range of international courts and tribunals, The Elgar Companion to the International Court of Justice is a one-stop reference for those wishing to understand this highly significant and successful court.The Companion offers an objective account of how the ICJ came into being, the general principles on which it was founded, and how it functions today. It addresses certain fundamental aspects of the Court, such as its jurisdiction, structure and jurisprudence, as well as its role in the wider world. The Companion gives a human flavor to the institution through the portraits of some of the great figures that have served as its judges. Written in a lucid and clear manner, the Companion will appeal to all those interested in learning more about the work of the principal judicial body of the United Nations. Contents: I. The Idea and the Creation of an International Court 2. From the Permanent Court of International Justice to the International Court of Justice 3. Institutional Background of the Court 4. The ICJ and Other Tribunals in The Hague 5. The UN Charter, the ICJ Statute, the Rules of Court and the Practice Directions 6. The Composition of the Court 7. The Judges of the Court - Some Portraits 8. The Registry 9. The Contentious Jurisdiction of the Court and the Admissibility of Claims 10. The Great Principles of the Law of the ICJ 11. The Advisory Proceedings 12. The Procedure and Process 14. Conclusion and Outlook Judgments, Advisory opinions and Orders rendered by the ICJ (by chronological order) Index

Due to the nature of the arbitration process, provisional measures - especially interim protection of rights - tend to play a disproportionate role in international commercial arbitrations. Indeed, the need to clearly define such measures often constitutes the major stumbling block on the path to an effective resolution of a commercial dispute. This concise but enormously useful volume offers practitioners the information and advice they need to overcome this obstacle in the best possible way every time. The author covers all the relevant avenues of research and practice, from an overview of the concept of provisional measures to an in-depth analysis of the weight and enforceability of such measures. Along the way the treatment covers such crucial topics and issues as the following: scholarly analysis of the problems and uncertainties surrounding provisional measures, and their solutions in light of arbitral and judicial practice; the complex interaction of historical prejudices, political will, and business needs that impact the usefulness of provisional measures; choice of forum to seek provisional measures and the problems associated with such choice; complementary mechanisms to arbitration for interim protection of rights; standards of principles and procedures for the grant of provisional measures; and a comprehensive review of the arbitrators' power to grant provisional measures and court assistance to arbitration. The presentation examines, compares, and analyses seventy sets of arbitration rules on provisional measures (including the arbitration rules of the ICC, AAA, and LCIA), all of the major state laws on commercial arbitration, and detailed analyses of numerous ICC and AAA awards, most of which have not been published before. This new and fully researched book fulfils and important need for user-friendly and complete practical coverage of provisional measures in international commercial arbitration. It will be of great value to corporate counsel, international lawyers, and business people, as well as to students of dispute resolution.

Counterclaims, the right of a State sued by another State to bring its own counter-suit in the course of the same trial, may offer an opportunity to mitigate the effects of the original suit and help to resolve disputes between States that have more than one aspect. In recent years, counterclaims have been frequently presented at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). This book examines the counterclaims presented at the ICJ and at its predecessor, the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), during its 65 years of existence. It is the first study that focuses exclusively on the subject of counterclaims. It analyses the evolution of the germane provisions in the PCIJ and ICJ Rules of Procedure and the practice of the Court, especially in light of the relevant case-law of the ICJ. A useful source for academics and practitioners in International law.

In a dispute, governments weigh up their options when selecting between various dispute settlement mechanisms. By scrutinising the interaction of institutional design with state interests, this book analyses why particular forums are selected in maritime boundary disputes.

Global governance emerged as a concept more than two decades ago. Despite its relevance to key processes underlying the major public policy questions of our age, the contours of 'global governance' remain contested and elusive. This Research Review seeks to clarify key trends and challenges in global governance by bringing together the leading scholarship on its different forms. The Research Review discusses key issues in relation to global governance institutions: democracy, legitimacy, accountability, fragmentation, effectiveness and dispute settlement.

This insightful book proposes taking inspiration from EU competition law structures to inform and implement a more economic approach in WTO law. The book provides a detailed account of the two legal systems regarding likeness, harm, and remedies, in order to draw comparisons. Taking a unique approach in synthesizing law and economics with comparative law methods, it considers WTO law holistically to propose a legal transplant from EU competition law to WTO law. Drawing from EU competition law, the book generates comparative ideas that can improve the understanding of fundamental WTO concepts such as likeness, less favourable treatment, discrimination, trade harm, trade effects, and the level of permissible countermeasures. Based on this analysis, the author offers normative suggestions to improve the efficiency of WTO law through correct implementation of a more economic approach. As part of this approach, the author recommends an increased capacity for all key actors involved in WTO dispute settlement. Exploring key WTO concepts and employing law and economics benchmarks to make comparisons, this thought-provoking book will be of benefit to scholars and students of law and economics, global transnational law and WTO law in particular. It will also prove valuable for practitioners and policy makers involved in international trade law and dispute settlement.

International arbitration perhaps crosses more practical and theoretical boundaries than any other area of law. A practitioner must approach the field prepared to deal with aspects of national, international and conflicts laws, public and private law, and substantive and procedural law. Crucial issues involve policy matters as well as the layers of national and international regulation of the arbitral process. There are also special considerations to be taken into account in the presence of state parties and of third parties. In a three-day symposium held at the School of International Arbitration, Centre for Commercial Law Studies (CCLS), Queen Mary University of London, on the occasion of its twentieth anniversary in April 2005, a stellar array of practitioners and academics undertook the task of taking a fresh look at some of the persistent legal and practice issues of international arbitration. The conference - and this book derived from it - illustrate the combination of the scholarly and the highly practical which has characterised the mission of the School of International Arbitration since its establishment in 1985. These insightful papers demonstrate not only the increasing breadth and scope of the subject, but also the way in which many of its themes and issues cross legal and disciplinary boundaries and pose questions for the future of the law and arbitration practice in an internationalised world. These include: public policy; mandatory rules; confidentiality; provisional measures; res judicata; costs; amicus briefs; groups of companies; parallel proceedings; and anti-suit injunctions. Contributors focus on topics and countries with which they have particular expertise or experience. Both international commercial and international investment arbitration are covered. This important book will be of great interest to arbitration lawyers, international lawyers and business people, as well as to academics, libraries, and students of dispute resolution.