Although adaptive filtering and adaptive array processing began with research and development efforts in the late 1950's and early 1960's, it was not until the publication of the pioneering books by Honig and Messerschmitt in 1984 and Widrow and Stearns in 1985 that the field of adaptive signal processing began to emerge as a distinct discipline in its own right. Since 1984 many new books have been published on adaptive signal processing, which serve to define what we will refer to throughout this book as conventional adaptive signal processing. These books deal primarily with basic architectures and algorithms for adaptive filtering and adaptive array processing, with many of them emphasizing practical applications. Most of the existing textbooks on adaptive signal processing focus on finite impulse response (FIR) filter structures that are trained with strategies based on steepest descent optimization, or more precisely, the least mean square (LMS) approximation to steepest descent. While literally hundreds of archival research papers have been published that deal with more advanced adaptive filtering concepts, none of the current books attempt to treat these advanced concepts in a unified framework. The goal of this new book is to present a number of important, but not so well known, topics that currently exist scattered in the research literature. The book also documents some new results that have been conceived and developed through research conducted at the University of Illinois during the past five years.

Modern Methods in Analytical Acoustics considers topics fundamental to the understanding of noise, vibration and fluid mechanisms. The series of lectures on which this material is based began by some twenty five years ago and has been developed and expanded ever since. Acknowledged experts in the field have given this course many times in Europe and the USA. Although the scope of the course has widened considerably, the primary aim of teaching analytical techniques of acoustics alongside specific areas of wave motion and unsteady fluid mechanisms remains. The distinguished authors of this volume are drawn from Departments of Acoustics, Engineering of Applied Mathematics in Berlin, Cambridge and London. Their intention is to reach a wider audience of all those concerned with acoustic analysis than has been able to attend the course.

Research in the field of automatic speech and speaker recognition has made a number of significant advances in the last two decades, influenced by advances in signal processing, algorithms, architectures, and hardware. These advances include: the adoption of a statistical pattern recognition paradigm; the use of the hidden Markov modeling framework to characterize both the spectral and the temporal variations in the speech signal; the use of a large set of speech utterance examples from a large population of speakers to train the hidden Markov models of some fundamental speech units; the organization of speech and language knowledge sources into a structural finite state network; and the use of dynamic, programming based heuristic search methods to find the best word sequence in the lexical network corresponding to the spoken utterance. Automatic Speech and Speaker Recognition: Advanced Topics groups together in a single volume a number of important topics on speech and speaker recognition, topics which are of fundamental importance, but not yet covered in detail in existing textbooks. Although no explicit partition is given, the book is divided into five parts: Chapters 1-2 are devoted to technology overviews; Chapters 3-12 discuss acoustic modeling of fundamental speech units and lexical modeling of words and pronunciations; Chapters 13-15 address the issues related to flexibility and robustness; Chapter 16-18 concern the theoretical and practical issues of search; Chapters 19-20 give two examples of algorithm and implementational aspects for recognition system realization. Audience: A reference book for speech researchers and graduate students interested in pursuing potential research on the topic. May also be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

Client/Server applications are of increasing importance in industry, and have been improved by advanced distributed object-oriented techniques, dedicated tool support and both multimedia and mobile computing extensions. Recent responses to this trend are standardized distributed platforms and models including the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) of the Open Software Foundation (OS F), Open Distributed Processing (ODP), and the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) of the Object Management Group (OMG). These proceedings are the compilation of papers from the technical stream of the IFIPIIEEE International Conference on Distributed Platforms, Dresden, Germany. This conference has been sponsored by IFIP TC6.1, by the IEEE Communications Society, and by the German Association of Computer Science (GI -Gesellschaft fur Informatik). ICDP'96 was organized jointly by Dresden University of Technology and Aachen University of Technology. It is closely related to the International Workshop on OSF DCE in Karlsruhe, 1993, and to the IFIP International Conference on Open Distributed Processing. ICDP has been designed to bring together researchers and practitioners who are studying and developing new methodologies, tools and technologies for advanced client/server environ ments, distributed systems, and network applications based on distributed platforms."

The subject of wave phenomena is well-known for its inter-disciplinary nature. Progress in this field has been made both through the desire to solve very practical problems, arising in acoustics, optics, radiophysics, electronics, oceanography, me teorology and so on, and through the development of mathematical physics which emphasized that completely different physical phenomena are governed by the same (or similar) equations. In the immense literature on physics of waves there is no lack of good presentations of particular branches or general textbooks on mathematical physics. But if one restricts the attention to pulse propagation phenomena, one no tices that many useful facts are scattered among the various books and journals, and their connections are not immediately apparent. For example, the problems involv ing acoustic pulse propagation in bubbly liquids and those related to electromagnetic pulses in resonant media are usually treated without much cross reference in spite of their obvious connections. The authors of this book have attempted to write a coherent account of a few pulse propagation problems selected from different branches of applied physics. Although the basic material on linear pulse propagation is included, some topics have their own unique twists, and a comprehensive treatment of this body of material can hardly be found in other sources. First of all, the problem of pulse propagation in non equilibrium media (unstable or admitting attenuation) is far more delicate than it is apparent at a first glance."

IWPTS'95 (International Workshop on Protocol Test Systems) is being held this year at !NT (Institut National des Telecommunications), Evry, France, from 4 to 6 September, 1995. IWPTS'95 is the eighth of a series of annual meetings sponsored by the IFIP Working Group WG6.1 dedicated to "Architecture and Protocols for Computer Networks". The seven previous workshops were held in Vancouver (Canada, 1988), Berlin (Germany, 1989), Mclean (USA, 1990), Leidschendam (The Netherlands, 1991), Montreal (Canada, 1992), Pau (France, 1993) and Tokyo (Japan, 1994). The workshop is a meeting place where both research and industry, theory and practice come together. By bringing both researchers and practitioners together, IWPTS opens up the communication between these groups. This helps keep the research vital and improves the state of the practitioner's art. Forty-eight papers have been submitted to IWPTS'95 and all of them have been reviewed by the members of the Program Committee and additional reviewers. The completed reviewers list is included in this Proceedings. Based on these reviews, the Program Committee selected 26 for oral presentation and 4 to be presented as posters. Two specially invited papers complete the Workshop Program, which is composed of ten sessions: Testing Methods (Session 1), Test Environments (Session 2), Theoretical Framework (Session 3), Algorithms and Languages (Session 4), Test Generation 1 (Session 5), Testability (Session 6), Test Generation 2 (Session 7), Industrial Applications (Session 8), Distributed Testing and performance (Session 9) and Test Management (Session 10).

Modern airborne and spaceborne imaging radars, known as synthetic aperture radars (SARs), are capable of producing high-quality pictures of the earth's surface while avoiding some of the shortcomings of certain other forms of remote imaging systems. Primarily, radar overcomes the nighttime limitations of optical cameras, and the cloud- cover limitations of both optical and infrared imagers. In addition, because imaging radars use a form of coherent illumination, they can be used in certain special modes such as interferometry, to produce some unique derivative image products that incoherent systems cannot. One such product is a highly accurate digital terrain elevation map (DTEM). The most recent (ca. 1980) version of imaging radar, known as spotlight-mode SAR, can produce imagery with spatial resolution that begins to approach that of remote optical imagers. For all of these reasons, synthetic aperture radar imaging is rapidly becoming a key technology in the world of modern remote sensing. Much of the basic workings' of synthetic aperture radars is rooted in the concepts of signal processing. Starting with that premise, this book explores in depth the fundamental principles upon which the spotlight mode of SAR imaging is constructed, using almost exclusively the language, concepts, and major building blocks of signal processing. Spotlight-Mode Synthetic Aperture Radar: A Signal Processing Approach is intended for a variety of audiences. Engineers and scientists working in the field of remote sensing but who do not have experience with SAR imaging will find an easy entrance into what can seem at times a very complicated subject. Experienced radar engineers will find that the book describes several modern areas of SAR processing that they might not have explored previously, e.g. interferometric SAR for change detection and terrain elevation mapping, or modern non-parametric approaches to SAR autofocus. Senior undergraduates (primarily in electrical engineering) who have had courses in digital signal and image processing, but who have had no exposure to SAR could find the book useful in a one-semester course as a reference.

This volume contains the latest worldwide research results on formal description techniques applicable to telecommunications, covering their theoretical foundations, industrial applications and practical usage. The book presents the selected proceedings of the eighth International Conference on Formal Description Techniques, arranged by the International Federation for Information Processing and held in Montreal, Canada, October 1995.

T his is not a dictional)' - and nor is it an encyclopedia. It is a reference and compendium of useful information about the converging worlds of computers, communications, telecommunications and broadcasting. You could refer to it as a guide for the Information SuperHighway, but this would be pretentious. It aims to cover most of the more important terms and concepts in the developing discipline of Informatics - which, in my definition, includes the major converging technologies, and the associated social and cultural issues. Unlike a dictional)', this handbook makes no attempt to be 'prescriptive' in its definitions. Many of the words we use today in computing and communications only vaguely reflect their originations. And with such rapid change, older terms are often taken, twisted, inverted, and mangled, to the point where any attempt by me to lay down laws of meaning, would be meaningless. The information here is 'descriptive' - I am concerned with usage only. The headwords: T his book therefore contains key-words and explanations which have been culled from the current literature - from technical magazines, newspapers, the Internet, forums, etc. This is the living language as it is being used today - not a historical artifact of 1950s computer science.

The aim of this book is to impart a sound understanding, both physical and mathematical, of the fundamental theory of vibration and its applications. The book presents in a simple and systematic manner techniques that can easily be applied to the analysis of vibration of mechanical and structural systems. Unlike other texts on vibrations, the approach is general, based on the conservation of energy and Lagrangian dynamics, and develops specific techniques from these foundations in clearly understandable stages. Suitable for a one-semester course on vibrations, the book presents new concepts in simple terms and explains procedures for solving problems in considerable detail.

Feedback-Based Orthogonal Digital Filters: Theory, Applications, and Implementation develops the theory of a feedback-based orthogonal digital filter and examines several applications where the filter topology leads to a simple and efficient solution. The development of the filter structure is linked to concepts in observer theory. Several signal processing problems can be represented as estimation problems, where a parametric representation of the input is used, to try and replicate it locally. This estimation problem can be solved using an identity observer, and the filter topology falls in this framework. Hence the filter topology represents a universal building block that can find application in several problems, such as spectral estimation, time-recursive computation of transforms, etc. Further, because of the orthogonality constraints satisfied by the structure, it also represents a robust solution under finite precision conditions. The book also presents the observer-based viewpoint of several signal processing problems, and shows that problems that are typically treated independently in the literature are in fact linked and can be cast in a single unified framework. In addition to examining the theoretical issues, the book describes practical issues related to a hardware implementation of the building block, in both the digital and analog domain. On the digital side, issues relating to implementation using semi-custom chips (FPGA's), and ASIC design are examined. On the analog side, the design and testing of a fabricated chip, that functions as a multi-sinusoidal phase-locked-loop, are described. Feedback-Based Orthogonal Digital Filters serves as an excellent reference. May be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

The study of multiphase flow through porous media is undergoing intense development, mostly due to the recent introduction of new methods. After the profound changes induced by percolation in the eighties, attention is nowadays focused on the pore scale. The physical situation is complex and only recently have tools become available that allow significant progress to be made in the area. This volume on Multiphase Flow in Porous Media, which is also being published as a special issue of the journal Transport in Porous Media, contains contributions on the lattice-Boltzmann technique, the renormalization technique, and semi-phenomenological studies at the pore level. Attention is mostly focused on two- and three-phase flows. These techniques are of tremendous importance for the numerous applications of multiphase flows in oil fields, unsaturated soils, the chemical industry, and environmental sciences.

The GAMM Committee for "Efficient Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations" organises seminars on subjects concerning the algorithmic treatment of par tial differential equations. The topics are discretisation methods like the finite element and the boundary element method for various types of applications in structural and fluid mechanics. Particular attention is devoted to the advanced solution methods. The series of such seminars was continued in 1994, January 14-16, with the 10th Kiel-Seminar on the special topic Fast Solvers for Flow Problems at the Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel. The seminar was attended by 100 scientist from 9 countries. 23 lectures were given, including two invited survey lectures. The central topic of most of the contributions are the Navier-Stokes equations. The authors discuss robust methods, parallel implementations, defect correction techniques, adaptive methods including error estimators, domain decompositions and FEM-BEM coupling. The invited lectures concern the hierarchical multigrid method for unstruc tured grids and structured adaptive finite-volume multigrid for compressible flows."

This volume presents the latest research worldwide on communications protocols, emphasizing specification and compliance testing. It presents the complete proceedings of the fifteenth meeting on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification' arranged by the International Federation for Information Processing.

Within the DFG -Schwerpunktprogramm "Stromungssimulation mit Hochleistungsrechnern" and within the activities of the French-German cooperation of CNRS and DFG a DFG symposium on "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) on Parallel Systems" was organized at the Institut fur Aerodynamik and Gasdynamik of the Stuttgart University, 9-10 December 1993. This symposium was attended by 37 scientists. The scientific program consisted of 18 papers that considered finite element, finite volume and a two step Taylor Galerkin algorithm for the numerical solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on massively parallel computers with MIMD and SIMD architecture and on work station clusters. Incompressible and compressible, steady and unsteady flows were considered including turbu lent combustion with complex chemistry. Structured and unstructured grids were used. High numerical efficiency was demonstrated by multiplicative, additive and multigrid methods. Shared memory, virtual shared memory and distributed memory systems were investigated, in some cases based on an automatic grid partitioning technique. Various methods for domain decomposition were investigated. The key point of these methods is the resolution of the inter face problem because the matrix involved can be block dense. Multilevel decomposition can be very efficient using multifrontal algorithm. The numerical methods include explicit and implicit schemes. In the latter case the system of equations is often solved by a Gauss -Seidel line re laxation technique."

Pipelined Lattice and Wave Digital Recursive Filters uses look-ahead transformation and constrained filter design approaches. It is also shown that pipelining often reduces the roundoff noise in a digital filter. The pipelined recursive lattice and wave digital filters presented are well suited where increasing speed and reducing area or power or roundoff noise are important. Examples are wireless and cellular codec applications, where low power consumption is important, and radar and video applications, where higher speed is important. The book presents pipelining of direct-form recursive digital filters and demonstrates the usefulness of these topologies in high-speed and low-power applications. It then discusses fundamentals of scaling in the design of lattice and wave digital filters. Approaches to designing four different types of lattice digital filters are discussed, including basic, one-multiplier, normalized, and scaled normalized structures. The roundoff noise in these lattice filters is also studied. The book then presents approaches to the design of pipelined lattice digital filters for the same four types of structures, followed by pipelining of orthogonal double-rotation digital filters, which eliminate limit cycle problems. A discussion of pipelining of lattice wave digital filters follows, showing how linear phase, narrow-band, sharp-transition recursive filters can be implemented using this structure. This example is motivated by a difficult filter design problem in a wireless codec application. Finally, pipelining of ladder wave digital filters is discussed. Pipelined Lattice and Wave Digital Recursive Filters serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

The scientists and engineers of today are relentless in their continuing study and analysis of the world about us from the microcosm to the macrocosm. A central purpose of this study is to gain sufficient scientific information and insight to enable the development of both representative and useful models of the superabundance of physical processes that surround us. The engineers need these models and the associated insight in order to build the information processing systems and control systems that comprise these new and emerging technologies. Much of the early modeling work that has been done on these systems has been based on the linear time-invariant system theory and its extensive use of Fourier transform theory for both continuous and discrete systems and signals. However many of the signals arising in nature and real systems are neither stationary nor linear but tend to be concentrated in both time and frequency. Hence a new methodology is needed to take these factors properly into account.

Foreword Looking back the past 30 years. we have seen steady progress made in the area of speech science and technology. I still remember the excitement in the late seventies when Texas Instruments came up with a toy named "Speak-and-Spell" which was based on a VLSI chip containing the state-of-the-art linear prediction synthesizer. This caused a speech technology fever among the electronics industry. Particularly. applications of automatic speech recognition were rigorously attempt ed by many companies. some of which were start-ups founded just for this purpose. Unfortunately. it did not take long before they realized that automatic speech rec ognition technology was not mature enough to satisfy the need of customers. The fever gradually faded away. In the meantime. constant efforts have been made by many researchers and engi neers to improve the automatic speech recognition technology. Hardware capabilities have advanced impressively since that time. In the past few years. we have been witnessing and experiencing the advent of the "Information Revolution." What might be called the second surge of interest to com mercialize speech technology as a natural interface for man-machine communication began in much better shape than the first one. With computers much more powerful and faster. many applications look realistic this time. However. there are still tremendous practical issues to be overcome in order for speech to be truly the most natural interface between humans and machines."

Two complete new chapters have been introduced. The first one, Chapter 16, amplifies the many rich interactions between Geographie Information Systems (GIS) and the Navstar CPS. The words and pietures in this new chapter foeus on the powerful eleetronie mapmaking techniques that rely on Navstar navigation together with the many benefits stemming from the full-eolored "layered" maps now being produeed. Chapter 17, which is also new, deals with Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (lVHS). Navstar navigation techniques form the hidden backbone of most of the new electronic teehnologies that are helping to make America's traffic f10w more smoothly. Chapter 17 c10ses with narrative descriptions of three interesting IVHS projects: emergency tow-truck dispatching, optimum ambulance-routing, and the in-car traffie reports now being beamed into family cars cruising along Ameriea's major traffic arteries. Many helpful individuals contributed toward the successful completion of Under- standing the Navstar. My lovely wife, Cyndy, was unquestionably the most beneficial contributor. Her affectionate comments and her broad-ranging support were greatly appreciated. So was her diligent and uncomplaining work in word-process- ing the many drafts of the final manuseript. The artists, Lloyd and lInka Wing and Anthony and Dianne Vega, were also enormously helpful in providing quality figures and tables on schedule. They have become true masters of the Macintosh computer with its many beils and whistles. Preparing a book for publication is a time-consuming, invigorating task. I hope you enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed putting it together for your use.

This is the sixth conference in the series which started in 1981 in Paris, followed by conferences held in Zurich (1984), Rio de Janeirio (1987), Barcelona (1991), and Raleigh (1993). The main objective of this IFIP conference series is to provide a platform for the exchange of recent and original contributions in communications systems in the areas of performance analysis, architectures, and applications. There are many exiciting trends and developments in the communications industry, several of which are related to advances in Asynchronous Transfer Mode.(ATM), multimedia services, and high speed protocols. It is commonly believed in the communications industry that ATM represents the next generation of networking. Yet, there are a number of issues that has been worked on in various standards bodies, government and industry research and development labs, and universities towards enabling high speed networks in general and ATM networks in particular. Reflecting these trends, the technical program of the Sixth IFIP W.G. 6.3 Conference on Performance of Computer Networks consists of papers addressing a wide range of technical challenges and proposing various state of the art solutions to a subset of them. The program includes 25 papers selected by the program committee out of 57 papers submitted."

The term speech processing refers to the scientific discipline concerned with the analysis and processing of speech signals for getting the best benefit in various practical scenarios. These different practical scenarios correspond to a large variety of applications of speech processing research. Examples of some applications include enhancement, coding, synthesis, recognition and speaker recognition. A very rapid growth, particularly during the past ten years, has resulted due to the efforts of many leading scientists. The ideal aim is to develop algorithms for a certain task that maximize performance, are computationally feasible and are robust to a wide class of conditions. The purpose of this book is to provide a cohesive collection of articles that describe recent advances in various branches of speech processing. The main focus is in describing specific research directions through a detailed analysis and review of both the theoretical and practical settings. The intended audience includes graduate students who are embarking on speech research as well as the experienced researcher already working in the field. For graduate students taking a course, this book serves as a supplement to the course material. As the student focuses on a particular topic, the corresponding set of articles in this book will serve as an initiation through exposure to research issues and by providing an extensive reference list to commence a literature survey. Expe rienced researchers can utilize this book as a reference guide and can expand their horizons in this rather broad area."

Telecommunications today is in the midst of far-reaching changes due to rapid development of new technologies, services and social evolution. This is the first book to model the process of change in telecommunications, including all of the relevant factors. The approach is practical and responsible, based on hard facts and tested models. It deals with fundamental issues affecting the future development of telecoms and its impact on societies and presents views which some will find radical.

Digital Filters and Signal Processing, Third Edition ... with MATLAB Exercises presents a general survey of digital signal processing concepts, design methods, and implementation considerations, with an emphasis on digital filters. It is suitable as a textbook for senior undergraduate or first-year graduate courses in digital signal processing. While mathematically rigorous, the book stresses an intuitive understanding of digital filters and signal processing systems, with numerous realistic and relevant examples. Hence, practicing engineers and scientists will also find the book to be a most useful reference. The Third Edition contains a substantial amount of new material including, in particular, the addition of MATLAB exercises to deepen the students' understanding of basic DSP principles and increase their proficiency in the application of these principles. The use of the exercises is not mandatory, but is highly recommended. Other new features include: normalized frequency utilized in the DTFT, e.g., X(ejomega); new computer generated drawings and MATLAB plots throughout the book; Chapter 6 on sampling the DTFT has been completely rewritten; expanded coverage of Types I-IV linear-phase FIR filters; new material on power and doubly-complementary filters; new section on quadrature-mirror filters and their application in filter banks; new section on the design of maximally-flat FIR filters; new section on roundoff-noise reduction using error feedback; and many new problems added throughout.

The communication of information is a crucial point in the development of our future way of life. We are living more and more in an information society. Perhaps the more obvious applications are those devoted to distributed cooperative multimedia systems. In both industry and academia, people are involved in such projects. HPN'95 is an international forum where both communities can find a place for dialogues and interchanges. The conference is targeted to the new mechanisms, protocols, services and architectures derived from the need of emerging applications, as well as from the requirements of new communication environments. This workshop belongs to the series started in 1987 in Aachen (Germany), followed by Liege (Belgium) in 1988, Berlin (Germany) in 1991, Liege (Belgium) again in 1992 and Grenoble (France) in 1994. HPN'95 is the sixth event of the series sponsored by IFIP WG 6.4 and will be held at the Arxiduc Lluis Salvador building on the campus of the University of the Balearic Islands in Palma de Mallorca (Spain) from September 13 to 15.

This volume covers many aspects of multimedia and communications security, from national security policies to file server architectures, from hypertext documents to specialized cryptographic algorithms. It provides the interested reader with a spectrum of up-to-the-minute knowledge on the topics covered.