The second edition of this acclaimed, accessible textbook brings the subject of sedimentation and erosion completely up-to-date, providing an excellent primer on both fundamental concepts of sediment-transport theory and methods for practical applications. The structure of the first edition is essentially unchanged, but all the chapters have been updated, with several chapters reworked and expanded significantly. Examples of the new additions include the concept of added mass, the Modified Einstein Procedure, sediment transport by size fractions, sediment transport of sediment mixtures, and new solutions to the Einstein Integrals. Many new examples and exercises have been added. Erosion and Sedimentation is an essential textbook on the topic for students in civil and environmental engineering and the geosciences, and also as a handbook for researchers and professionals in engineering, the geosciences and the water sciences.

The second edition of this acclaimed, accessible textbook brings the subject of sedimentation and erosion completely up-to-date, providing an excellent primer on both fundamental concepts of sediment-transport theory and methods for practical applications. The structure of the first edition is essentially unchanged, but all the chapters have been updated, with several chapters reworked and expanded significantly. Examples of the new additions include the concept of added mass, the Modified Einstein Procedure, sediment transport by size fractions, sediment transport of sediment mixtures, and new solutions to the Einstein Integrals. Many new examples and exercises have been added. Erosion and Sedimentation is an essential textbook on the topic for students in civil and environmental engineering and the geosciences, and also as a handbook for researchers and professionals in engineering, the geosciences and the water sciences.

Minerals in sedimentary rocks emit characteristic visible luminescence called cathodoluminescence (CL) when bombarded by high energy electrons. CL emissions can be displayed as colour images in a cathodoluminescence microscope or as high-resolution monochromatic images in a scanning electron microscope. This provides information not available by other techniques on the provenance of the mineral grains in sedimentary rocks, and insights into diagenetic changes. The book, first published in 2006, begins with an easily understood presentation of the fundamental principles of CL imaging. This is followed by a description and discussion of the instruments used in CL imaging, and a detailed account of its applications to the study of sedimentary rocks. The volume is a comprehensive, easily understood description of the applications of cathodoluminescence imaging to the study of sedimentary rocks. It will be an important resource for academic researchers, industry professionals and advanced graduate students in sedimentary geology.

Increasingly environmental scientists, palaeoceanographers and geologists are collecting quantitative records of environmental changes (time-series) from sediments, ice cores, cave calcite, corals and trees. This book explains how to analyse these records, using straightforward explanations and diagrams rather than formal mathematical derivations. All the main cyclostratigraphic methods are covered including spectral analysis, cross-spectral analysis, filtering, complex demodulation, wavelet and singular spectrum analysis. Practical problems of time-series analysis, including those of distortions of environmental signals during stratigraphic encoding, are considered in detail. Recent research into various types of tidal and climatic cycles is summarised. The book ends with an extensive reference section, and an appendix listing sources of computer algorithms. This book provides the ideal reference for all those using time-series analysis to study the nature and history of climatic and tidal cycles. It is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate courses in environmental science, palaeoceanography and geology.

This unique survey describes the world's ancient phosphorite deposits on a scale never previously attempted. The International Geological Correlation Programme started Project 156, on world phosphate resources, in 1977. An international team of forty-six researchers describes in twenty-five chapters almost 100 Precambrian or Cambrian deposits of phosphate rock, extending through all continents except Antarctica. The total resources are large, but only a small fraction is minable at present. The data presented give a good understanding of the distribution, nature and origin of phosphate deposits. The book is an important contribution to the scientific understanding of phosphate deposits, as well as a valuable aid to the search for an exploitation of phosphates in many parts of the world.

Glacial deposits provide a long-term record of climate and sea level changes on Earth. Detailed study of sedimentary rocks deposited during and immediately after glacial episodes is paramount to accurate palaeoclimatic reconstructions and for our understanding of global climatic and eustatic changes. This book presents new information and interpretations of the ancient glacial record, looking in particular at the Late Proterozoic and Late Paleozoic eras. The influence of global tectonics on the origins and distribution of ice masses and the character of glacial deposits through geologic time is emphasised. Sequence stratigraphic techniques are applied to glaciogenic successions, and explanations for possible low-latitude glaciation during the Late Proterozoic era and the association of carbonate deposits with glaciogenic rocks are put forward. Early interglacial conditions, represented by dark grey mudrocks and ice keel scour features are discussed. These studies, from key workers in International Geological Correlation Program Project 260, will aid the understanding of the Earth's climatic history.

Landschaftsformen und Landschaftselemente im Hochgebirge ist ein allgemein verst ndliches, reich bebildertes Lehrbuch und Nachschlagewerk zugleich. Es erl utert den Formenschatz und die Elemente dieses Naturraumes (z. B. Talformen, Kare, Mor nen, Erdpyramiden, Gletscherspalten) anschaulich in Bild und Text und verdeutlicht die Entwicklung von Landschaftsformen (z. B. Schutthalden, Bergsturzlandschaften, Mor nenw lle, Erosionsformen). Ein jeweils vorangestellter Einf hrungsteil macht den Leser mit den wichtigsten Grundlagen der Hochgebirgsforschung vertraut. Die Aufnahmen stammen u. a. aus den Alpen, dem Himalaya, den Anden und den skandinavischen Hochgebirgen.

This edition reviews the results of Apollos 11, 12, 14, and 15. Included are approximately sixty new pages of text and forty new photographs and pictures. Thomas A. Mutch has written this book for students of lunar geology and scientists in diverse fields related to astrogeology as well as for the interested layman. Originally published in 1973. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Gulf of Mexico Basin is one of the most prolific hydrocarbon-producing basins in the world, with an estimated endowment of 200 billion barrels of oil equivalent. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the basin, spanning the US, Mexico and Cuba. Topics covered include conventional and unconventional reservoirs, source rocks and associated tectonics, basin evolution from the Mesozoic to Cenozoic Era, and different regions of the basin from mature onshore fields to deep-water subsalt plays. Cores, well logs and seismic lines are all discussed providing local, regional and basin-scale insights. The scientific implications of seminal events in the basin's history are also covered, including sedimentary effects of the Chicxulub Impact. Containing over 200 color illustrations and 50 stratigraphic cross-sections and paleogeographic maps, this is an invaluable resource for petroleum industry professionals, as well as graduate students and researchers interested in basin analysis, sedimentology, stratigraphy, tectonics and petroleum geology.

Kevin E. Trenberth emphasizes the fundamental role of energy flows in the climate system and anthropogenic climate change. The distribution of heat, or more generally, energy, is the main determinant of weather patterns in the atmosphere and their impacts. The topics addressed cover many facets of climate and the climate crisis. These include the diurnal cycle; the seasons; energy differences between the continents and the oceans, the poles and the tropics; interannual variability such as Nino; natural decadal variability; and ice ages. Human-induced climate change rides on and interacts with all of these natural phenomena, and the result is an unevenly warming planet and changing weather extremes. The book emphasizes the need to not only slow or stop climate change, but also to better prepare for it and build resilience. Students, researchers, and professionals from a wide range of backgrounds will benefit from this deeper understanding of climate change.

KLAUS-PETER KELBER hat sich mit der Reinzeichnung der hinzuge- kommenen Abbildungen wiederum viel Miihe gemacht. Allen sei flir die gewahrte Hilfe herzlich gedankt! Dariiberhinaus gilt zahlreichen Fachgenossen mein aufrichtiger Dank, die mir nach Durchsicht der ersten Auflage des Buches mit ihren kritischen Anregungen geholfen oder mich durch ihre Zustim- mung ermutigt haben. Nicht zuletzt mochte ich dem Springer-Verlag flir die auch bei der zweiten Auflage jederzeit gewahrte vertrauensvolle Zusammen- arbeit herzlich danken! SIEG FRIED MATTHES Wiirzburg, im Mai 1987 Vorwort zur 1. Auflage Das vorliegende Buch ist eine Einfuhrung in die Mineralogie, Petro- logie und Lagerstattenkunde auf genetischer Grundlage. Es widmet sich dem speziellen Teil des Faches, wobei Grundkenntnisse aus dem allgemeinen Teil - der allgemeinen Mineralogie und der Kri- stallographie - vorausgesetzt werden. Daruber hinaus sind neben geologischen Kenntnissen Grundlagen der allgemeinen, anorgani- schen und physikalischen Chemie an vielen Stell en sehr nutzlich. 1m einleitenden Teil werden wichtige Begriffe erlautert und de- tiniert. 1m Teil I folgt eine Auswahl der hautigsten Minerale in uber- sichtlicher Form und in Anlehnung an die Systematik von H. STRUNZ.

Soil erosion and torrential floods, as destructive processes, have serious implications on the economy, society, and environment. The severity of torrential floods lies in their sudden occurrence and high intensity, and hence, the defense against torrential floods is very complex and demanding. Much remains to be discovered about soil erosion and torrential floods prevention, management, legislation, practices, and solutions worldwide. Thus, a better understanding of various prevention and management developments on soil erosion and torrential floods across different contexts is needed to assess their impact on sustainability, especially in the changed climate conditions. Prevention and Management of Soil Erosion and Torrential Floods investigates the problems of erosion and torrential floods and opportunities for the prevention, management, and control of these destructive processes. It highlights the importance of the prevention and management practices of soil erosion and torrential floods with respect to the exchange of knowledge and best practices. Covering topics such as dam maintenance, wind erosion, and natural disasters, it is ideal for environmentalists, environmental engineers, crisis response specialists, policymakers, government officials, academicians, students, experts, practitioners, and researchers in the fields of soil erosion, torrential flood, environmental protection, sustainable development, engineering, and management.

Das Erscheinen des umfangreichen dritten Bandes des Handbuches gibt dem Herausgeber Gelegenheit zu der Feststellung, dass die Aufnahme durch die Fachpresse fast durchweg eine in hohem Masse befriedigende gewesen ist. Dem entspricht nach Mitteilung des Verlages auch der aussere Erfolg. Die von der Kritik gelegentlich geausserten WUDsehe nach moglichst raschem Erscheinen der weiteren Bande sollen berucksichtigt werden, soweit es in den Kraften des Herausgebers steht. Wer nicht selbst einmal die Herausgabe eines wissenschaft lichen Sammelwerkes dieser Art geleitet hat, macht sich wohl kaum eine richtige Vorstellung uber das Mass von Muhe und Arbeit, das mit der gewissenhaften Erledigung der Herausgeberpflichten verknupft ist. Je grosser die Zahl der Mitarbeiter ist, um so schwieriger erweist es sich fur den Herausgeber, das Ziel moglichst grosser Einheitlichkeit zu erreichen. Schon aus diesem Grunde musste darauf gesehen werden, nicht mehr Autoren zur Bearbeitung des Gesamtgebietes heranzuziehen, als es aus sachlichen Grunden unbedingt geboten war. Infolge dessen hat auch der Herausgeber noch in anderer Hinsicht bei dem dritten Bande, der die Zusammenfassung der Gesamtkenntnisse uber die Verteilung und Ausbildung der Bodenarten an der Erdoberflache bringen sollte, das von ihm angestrebte Ideal nicht vollig erreichen konnen, denn es ist trotz des diesem Teil der Bodenlehre eingeraumten grosseren Umfanges nicht moglich gewesen, alle in Frage kommenden Erscheinungen einheitlich zu erfassen. Nur eine noch grossere Zahl von Mitarbeitern hatte dieses erreichen lassen, worunter dann aber andererseits der allgemeine Zusammenhang gelitten haben wurde, was jedoch aus dem oben angefuhrten Grunde unbedingt vermieden werden musste."

2 gesehieht, sondern unter Aufwand vou Zeit und dabei an Ort und Stelle, wo sieh die Gelegenheit bietet Sehritt fUr Sehritt den Vor- gang zu verfolgen, z. B. die Gestalt einer Dune auf Grund ihrer Entstehung und weiteren Entwiekelung zu erkHiren, so besehloss ieh den Sommer 1880 in den Dunen zu verbringen und wahlte zum Aufenthalt Sestroretzk. Tag fUr Tag verbraehte ieh in del' Beo baehtung del' Bewegung, del' Haufung des Sandes, verfolgte die Veranderungen wohl bekannter Dunenumrisse bei Wind en ver- sehiedener Starke und versehiedener Riehtung, bei veranderliehen topographisehen Bedingungen. leh sah wie del' Wind auf del' Oberfiaehe des Flugsandes schone Wellen erzeugte, wie neue und ihre typisehen Formen Dunen entstanden, allmahlieh wuehsen annahmen, wie alte Dunen vom Winde zerstOrt wurden, ihren inneren Bau aufsehlossen, wie einige zur Ruhe gelangten, von Gras und Gebuseh bewaehsen wurden, wie andere, bisher ruhende und bewaehsene, wiederum vom Winde ersehuttert wurdcn, sieh ihrer pfianzliehcn Bcdeekung cntledigten und in Bewegung ge- riethen. Gleiehzeitig beobaehtete ieh die Wirkung del' Wellen, welehe den fiaehen sandigen Strand uberfiutheten, und verfolgte die Bildung del' Strandwalle, um das Erzeugniss des Windes mit del' Sehopfung del' Meereswellen zu vergleiehen. Die im selben Sommer unternommenen Ausfluge naeh del' Mundung del' Narowa, zum Ufer des Ober-See's (Werehneje 6zero) hinter Reval und in die Gegcnd von IZora waren von besonderem Nutzen fUr das Studium des Einflusses topographiseher Bedingungen cineI' Gegend auf die Entstehung und Entwiekelung del' Dunen.

Dieses Buch beschreibt eingangs den Lebensraum des Sediments fur die Biozoenose sowie die biologischen und chemisch-physikalischen Aspekte, welche die Bioverfugbarkeit von Schadstoffen steuern. Aus Flussen, AEstuaren und Hafen mussen Sedimente beseitigt werden, weil sie die Schifffahrt und den Hochwasserabfluss beeintrachtigen. Ein zweiter Schwerpunkt des Buches behandelt daher die Rolle des Sediments als Baggergut und die sich daraus ergebenden Probleme der Grenzwertfindung, die Entwicklung von Handlungskriterien, Zielvorgaben und Klassifizierungen fur eine Umlagerung. An zahlreichen Fallbeispielen werden Loesungs- und Bewertungsansatze aufgezeigt. Im dritten Teil des Buches werden vom Fachausschuss Gewassersedimente in der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft der GDCh Handlungsempfehlungen abgeleitet und eine integrierte Bewertungsstrategie fur Sedimente vorgeschlagen, die biologische und oekologische Merkmale mit chemischen Bewertungskriterien verknupft.

Thirty-one papers presented to the Interpreting Stratigraphy Conferences between 1993 and 1997 which aimed to provide an informal forum for archaeologists to discuss the problems and potentials embodied in stratigraphic excavation. The extremely varied and useful papers combine broad discussions with specific archaeological case studies and are divided into three sections: Fieldwork organisation, site formation and site evaluation; Recording procedures; Post-excavation analysis and communicating results.

Geoarchaeological studies can significantly enhance interpretations of human prehistory by allowing archaeologists to decipher from sediments and soils the effects of earth processes on the evidence of human activity. While a number of previous books have provided broad geographic and temporal treatments of geoarchaeology, this new volume presents a single author's view intended for North American archaeologists. Waters deals with those aspects of geoarchaeology--stratigraphy, site formation processes, and landscape reconstruction--most fundamental to archaeology, and he focuses on the late Quaternary of North America, permitting in-depth discussions of the concepts directly applicable to that research. Assuming no prior geologic knowledge on the part of the reader, Waters provides a background in fundamental geological processes and the basic tools of geoarchaeology. He then proceeds to relate specific physical processes, microenvironments, deposits, and landforms associated with riverine, desert, lake, glacial, cave, coastal, and other environments to archaeological site formation, location, and context. This practical volume illustrates the contributions of geoarchaeological investigations and demonstrates the need to make such studies an integral part of archaeological research. The text is enhanced by more than a hundred line drawings and photographs. CONTENTS
1. Research Objectives of Geoarchaeology
2. Geoarchaeological Foundations: The Archaeological Site Matrix: Sediments and Soils / Stratigraphy / The Geoarchaeological Interpretation of Sediments, Soils, and Stratigraphy
3. Alluvial Environments: Streamflow / Sediment Erosion, Transport, and Deposition / Alluvial Environments: Rivers, Arroyos, Terraces, and Fans / Alluvial Landscapes Evolution and the Archaeological Record / Alluvial Landscape Reconstruction
4. Eolian Environments: Sediment Erosion, Transport, and Deposition / Sand Dunes / Loess and Dust / Stone Pavements / Eolian Erosion / Volcanic Ash (Tephra)
5. Springs, Lakes, Rockshelters, and Other Terrestrial Environments: Springs / Lakes / Slopes / Glaciers / Rockshelters and Caves
6. Coastal Environments: Coastal Processes / Late Quaternary Sea Level Changes / Coastal Environments / Coastal Landscape Evolution and the Archaeological Record / Coastal Landscape Reconstruction
7. The Postburial Disturbance af Archaeological Site Contexts: Cryoturbation / Argilliturbation / Graviturbation / Deformation / Other Physical Disturbances / Floralturbation / Faunalturbation
8. Geoarchaeological Research
Appendix A: Geoarchaeological Studies Illustrating the Effects of Fluvial Landscape Evolution on the Archaeological Record
Appendix B: Geoarchaeological Studies Illustrating Site-Specific Synchronic and Diachronic Alluvial Landscape Reconstructions
Appendix C: Geoarchaeological Studies Illustrating Regional Synchronic and Diachronic Alluvial Landscape Reconstructions

Von einer nachhaltigen Landnutzung wird neben der Erzeugung hochwertiger Produkte auch die Bewahrung der Funktionsfahigkeit von Okosystemen erwartet. Vor allem die Entwicklung der Pflanzen und des durchwurzelten Bodens kennzeichnen naturnahe als auch agrarische Okosysteme. Um deren Belastbarkeit und Stabilitat einschatzen zu konnen, sind Kenntnisse uber die komplexen Prozesse im Wurzelraum von grossem Interesse. Dieses Buch soll einen Beitrag zur Erweiterung unseres Wissens uber die Strukturen, Funktionen und Prozesse im Wurzelraum leisten."

This book presents and discusses research in the field of earth science, with a focus on the stratigraphic setting of continental shelves of Southern Italy investigated through seismic stratigraphy: crust and upper mantle structure of Northern Eurasia from long-range seismic profiling with chemical and nuclear explosions; multi-storied plantation surfaces, base-level control, and the morphotectonic interpretation of crustal movements in the basement regions of a case study from Zimbabwe; hydrochemical aspects of groundwaters occurring at Basaltic rocks, Parana Basin, Brazil; localisation of geochemical aureoles of rare earths in the Northern Region of the Republic of Moldova; groundwater sources, geological formation, and their environment in the Sudan; shale and its beneficial and dangerous characteristics for human beings; remote sensing techniques as an effective tool for systematic survey and better management of natural resources; and the use of climbing plants in heritage bioconservation.

The renaissance in stratigraphy has promoted a more thorough examination of the geologic record of particular fossil bearing strata. The subject of paleontological events whether sedimentographic or biological in nature, is now emerging as an important topic in earth history, particularly with regard to the temperature and nature of sedimentologic and biologic change.

Stratigraphy defines the basis, concepts and methods of one of the oldest disciplines of Earth Sciences. Stratigraphy is a primary tool in dynamical and historical reconstructions in paleogeography, paleontology, tectonics, sedimentology as well as mineral prospecting. The first three chapters are devoted to the description of the main tools used to subdivide geological time and to construct a more precise chronologic scale. During this century this approach has been closely associated with the progress yielded by geochemistry, geophysics, plate tectonics, petroleum exploration and the Deep Sea Drilling Program. Correlation and dating, leading to reconstructions of paleogeography - a major step toward the knowledge of Earth history - is included. In a last chapter the principal stages of geohistory are described. Epoch for epoch plate dynamics, sea level and climate variations, environmental characters on continents and in oceans, and the link between cyclic interval activity, cosmic events and Earth history during the last 900 million years are outlined. Stratigraphical methods are then presented at their different scales of observation and synthesis.