Modernity is a social, cultural, or historical descriptor for a certain type of society or set of social arrangements. It is a contentious and disputed term, often understood implicitly. It is a way of describing and classifying highly complex, dynamic, and emergent aggregate social phenomena, and so dramatically simplifies such contexts. However, the language of modernity remains attractive to commentators, academics, and policymakers. In this monograph, the author reviews the literature that characterises what is called digital modernity. Digital modernity narratives focus on the possibilities of the data gathered by an ambient data infrastructure, enabled by ubiquitous devices such as the smartphone, and activities such as social networking and e-commerce. It is characterised by (1) a subjunctive outlook where people's choices can be anticipated and improved upon, (2) the valorisation of disruptive innovation on demand, and (3) control provided by data analysis within a virtual realm that can be extended and applied to the physical world. The author explored the synergies and tensions between these three aspects as well as the opportunities for and dilemmas posed by misinformation. The author identifies five principles that emerge from the study of relevant texts and business models and concludes by contrasting digital modernity with other theories of the 21st century information society. Narratives of digital modernity are useful because they help explain the development of technology. It matters because many influential people accept, and often generate, the digital modernity narrative. Given digital modernity's strong association with the Web, it is a central topic for Web Science as the interdisciplinary study of the World Wide Web from the technological, social, and individual points of view.

This monograph introduces tracking on the web to readers with little or no previous knowledge of the topic. Tracking is the collection of data about an individual's activity in multiple contexts and the retention, use, or sharing of data derived from that activity outside the context in which it occurred. This work covers the topic primarily from the perspective of computer science and human-computer interaction but also includes relevant law and policy aspects. It primarily focuses on tracking as a near-ubiquitous commercial practice that emerged through a symbiotic relationship with websites, mobile apps, and other internet-based services. It aims to provide an overarching narrative spanning this large research space. The monograph starts by introducing the concept of tracking, and provides a short history of the major developments of tracking on the web. It presents research covering the detection, measurement and analysis of web tracking technologies, and delves into the countermeasures against web tracking as well as studies into end-user perspectives on tracking. The work also focuses on tracking on smart devices including smartphones and the Internet of Things, and concludes with emerging issues affecting the future of tracking across these different platforms.

Generating huge interest and backed by the global WorldWideWeb consortium the semantic web is the key initiative driving the future of the World Wide Web. Towards the Semantic Web focuses on the application of Semantic Web technology and ontologies in particular to electronically available information to improve the quality of knowledge management in large and distributed organizations. Ontologies are formal structures supporting knowledge sharing and reuse. They can be used to represent explicitly the semantics of structured and semi-structured information which enable sophisticated automatic support for acquiring, maintaining and accessing information. Covering the key technologies for the next generation of the WWW, this book is an excellent mixture of theory, tools and applications in an important area of WWW research.

• Aims to support more efficient and effective knowledge management and focuses on weakly-structured online information sources.

• Covers highly significant contributions to the semantic web research effort, including a new language for defining ontologies, several novel software tools and a coherent methodology for the application of the tools for business advantage.

• Provides guidelines for introducing knowledge management concepts and tools into businesses.

• Introduces an intelligent search tool that supports users in accessing information and a tool environment for maintenance, conversion and acquisition of information sources. Also describes information visualisation and knowledge sharing tools.

• Describes a state-of-the-art system for storage and retrieval of metadata expressed in RDF and RDF Schema. Also discusses a system for automatic metadata extraction.

• Examines three significant case studies providing examples of the real benefits to be derived from the adoption of semantic-web based ontologies in "real world" situations.

How can Twitter data be used to study individual-level human behavior and social interaction on a global scale? This book introduces readers to the methods, opportunities, and challenges of using Twitter data to analyze phenomena ranging from the number of people infected by the flu, to national elections, to tomorrow's stock prices. Each chapter, written by leading domain experts in clear and accessible language, takes the reader to the forefront of the newly emerging field of computational social science. An introductory chapter on Twitter data analysis provides an overview of key tools and skills, and gives pointers on how to get started, while the case studies demonstrate shortcomings, limitations, and pitfalls of Twitter data as well as its advantages. The book will be an excellent resource for social science students and researchers wanting to explore the use of online data.

As we become increasingly dependent on digital products in all aspects of our lives, the reliability of that technology increases in importance. Technological security can be thought of as the control of access to technical systems and the control of the use of those systems. However, the way that digital technologies are woven across the fabric of our everyday lives, and are embedded in all our institutions, means that we need a paradigm for understanding technological security as being part of other forms of security. This monograph introduces the paradigm of digital security that not only encompasses the protection of digital technologies and the data it produces but also the practices and processes that link those technologies. It encompasses the political and social processes and practices that shape the meanings and experiences of the digital protection mechanisms. In a digitally mediated society, security of the state, of society, of individuals, and of technologies are bound together through these processes and practices, giving new security meanings to security technologies and policies. Grounded in the interdisciplinary endeavours that characterise Web Science, this monograph presents the case for this more inclusive form of technological security. Such a security places the security of technology in the context of the security of people operating in a web-enabled and digitally-connected society and results in a digital security that responds to the enmeshed nature of technology and society. This monograph situates digital security within the broader landscape of social and political theories of security, and uses a critical security lens to encourage the reader to explore how digitally networked technologies are both included in and influenced by the co-creation of artefacts and practices in open environments.

The optimization of traffic management operations has become a considerable challenge in today's global scope due to the significant increase in the number of vehicles, traffic congestions, and automobile accidents. Fortunately, there has been substantial progress in the application of intelligent computing devices to transportation processes. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a specific practice that merges the connectivity of wireless technologies with smart vehicles. Despite its relevance, empirical research is lacking on the developments being made in VANETs and how certain intelligent technologies are being applied within transportation systems. IoT and Cloud Computing Advancements in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of intelligent transportation systems and analyzing the modern techniques that are being applied to smart vehicles through cloud technology. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as health monitoring, node localization, and fault tolerance, this book is ideally designed for network designers, developers, analysists, IT specialists, computing professionals, researchers, academics, and post-graduate students seeking current research on emerging computing concepts and developments in vehicular ad-hoc networks.

With almost every business application process being linked with a web portal, the website has become an integral part of any organization. Satisfying the end user's needs is one of the key principles of designing an effective website. Because there are different users for any given website, there are different criteria that users want. Thus, evaluating a website is a multi-criteria decision-making problem in which the decision maker's opinion should be considered for ranking the website. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models for Website Evaluation is a critical scholarly resource that covers the strategies needed to evaluate the navigability and efficacy of websites as promotional platforms for their companies. Featuring a wide range of topics including linguistic modelling, e-services, and site quality, this book is ideal for managers, executives, website designers, graphic artists, specialists, consultants, educationalists, researchers, and students.

Knowledge in its pure state is tacit in natureOCoedifficult to formalize and communicateOCoebut can be converted into codified form and shared through both social interactions and the use of IT-based applications and systems. Even though there seems to be considerable synergies between the resulting huge data and the convertible knowledge, there is still a debate on how the increasing amount of data captured by corporations could improve decision making and foster innovation through effective knowledge-sharing practices. Big Data and Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Organizations provides innovative insights into the influence of big data analytics and artificial intelligence and the tools, methods, and techniques for knowledge-sharing processes in virtual organizations. The content within this publication examines cloud computing, machine learning, and knowledge sharing. It is designed for government officials and organizations, policymakers, academicians, researchers, technology developers, and students.

Continual advancements in web technology have highlighted the need for formatted systems that computers can utilize to easily read and sift through the hundreds of thousands of data points across the internet. Therefore, having the most relevant data in the least amount of time to optimize the productivity of users becomes a priority. Semantic Web Science and Real-World Applications provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of semantic web science and real-world applications within the area of big data. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as artificial intelligence, social media monitoring, and microblogging recommendation systems, this book is ideally designed for IT consultants, academics, professionals, and researchers of web science seeking the current developments, requirements and standards, and technology spaces presented across academia and industries.

In IoT scenarios, ways in which large-scale and cross-domain service systems can be established are still unclear, and no systematic or in-depth theories and methods have yet been found. An effective, formal foundation to IoT application designs could serve as a knowledge base for a variety of virtual world applications. Integrating and Streamlining Event-Driven IoT Services discusses how to observe isolated services running by different observation sources, how to fuse different observations to deal with observation conflict and incompleteness, and how to deal with adversaries and physical system features for real-time property enforcement over the fused knowledge. Overall, presenting an exploration of systematic theories and methods for the design of IoT services based on the principles of streamlining and integration, this book features research on topics such as CEP service, virtual machine technologies, and hybrid EPC. It is ideally designed for engineers, researchers, and university students seeking coverage on applications for smart cities, smart grids, and Industry 4.0.

Recent advances in Internet and Web technologies and the advent of Web 2.0 have made it possible to share information and knowledge surrounding human activities. These activities can be captured through the intensive deployment of sensors and the Web resources. Experiential Knowledge Mining provides a comprehensive overview of mining experiential knowledge bearing on human activities, with an emphasis on the use of the Web. Starting with definitions of activities and experiences, it elaborates on various views of human activities in cognitive science, including knowledge representation schemes. It then describes two activity detection techniques arising from different types of information sources: (1) sensor-driven approaches for the physical space and (2) text-driven approaches for the cyberspace. With a focus on experiential knowledge of human activities that can be discovered from unstructured text, Experiential Knowledge Mining reviews and summarizes the existing body of literature on experiential knowledge filtering, context identification for knowledge, and knowledge distillation. There is no doubt that the vast amount of information about human experience that includes activities is going to help detecting, recognizing, and understanding human activities of various sorts. This monograph illustrates the various potential applications of experiential knowledge in different domains like information retrieval, service recommendation, and semantic web. Experiential Knowledge Mining is the first to take a comprehensive look at this fascinating topic and acts as an ideal primer for anyone who wants to delve deeper into this subject.

A new edition of the widely used guide to the key ideas, languages, and technologies of the Semantic Web The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionize the World Wide Web and its uses. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this continuously evolving field, describing its key ideas, languages, and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for independent study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own and includes exercises, project descriptions, and annotated references to relevant online materials. The third edition of this widely used text has been thoroughly updated, with significant new material that reflects a rapidly developing field. Treatment of the different languages (OWL2, rules) expands the coverage of RDF and OWL, defining the data model independently of XML and including coverage of N3/Turtle and RDFa. A chapter is devoted to OWL2, the new W3C standard. This edition also features additional coverage of the query language SPARQL, the rule language RIF and the possibility of interaction between rules and ontology languages and applications. The chapter on Semantic Web applications reflects the rapid developments of the past few years. A new chapter offers ideas for term projects. Additional material, including updates on the technological trends and research directions, can be found at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org.

This book deals with different theories, methods and implementations combining Web 2.0 paradigms and Semantic Web technologies in Enterprise environments. After introducing those terms, the current shortcomings of tools such as blogs and wikis are presented as well as tagging practices in an Enterprise 2.0 context. A definition of the SemSLATES methodology is given, as well as the global vision of a middleware architecture based on Semantic Web technologies and Linked Data principles (languages, models, tools and protocols) to solve these issues. Then, the various ontologies that we build to achieve this goal are detailed. On the one hand the models dedicated to socio-structural metadata, especially SIOC - Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities -, are presented and on the other hands models extending public ontologies for representing domain knowledge. Moreover, the MOAT - Meaning Of A Tag - ontology is discussed, providing a way to combine the flexibility of tagging and the power of ontology-based indexing. The book also describes several software implementations related to these models, done in the industrial context of EDF R&D, and dedicated to easily produce and use semantic annotations to enrich original tools: semantic wikis, advanced visualization interfaces (faceted browsing, semantic mash-ups, etc.) combined with a semantic search engine. Several contributions described in this publication have been published as public ontologies or open-source software, contributing more generally to this convergence between Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web, not only in enterprise but on the Web as a whole.

This book addresses the problem of benchmarking semantic web technologies; first, from a methodological point of view, proposing a general methodology to follow in benchmarking activities over semantic web technologies and, second, from a practical point of view, presenting two international benchmarking activities that involved benchmarking the interoperability of semantic web technologies using RDF(S) as the interchange language in one activity and OWL in the other. The book presents in detail how the different resources needed for these interoperability benchmarking activities were defined: the experiments, the benchmark suites and the software that support the process. Furthermore, the book invites practitioners to reach a continuous improvement of semantic technologies by means of their continuous evaluation and presents future lines of research.

Provenance, i.e., the origin or source of something, is becoming an important concern, since it offers the means to verify data products, to infer their quality, and to decide whether they can be trusted. For instance, provenance enables the reproducibility of scientific results; provenance is necessary to track attribution and credit in curated databases; and, it is essential for reasoners to make trust judgements about the information they use over the Semantic Web. As the Web allows information sharing, discovery, aggregation, filtering and flow in an unprecedented manner, it also becomes difficult to identify the original source that produced information on the Web. This survey contends that provenance can and should reliably be tracked and exploited on the Web, and investigates the necessary foundations to achieve such a vision.

The Semantic Web has been a very important development in how knowledge is disseminated and manipulated on the Web, but it has been of particular importance to the flow of scientific knowledge, and will continue to shape how data is stored and accessed in a broad range of disciplines, including life sciences, earth science, materials science, and the social sciences. After first presenting papers on the foundations of semantic e-science, including papers on scientific knowledge acquisition, data integration, and workflow, this volume looks at the state of the art in each of the above-mentioned disciplines, presenting research on semantic web applications in the life, earth, materials, and social sciences. Drawing papers from three semantic web workshops, as well as papers from several invited contributors, this volume illustrates how far semantic web applications have come in helping to manage scientific information flow.

One of the worlds foremost technology writers helps Internet users unlock the Webs potential and open up a richer, nimbler, and more useful trove of resources and services. He shows how to create blogs, podcasts, and online videos; tackle even the most complex online tasks with ease; master state-of-the-art techniques for doing everything from selling a house to shopping for electronics; and much more.

This book is a fast paced tutorial to creating a website using e107. If you have never used e107, or even any web content management system before, then this book will walk you through each step in a friendly and accessible way. From installation, to initial set up and content entry and then on to customization for your own look and feel, this book will get you to a stable and working e107 based web site fast. You do not have to be an experienced web developer or designer to get a great looking site with a full set of functions using this book and e107. This book will guide you through every step. e107 is a PHP-based content management system that uses the popular open source MySQL database system for content storage. e107 is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License and is completely free, totally customizable and in constant development. It is an ideal tool for developing small to large dynamic community websites, intra company portals, corporate portals, weblogs and much more. It has a large, enthusiastic, and helpful community of users. If you want to create a powerful, fully-featured website in no time, this book is for you. This book will help you explore e107, putting you in the picture of what it offers, and how to go about building a site with the system. The book covers all the core features of e107, and it is thorough and incremental tutorial approach it gives you the understanding to experiment with advanced features and customization. This book is hands-on. As you work through the small business/e-commerce enabled example web site, you will learn how to install, upgrade, configure, and use the various basic features of the e107 Content Management System. The book contains a number of screen shots to reinforce that each step that you perform is correct. This book is primarily for entrepreneurs, small office/home office, small businesses and non-profit agencies who would like to have interactive, business and/or e-commerce web sites at a low cost without sacrificing power or usability. No knowledge of PHP programming, Apache, or MySQL is required.

Nationwide and around the world, instant messaging use is growing, with more than 7 billion instant messages being sent every day worldwide, according to IDC. comScore Media Metrix reports that there are 250 million people across the globe--and nearly 80 million Americans--who regularly use instant messaging as a quick and convenient communications tool.
Google Talking takes communication to the next level, combining the awesome power of Text and Voice This book teaches readers how to blow the lid off of Instant Messaging and Phone calls over the Internet.
This book will cover the program Google Talk in its entirety. From detailed information about each of its features, to a deep-down analysis of how it works. Also, we will cover real techniques from the computer programmers and hackers to bend and tweak the program to do exciting and unexpected things.
* Google has 41% of the search engine market making it by far the most commonly used search engine
* The Instant Messaging market has 250 million users world wide
* Google Talking will be the first book to hit the streets about Google Talk"

Concise, practical Documentum Web Content Management information to help you get the most from this complex and powerful enterprise system One of the world leaders in Enterprise Content Management, the EMC Documentum family of applications helps you manage all types of content across multiple departments within a single repository. With the Web Content Management suite of applications, you can efficiently manage content and underlying processes for your Web properties, and ensures that they are responsive to business needs. To fully realize the power of this system can seem daunting, but this book will help you achieve that. With easy to follow examples, this book will take you the simplest and most straightforward route to success. Along the way, you will learn insights that only a seasoned professional would know. Packed with practical examples, you will get hands-on with the powerful features of Documentum to grow your skills and confidence. You will see tips and tricks to handle complexities of the system, and avoid the common errors that waste your time. From installing and getting started with Documentum, you will see how to design and develop Documentum applications, before rounding off with deployment. The book covers: -Understand the basic components of the Documentum system -Install, configure, and get started with Documentum -Design Documentum applications and custom object types -Create rules and presentation files -Master workflows and create custom workflows -Deploy Documentum applications

Microsoft(r) Exchange Server 2003 Deployment and Migration describes everything that you need to know about designing, planning, and implementing an Exchange 2003 environment. The book discusses the requisite infrastructure requirements of Windows 2000 and Windows 2003. Furthermore, this book covers, in detail, the tools and techniques that messaging system planners and administrators will require in order to establish a functioning interoperability environment between Exchange 2003 and previous versions of Exchange including Exchange 5.5 and Exchange 2000. Since Microsoft will drop support for Exchange 5.5 in 2004, users will have to migrate to Exchange 2003. Additionally the book describes various deployment topologies and environments to cater for a multitude of different organizational requirements.
* Details for consultants and system administrators to migrate from older versions of Exchange 5.5 and Exchange 2000
* Critical information on integration with Outlook 2003 and Windows 2003
* Based on actual implementations of both beta and final release versions of Exchange 2003 in larger enterprise environments

This authoritative book teaches IT professionals responsible for Exchange messaging systems how to efficiently manage the program's many and complex system capabilities and features. Once you've designed and implemented a messaging system, the bulk of the day-to-day work involves monitoring to ensure an optimum traffic flow, accomplished by continuously reviewing and fine-tuning dozens of system specifications and components. Monitoring and Managing Microsoft Exchange 2003 teaches readers proven and innovative techniques, tools, and procedures for managing and optimizing systems of all sizes and types built on Exchange 2003. Based on the author's own twenty years of messaging system experience and the collective experience of HP, the leading implementer of Exchange Server systems, this book will be a leading resource for Exchange administrators and designers.
*Provides best practices and innovative everyday techniques for managing the enterprise Exchange environment
*Teaches readers proven procedures for managing and optimizing systems of all sizes and types
*Based on the author's own twenty years of messaging system experience

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The Only Official Guide to the #1 Personal Finance Software Take control of your personal finances using the best practices and time-saving tips in Quicken(R) 2018 for Windows The Official Guide! Find out the most effective methods for tracking your income, expenses, savings, transactions, investments, and so much more. Endorsed by the makers of Quicken, this practical resource shows you, step by step, how to take full advantage of the software's powerful features, including the Quicken mobile app. You'll also get professional advice to help you reduce debt, stay on budget, save money, invest wisely, and plan for a secure financial future. -Customize Quicken for your preferences-Track income and expenses-Automate transactions and tasks-Record bank and credit card transactions-Use online banking features-Reconcile checking, savings, and credit card accounts-Track investments and optimize your portfolio-Monitor your assets, loans, and net worth-Evaluate your financial position-Reduce debt, save money, and plan for retirement-Simplify tax preparation and maximize deductions-Create Quicken reports