The Finnish Yearbook of International Law aspires to honour and strengthen the Finnish tradition in international legal scholarship. Open to contributions from all over the world and from all persuasions, the Finnish Yearbook stands out as a forum for theoretically informed, high-quality publications on all aspects of public international law, including the international relations law of the European Union. The Finnish Yearbook publishes in-depth articles and shorter notes, commentaries on current developments, book reviews and relevant overviews of Finland's state practice. While firmly grounded in traditional legal scholarship, it is open for new approaches to international law and for work of an interdisciplinary nature. The Finnish Yearbook is published for the Ius Gentium Association (the Finnish Society of International Law) by Hart Publishing. Earlier volumes may be obtained from Martinus Nijhoff, an imprint of Brill Publishers. Further information may be found at www.fybil.org Symposium: International Law, the Environment and Power Katja Keinanen and Kati Kulovesi Introduction to the Special Theme: International Law, the Environment and Power Ellen Hey Global Environmental Law Kati Kulovesi Fragmented Landscapes, Troubled Relationships: The WTO Dispute Settlement System and International Environmental Law China Mieville Multilateralism as Terror: International Law, Haiti and Imperialism Peter H. Sand 'Scientific Whaling': Whither Sanctions for Non-Compliance with International Law? Articles Kirsten J. Fisher Identifying Liability: Ambiguous Charges in International Criminal Law Jorg Kammerhofer Systemic Integration, Legal Theory and the International Law Commission Marja Lehto The Crime of Terrorism and the Emerging Framework of International Criminal Law: Reflections on the 'Hierarchy of Evil' Hannes Peltonen Of Rights and Responsibilities: The Right of Humanitarian Intervention Akbar Rasulov 'The Nameless Rapture of the Struggle': Towards a Marxist Class-Theoretic Approach to International Law viii Kaarlo Tuori The Law's Farewell to the Nation State? Rene Uruena In the Search of International Homo Economicus: Individual Agency and Rationality in Global Governance Book Reviews & Review Essays Edited by Rain Liivoja Shakira Bedoya Sanchez, Zenon Bankowski and James MacLean (eds), The Universal and the Particular in Legal Reasoning Erkki Holmila Simon Chesterman and Chia Lehnardt (eds), From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies Jackson Maogoto, Benedict Sheehy and Virginia K. Newell, Legal Control of the Private Military Corporation Manuel Jimenez Fonseca Paolo Galizzi and Alena Herklotz (eds), The Role of the Environment in Poverty Alleviation Paavo Kotiaho Chittharanjan F. Amerasinghe, Diplomatic Protection Kati Kulovesi Farhana Yamin and Joanna Depledge, The International Climate Change Regime: A Guide to Rules, Institutions and Procedures; David Freestone and Charlotte Streck (eds), Legal Aspects of Implementing the Kyoto Protocol Mechanisms: Making Kyoto Work Rain Liivoja Cedric Ryngaert, Jurisdiction in International Law Reetta Toivanen Mark Goodale (ed.), Human Rights: An Anthropological Reader Silke Trommer Dennis Patterson and Ari Afilalo, The New Global Trading Order: The Evolving State and the Future of World Trade New Finnish Doctoral Dissertations in International Law Viljam Engstrom Understanding Powers of International Organizations: A Study of the Doctrines of Attributed Powers, Implied Powers and Constitutionalism - with a Special Focus on the Human Rights Committee Statement by Jan Klabbers Finnish State Practice Virpi Laukkanen Elements of Finnish State Practice in 2007-2008 Ius Gentium Association

This annual chronicle of American theatre features a collection of essays and articles by noted theatre critics and writers that celebrates the past season, and its ten best plays. In addition, "The Best Plays Theatre Yearbook" also features a stunning array of facts and figures about everything you ever wanted to know about Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-Off Broadway shows for the year - all accompanied by 100 black and white photographs. This comprehensive volume is a must-have for anyone who loves American theatre - from smash musicals to one-man shows.

The Netherlands Yearbook of International Law was first published in 1970. It offers a forum for the publication of scholarly articles of a more general nature in the area of public international law including the law of the european Union. One of the key functions or purposes of international law (and law in general for that matter) is to provide long-term stability and legal certainty. Yet, international legal rules may also function as tools to deal with non-permanent or constantly changing issues and rather than stable, international law may have to be flexible or adaptive. Prima facie, one could think of two main types of temporary aspects relevant from the perspective of international law. First, the nature of the object addressed by international law or the 'problem' that international law aims to address may be inherently temporary (temporary objects). Second, a subject of international law may be created for a specific period of time, after the elapse of which this entity ceases to exist (temporary subjects). These types of temporariness raise several questions from the perspective of international law, which are hardly addressed from a more conceptual perspective. This volume of the Netherlands Yearbook of International Law aims to do exactly that by asking the question of how international law reacts to various types of temporary issues. Put differently, where does international law stand on the continuum of predictability and pragmatism when it comes to temporary issues or institutions?

Thoroughly updated, this extensive reference source provides in-depth information on all matters relating to the European Union (EU): the events surrounding the United Kingdom's planned departure from the EU are covered in depth, including discussion and analysis of the potential implications for the future of the EU; the EU's migration policy is evaluated, together with the EU's legal and social frameworks; enlargement policy and environmental issues are discussed; and external relations and current security challenges are addressed. Key Features: an up-to date chronology of the EU from 1947 to present an A-Z section contains definitions and explanations of organizations, acronyms and terms, and articles on each member state. Comprising over 1,000 entries, terms listed include: Brexit; the European Institute for Gender Equality; Erasmus+; the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund; and the European System of Financial Supervision articles written by experts on the EU provide an overview of its policies and activities. a directory of principal names, addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail and internet addresses of all major European Union institutions and their official bodies. This information is supplemented by summaries of important treaties, and details of EU-level trade and professional associations. Users will also find details of MEPs and the political groups and national parties contributing to the European Parliament a statistical survey gives tables covering: population, employment, agriculture, energy and mining, industry, the environment, finance, trade, transport and communications, tourism, health and welfare, and education across the EU This title will prove valuable to academic and public libraries, politicians and government agencies and the media, as well as to all those in need of accurate and reliable information on the European Union.

Two major factors brought about the establishment of the Netherlands Yearbook of International Law in 1970: demand for the publication of national practice in international law, and the desirability for legal practitioners, state representatives and international lawyers to have access to the growing amount of available data, in the form of articles, notes etc. The documentation section of the NYIL contains an extensive review of Dutch state practice from the parliamentary year prior to publication, an account of developments relating to treaties and other international agreements to which the Netherlands is a party, summaries of Netherlands judicial decisions involving questions of public international law (many of which are not published elsewhere), lists of Dutch publications in the field and extracts from relevant municipal legislation. Although the NYIL has a distinctive national character, it is published in English and the editors do not adhere to any geographical limitations when deciding upon the inclusion of articles.

The literature and research on environmental and resource economics has exploded in recent years. This major annual publication provides a cutting-edge survey of current research by the leading experts in the field. The Yearbook includes contributions on: * climate change policy * general equilibrium models in environmental and resource economics * hedonic property value techniques for policy and litigation * progress and problems in the economics of sustainability * valuing the health effects of pollution * the economics of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils * tradable permits for air quality * linking environmental ethics and environmental policy.

The defining moments of 2001, the terrorist attacks of September 11 against the UnitedStatesofAmerica, markedaturningpointininternational lawandrelations. Bytheirscaleandaudaciousness, overnighttheyhelpedtopropeltheissueofint- national terrorism to the top of the international security agenda and particularly that of the USA, with consequences for many branches of international law, including the jus ad bellum, the jus in bello, international law relating to terrorism, international human rights law and international criminal law, that were just beginning to be felt as the year closed. The September 11 attacks were immediately characterised by the United States 3 as an act of war, an armed attack on such ascale asto constitute an armed conflict. Its immediate response was to declare a so-called 'Global War on Terrorism'. Avowedly acting in self-defense, on 7 October the US launched armed attacks against Afghanistan, notbecause Afghanistan wasconsidered tobelegally resp- sible for the September 11 attacks but for harbouring and refusing to surrender members of Al Qaeda, including its leader, Osama Bin Laden, and refusing to dismantle terrorist training camps. Although the main target of the attacks was Al Qaeda, the armed conflict that ensued was an international armed conflict between the US and its allies and the state of Afghanistan, notwithstanding that the US never recognised the Taleban as the government of Afghanistan.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an analytical tool used by chemists and physicists to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. In recent years, no other technique has grown to such importance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science where precise structural determination is required and where the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied. Annual Reports on NMR has established itself as a premier means for the specialist and nonspecialist alike to become familiar with new techniques and applications of NMR spectroscopy.
* Includes comprehensive review articles on NMR Spectroscopy
* NMR is used in all branches of science
* No other technique has grown to such importance as NMR Spectroscopy in recent years

Today, international investment law consists of a network of multifaceted, multilayered international treaties that, in one way or another, involve virtually every country of the world. The evolution of this network continues, raising a host of issues regarding international investment law and policy, especially in the area of international investment disputes. This Yearbook monitors current developments in international investment law and policy, focusing (in Part One) recent trends and issues in foreign direct investment (FDI). Part Two, then addresses the fundamental developments in European Union policy toward bilateral investment treaties, and helpfully annexes the key official European Union documents. With contributions by leading experts in the field, this title provides timely, authoritative information on FDI that can be used by a wide audience, including practitioners, academics, researchers, and policy makers.

With issues such as immigration and globalization triggering social and legislative adjustments in all major legal systems, labor and employment law is particularly susceptible to change. In this special issue of the "Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business", practitioners who are specialized in labor and employment law provide reports on developments in national systems such as Australia, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Japan, and New Zealand and examine selected issues in the Czech Republic (termination of employment), Latvia (transfer of undertakings), the United States (ranging from sexual harassment in the work place and the ability of partners and share holders to sue employers to employee dress code), and Ukraine (hiring and dismissal procedures).

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an analytical tool used by chemists and physicists to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. In recent years, no other technique has grown to such importance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science where precise structural determination is required and where the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied.

Annual Reports on NMR has established itself as a premier means for the specialist and nonspecialist alike to become familiar with new techniques and applications of NMR spectroscopy.

The Irish Yearbook of International Law (IYIL) supports research into Ireland's practice in international affairs and foreign policy, filling a gap in existing legal scholarship and assisting in the dissemination of Irish thinking and practice on matters of international law. On an annual basis, the Yearbook presents peer-reviewed academic articles and book reviews on general issues of international law. Designated correspondents provide reports on international law developments in Ireland, Irish practice in international bodies, Ireland and the Law of the Sea and the law of the European Union as relevant to developments in Ireland. In addition, the Yearbook reproduces key documents that reflect Irish practice on contemporary issues of international law. Publication of the Irish Yearbook of International Law makes Irish practice and opinio juris more readily available to Governments, academics and international bodies when determining the content of international law. In providing a forum for the documentation and analysis of North-South relations the Yearbook also makes an important contribution to post-conflict and transitional justice studies internationally. As a matter of editorial policy, the Yearbook seeks to promote a multilateral approach to international affairs, reflecting and reinforcing Ireland's long-standing commitment to multilateralism as a core element of foreign policy.

3 On 22 February 2002, Jonas Malheiro Savimbi, who led the UNITA rebel move- 4 ment during the bloody armed conflict in Angola and who had battled to take power by force since Angola's independence from Portugal in 1975, was killed in 5 a gun battle with the Angolan Army. During the Cold War, Savimbi was a proxy for the United States against the then-Marxist government of Angola. But after the end of the Cold War, he lost international support for rejecting peace efforts. He was accused of perpetuating a bloody internal conflict to advance his own interests 6 and was exposed to international sanctions. Meanwhile, the government of Presi- 7 dent Jose Eduardo dos Santos moved closer to the United States. The 27-year-long armed conflict is believed to have killed approximately one million people and driven four million others from their homes, creating a humani- 8 tarian crisis. In addition, the conflict destroyed almost all of the country's inf- structure, and effectively disrupted every effort by the government to start the long desired national reconstruction after independence, and the building of prosperity for the nation's children. Savimbi was viewed as the primary obstacle to peace, personifying the 'corrupt- 9 ing influence of ambition, mineral wealth, and the grinding brutality of war'. His 3. 'UNITA' is the Portuguese acronym for 'National Union for the Total Independence of Angola' (Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola). It was founded in 1966 by the late Mr Jonas Savimbi."

The events relating to Iraq have been critical in defining the post-Cold War inter national system of peace and secnrity. Dealing with Iraq covered the whole legal, political and emotional spectrum. The initial triumphalism was replaced by cyni cism and apathy, ending in division and enmity. Above all, it raised questions about the political and legal foundations of the international secnrity system, its players and their interests. The object of the present paper is to examine the cnr rent meaning and nature of the collective secnrity system premised on the United Nations. An understanding of the flaws and problems associated with the prac tice of this system will enable us to rethink its basis and propose a conceptual framework for its reconstitution on the basis of legitimacy, using the war on Iraq as a case study to illustrate onr arguments. The discussion will begin with a short presentation of the political and legal situation leading to the war against Iraq in March 2003. This will be followed by a critical analysis of the UN collective se cnrity architecture as it evolved after the end of the Cold War. Onr aim at this stage is to identify the characteristics of the system, consider the scope of subse quent developments in conceptual or practical terms and discuss their signifi cance for the international secnrity system."

The International Directory of Government is the definitive guide to people in power in every part of the world. All the top decision-makers are included in this one-volume publication, which brings together government institutions, agencies and personnel from the largest nations (China, India, Russia, etc.) to the smallest overseas dependencies (Guadeloupe, Guernsey and Christmas Island, etc). Institutional entries contain the names and titles of principal officials, postal, e-mail and internet addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and other relevant details. Key features: - comprehensive lists of government ministers and ministries - coverage of state-related agencies and other institutions arranged by subject heading - details of important state, provincial and regional administrations, including information on US states, Russian republics, and the states and territories of India.

The last 12 months have been the strangest anyone can remember; all our lives have been turned upside down. We were unable to meet and hold our loved ones. Our right to travel at home and abroad was suspended. The contestants on University Challenge had plastic screens between them. But it's comforting to know that amid all the turmoil, some things remained unchanged. And Viz Comic was one of them. And we're determined to bring normality back to all our lives with this, our brand new annual. Viz Comic - The Copper's Torch is the same hefty 226 pages as its predecessors have been for many years. Not only that, but the price remains the same at a paltry GBP12.99. And to further add to the sense of normality, the book is packed full of all the usual stuff, including... *Action packed adventure: The 999 Emergency Bomb Squad, The Adventures of Robin of Sherwood, and high-octane thrills with The Topless Speed Freaks. *Informative features: Everything you need to know about Dragons, the blood and guts story of the Colosseum, the toileting facilities of the Tour de France, and the horror of what happens when pets go big. *Letterbocks, Top Tips, Roger's Profanisaurus and all your favourite cartoon characters. So this Christmas, let The Copper's Torch shine a warming light of happiness and hope into your life, or at least into the life of someone in the tricky GBP10- GBP15 present bracket.

The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2019 serves as an unequalled one-volume guide to the contemporary international system. Within a clear, unique framework the recent activities of all major international organizations are described in detail. Given alongside extensive background information the reader is able to assess the role and evolving functions of these organizations in today's world. The contact details, key personnel and activities of more than 2,000 international and regional entities have again been thoroughly researched and updated for this 19th edition. Highlights in this edition include: - a fully revised Who's Who section with biographical details of the key players in the international system. - the response of the international community to crises and conflicts throughout the world. - introductory essays, written and updated by experts in their field, which consider topics including global environmental governance, the international criminal justice system, international humanitarian co-operation, and governance of the global economy.