In his 1933 inaugural address, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt
stated: "In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation
to the policy of the good neighbor-the neighbor who resolutely
respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of
others." Later that year, he declared, "The definite policy of the
United States from now on is one opposed to armed intervention."
Why was there a need for Roosevelt to institute the Good Neighbor
policy in the Western hemisphere? McPherson answers this question
by looking at the United States' military interventions in Latin
America, the longest ever US occupations in the Western hemisphere.
In his first book, Alan McPherson examined the roots of
anti-Americanism in Latin America during the Cuban Revolution,
Panama riots, and US intervention in the Dominican Republic from
1958 to 1966 and delving deeply into the impact of the love-hate
ambivalence on US foreign relations. In this new book, he moves
backwards in time to explore American occupations of Nicaragua
(1912-33), Haiti (1915-34), and the Dominican Republic (1916-24).
McPherson proposes not only that opposition to U.S. intervention
was more widespread than commonly acknowledged but that
anti-imperial movements in the Caribbean basin were primarily
responsible for bringing about the end of U.S. occupation, rather
than domestic concerns such as the Great Depression or the American
public's lack of stamina for overseas imperial ventures. Studying
the qualities of the resisters-urban and rural, female and male,
peasants and caudillos (local strongmen)-and the US Marines who
occupied their countries, McPherson forms nuanced understandings of
the movements, as well as the support they received from Mexico,
Cuba, France, and the United States-and posits that the strength of
the resistance led to the about-face in US foreign policy. He also
looks at the massive movements of opposition to occupations within
the US, especially after the First World War, highlighting the
divisions between expansionists, including the US military and Wall
Street, and those who wished to respect the autonomy of small
nations, including the NAACP and the State Department. This broad
and nuanced work serves as a much-needed contribution to
transnational history, US history, and Latin American history,
while shedding historical light on the resistance to US
occupations.
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