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Physiology of Astroglia - Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission (Paperback)
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Physiology of Astroglia - Channels, Receptors, Transporters, Ion Signaling and Gliotransmission (Paperback)
Series: Colloquium Series on Neuroglia in Biology and Medicine: From Physiology to Disease
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Astrocytes can be defined as the glia inhabiting the nervous system
with the main function in the maintenance of nervous tissue
homeostasis. Classified into several types according to their
morphological appearance, many of astrocytes form a reticular
structure known as astroglial syncytium, owing to their coupling
via intercellular channels organized into gap junctions. Not only
do astrocytes establish such homocellular contacts, but they also
engage in intimate heterocellular interactions with neurons, most
notably at synaptic sites. As synaptic structures house the very
core of information transfer and processing in the nervous system,
astroglial perisynaptic positioning assures that these glial cells
can nourish neurons and establish bidirectional communication with
them, functions outlined in the concepts of the astrocytic cradle
and multi-partite synapse, respectively. Astrocytes possess a rich
assortment of ligand receptors, ion and water channels, and ion and
ligand transporters, which collectively contribute to astrocytic
control of homeostasis and excitability. Astroglia control
glutamate and adenosine homeostasis to exert modulatory actions
affecting the real-time operation of synapses. Fluctuations of
intracellular calcium can lead to the release of various chemical
transmitters from astrocytes through a process termed
gliotransmission. Sodium fluctuations are closely associated to
those of calcium with both dynamic events interfacing signaling and
metabolism. Astrocytes appear fully integrated into the brain
cellular circuitry, being an indispensable part of neural networks.
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