Surrogacy is India's new form of outsourcing, as couples from
all over the world hire Indian women to bear their children for a
fraction of the cost of surrogacy elsewhere with little to no
government oversight or regulation. In the first detailed
ethnography of India's surrogacy industry, Amrita Pande visits
clinics and hostels and speaks with surrogates and their families,
clients, doctors, brokers, and hostel matrons in order to shed
light on this burgeoning business and the experiences of the
laborers within it. From recruitment to training to delivery,
Pande's research focuses on how reproduction meets production in
surrogacy and how this reflects characteristics of India's larger
labor system.
Pande's interviews prove surrogates are more than victims of
disciplinary power, and she examines the strategies they deploy to
retain control over their bodies and reproductive futures. While
some women are coerced into the business by their families, others
negotiate with clients and their clinics to gain access to
technologies and networks otherwise closed to them. As surrogates,
the women Pande meets get to know and make the most of advanced
medical discoveries. They traverse borders and straddle
relationships that test the boundaries of race, class, religion,
and nationality. Those who focus on the inherent inequalities of
India's surrogacy industry believe the practice should be either
banned or strictly regulated. Pande instead advocates for a better
understanding of this complex labor market, envisioning an
international model of fair-trade surrogacy founded on openness and
transparency in all business, medical, and emotional exchanges.
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