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Rewriting the Return to Africa - Voices of Francophone Caribbean Women Writers (Paperback)
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Rewriting the Return to Africa - Voices of Francophone Caribbean Women Writers (Paperback)
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Rewriting The Return to Africa: Voices of Francophone Caribbean
Women Writers examines the ways Guadeloupean women writers Maryse
Conde, Simone Schwarz-Bart and Myriam Warner-Vieyra demystify the
theme of the return to Africa as opposed to the masculinist version
by Negritude male writers from the 1930s to 1960s. Negritude, a
cultural and literary movement, drew much of its strength from the
idea of a mythical or cultural reconnection with the African past
allegorized as a mother figure. In contrast these women writers, of
the post-colonial era who are to large extent heirs of Negritude,
differ sharply from their male counterparts in their representation
of Africa. In their novels, the continent is not represented as a
propitious mother figure but a disappointing father figure. This
study argues that these women writers' subversion of the
metaphorical figure of Africa and its transformation is tied to
their gender. The women novelists are indeed critical of a female
allegorization of the land that is reminiscent of a colonial or
nationalist project and a simplistic representation of motherhood
that does not reflect the complexities of the Diaspora's relation
to origins and identity. Unlike the primary male writers of the
Negritude movement, they carefully "gendered" the notion of return
by choosing female protagonists who made their way back to the
Motherland in search of identity. I argue that writing is a more
suitable space for the female subject seeking identity because it
allows her to have a voice and become subject rather than object as
that was the case with the Negritude writers. The women writers'
shattering of the image of Mother Africa and subsequently that of
Father Africa highlights the complex relationship between Africa
and the Diaspora from a female point of view. It shifts the
identity quest of the characters towards the Caribbean, which
emerges as the real problematic mother: a multi-faceted, fragmented
figure that reflects the constitutive clash that occurred in the
archipelago between Europe, Africa, and the Americas where the
issues of race, gender, class, culture, ethnicity, history, and
language are very complex.
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