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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Biochemistry > Toxicology (non-medical)
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Plants and their Interaction to Environmental Pollution - Damage Detection, Adaptation, Tolerance, Physiological and Molecular Responses (Paperback)
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Plants and their Interaction to Environmental Pollution - Damage Detection, Adaptation, Tolerance, Physiological and Molecular Responses (Paperback)
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Environmental pollution as a consequence of diverse human
activities has become a global concern. Urbanization, mining,
industrial revolution, burning of fossil fuels/firewood and poor
agricultural practices, in addition to improper dumping of waste
products, are largely responsible for the undesirable change in the
environment composition. Environmental pollution is mainly
classified as air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, noise
pollution, thermal pollution, light pollution, and plastic
pollution. Nowadays, it has been realized that with the increasing
environmental pollution, impurities may accumulate in plants, which
are required for basic human uses such as for food, clothing,
medicine, and so on. Environmental pollution has tremendous impacts
on phenological events, structural patterns, physiological
phenomena, biochemical status, and the cellular and molecular
features of plants. Exposure to environmental pollution induces
acute or chronic injury depending on the pollutant concentration,
exposure duration, season and plant species. Moreover, the global
rise of greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
nitrous oxides, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone in the
atmosphere is among the major threats to the biodiversity. They
have also shown visible impacts on life cycles and distribution of
various plant species. Anthropogenic activities, including the
fossil-fuel combustion in particular, are responsible for steady
increases in the atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations. This
phenomenon accelerates the global heating. Studies have suggested
that the changes in carbon dioxide concentrations, rainfall and
temperature have greatly influenced the plant physiological and
metabolic activities including the formation of biologically active
ingredients. Taken together, plants interact with pollutants, and
cause adverse ecological and economic outcomes. Therefore, plant
response to pollutants requires more investigation in terms of
damage detection, adaptation, tolerance, and the physiological and
molecular responses. The complex interplay among other emerging
pollutants, namely, radioisotopes, cell-phone radiation,
nanoparticles, nanocomposites, heavy metals etc. and their impact
on plant adaptation strategies, and possibility to recover,
mitigation, phytoremediation, etc., also needs to be explored.
Further, it is necessary to elucidate better the process of the
pollutant's uptake by plant and accumulation in the food chain, and
the plant resistance capability against the various kinds of
environmental pollutants. In this context, the identification of
tolerance mechanisms in plants against pollutants can help in
developing eco-friendly technologies, which requires molecular
approaches to increase plant tolerance to pollutants, such as plant
transformation and genetic modifications. Pollutant-induced
overproduction of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage and
apoptosis-related alterations, has also been examined. They also
trigger changes at the levels of transcriptome, proteome, and
metabolome, which has been discussed in this book.
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