Organization Development and Society: Theory and Practice of
Organization Development Consulting offers a new approach for the
practice of organization development (OD). The new approach, a
habitus oriented OD (HOOD), sees consultees' thinking and behavior
a result of habitus, a cognitive structure developed historically
in endless interactions between human behavior and social
structures. HOOD has two goals: The first goal is to redefine the
objectives of individually oriented OD. The focus on habitus and
social structure allows individually oriented OD scholars and
practitioners to keep their subjective approach, which searches for
consultees' inner world. However, this subjectivity searches not
only for consultees' psychological but their social dispositions.
It views the individual level, the habitus, as a site of social
dispositions that from within the individual consultees generate
thoughts and behaviors in a way that closely corresponds with the
organization's social structure; with power relations and social
positions and with accepted metaphors and common language. The HOOD
links the concept of habitus to the field of OD and in so doing
provides an alternative way to incorporate the individual and the
social in OD. HOOD's second goal is to re/position OD between
organizations and society and thus to produce a consulting practice
that is both pragmatic and human. It is pragmatic since
incorporation of habitus enables the consultant to liberate
consultees' perspectives and behavior from the organization's
social and structural hoops and to use these perspectives in
processes of change and development. Considering the habitus as
central to consulting projects is human since it enables
consultants (and consultees) to identify the responsibility for
organizational problems (and other phenomena) not only at the level
of the individual but also at the level of the organization and the
environment outside the organization.
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