During the past two decades, many organizations have sought to
utilize a number of participative management techniques in order to
both motivate their workforce and to make their operations more
effective in terms of costs, quality, productivity, and customer
service. This study examines one such technique that has gained
widespread popularity: job enrichment or job redesign. Written for
students and practitioners of human resource management and
organizational development, the authors report on the experience
with job enrichment and work restructuring in four firms and
compare the experiences of two. Throughout, the authors focus
particularly on the primary challenge confronted by job redesign
advocates within the individual organization: how to diffuse the
relevant concepts in such a way that they have a widespread and
lasting impact on the performance of the organization.
Using detailed written documentation from the four companies as
well as in-depth interviews, the authors describe how each company
attempted to diffuse job redesign throughout the organization and
identify the lessons for management that can be learned from each
case. The reasons for the success or failure of diffusion in each
company are examined in detail as are the particular steps taken by
personnel within the organization. As the authors demonstrate, the
successful spread of new management concepts throughout the
organization requires skillful manipulation by internal advocates
of the process. The most effective advocates, they argue, have
detailed knowledge of the operations of an organization and use
this knowledge to develop their innovations.
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