More than twenty million migrant workers send $40 billion to
their countries of origin each year, making labor second only to
oil as the most important commodity traded internationally. The
essays contained here deal with this unsettled sociopolitical
issue--international labor migration and its relationship to
economic development--seeking to determine the effects of
recruitment, remittances, and return migration on labor-exporting
countries. Many analysts, sending-country governments, employers,
and migrant workers feel that countries with unemployed workers
should, if possible, export them to countries with labor shortages.
Remittances from migrants and returning workers who were trained
abroad should stimulate economic growth enough to reduce
unemployment and pressures to emigrate. It was projected that
within a decade or less, labor-importing countries would emerge
from the labor-shortage phase of their development. However,
migrant workers have become a structural feature of the economies
in Western Europe, the Middle East, South Africa, and the United
States: emigration does not promote development in the sending
countries. This collection of twelve chapters by experts in the
field examines the conceptual and theoretical issues in
international labor migration and looks at the relationship between
migration and development in Africa, between Mediterranean
countries and Europe, between Asian labor exporters and Middle
Eastern importers, and the effects of emigration on Latin America
and the Caribbean.
In addition to comprehensive introductory and concluding
sections, Conceptual and Theoretical Issues in International Labor
Migration and The Unsettled Relationship between Migration and
Development, the volume is divided into four additional sections
that scrutinize labor migration and development in Africa, Greece,
and Turkey, Asian countries, and Latin America, Mexico, and the
Caribbean. The book's recurring theme states that there is no iron
law of migration-induced development: recruitment, remittances, and
returns do not automatically generate stay-at-home development.
This first thorough and comparative treatment, with its focus on
the population, social policy, labor market, language, and foreign
policy implications of recent and present policies, will be
invaluable for courses on refugees and migrants in sociology and
comparative public policy. Research libraries and international
assistance organizations will find it an indispensable
resource.
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