This thesis focuses on a means of obtaining, for the first time,
full electromagnetic imaging of photonic nanostructures. The author
also develops a unique practical simulation framework which is used
to confirm the results. The development of innovative photonic
devices and metamaterials with tailor-made functionalities depends
critically on our capability to characterize them and understand
the underlying light-matter interactions. Thus, imaging all
components of the electromagnetic light field at nanoscale
resolution is of paramount importance in this area. This challenge
is answered by demonstrating experimentally that a hollow-pyramid
aperture probe SNOM can directly image the horizontal magnetic
field of light in simple plasmonic antennas - rod, disk and ring.
These results are confirmed by numerical simulations, showing that
the probe can be approximated, to first order, by a magnetic
point-dipole source. This approximation substantially reduces the
simulation time and complexity and facilitates the otherwise
controversial interpretation of near-field images. The validated
technique is used to study complex plasmonic antennas and to
explore new opportunities for their engineering and
characterization.
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