As Hitler's Einsatzgruppen (mobile SS killing units) marched into
the Soviet Union directly behind the advancing Wehrmacht to murder
Jews and others, less well-known units were also following in the
footsteps of the German armed forces. They were called, among other
things, petroleum units, petroleum commissions, or technical
brigades. Their mission was to seize and exploit the oil-producing
areas of the conquered territories. Following the pillaging of oil
in Poland, France, and the Low Countries, these predatory units
were the latest examples of Nazi Germany's relentless efforts
before and during World War II to achieve self-sufficiency in fuel.
But only in the East - first in the Soviet Union and then in the
Middle East - could Hitler find sufficient quantities of oil to
free Germany of all external dependency and to provide the
resources he needed to wage war indefinitely. To achieve his aim
Hitler envisioned his armored columns advancing through North
Africa and the Caucasus to a juncture somewhere in the Near East in
what the historian Martin Blumenson called"the most gigantic pincer
movement in history." In this prodigiously researched study,
Dietrich Eichholtz tells the story of Nazi Germany's plans to
establish a global oil empire, from the plan's inception in 1938 to
its collapse in 1943.
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