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Books > Professional & Technical > Mechanical engineering & materials > Materials science > Testing of materials
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Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation - Volume 7B (Hardcover, 1988 ed.)
Loot Price: R2,209
Discovery Miles 22 090
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Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation - Volume 7B (Hardcover, 1988 ed.)
Series: Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 7 B
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It has been shown both experimentally {2} and theoretically {2,3}
that surface skimming SH waves propagating along symmetry axes of
the texture have velocities that differ in proportion to the
magnitude of any stress that lies along one of the symmetry axes.
Specifically, the stress is directly proportional to the relative
velocity difference through the equation -,--V ik=---V. -=ki) ( I)
cr. = 2G (-V ~ ik where cr. is the stress in the direction i, G is
the shear modulus and Vik is the ~elocity of an SH wave propagating
in the i direction and polarized in the k direction. This rather
simple relationship is particularly useful because the constant of
proportionality involves only the well known shear modulus and the
velocity term can be measured directly by observing the transit
time shift when a transmitter-receiver pair of SH wave transducers
are rotated through 90 degrees on the surface of the part.
Experimentally, Equation (I) was tested on the web of railroad
rails which had been loaded by a 200,000 pound mechanical testing
machine {I}. The method of exciting and detecting the necessary
surface skimming SH waves used electromagnetic acoustic transducers
(EMATs) that operated through a magnetostrictive mechanism at high
magnetic fields {4}. Wave velocities parallel and perpendicular to
the axis of the rail on the web differed by the amount predicted by
Equation (I) to an absolute accuracy of 30 percent in the worst
case.
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