Closing the Gap is an accessible overview of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and the impact it is set to have on various sectors in South Africa and Africa. It explores the previous industrial revolutions that have led up to this point and outlines South Africa’s position been through each one.

With a focus on artificial intelligence as a core concept in understanding the 4IR, this book uses familiar concepts to explain artificial intelligence, how it works and how it can be used in banking, mining, medicine and many other fields.

Written from an African perspective, Closing the Gap addresses the challenges and fears around the 4IR by pointing to the opportunities presented by new technologies and outlining some of the challenges and successes to date

Develop a thorough understanding of the mechanics of materials - an essential area in mechanical, civil, and structural engineering -- with the analytical approach and problem-solving emphasis in the market-leading MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 9E.

This book focuses on the analysis and design of structural members subjected to tension, compression, torsion, bending, and more.

Photographs and detailed diagrams demonstrate reactive and internal forces and resulting deformations.

This book makes a serious effort at bringing forth and synergistically combining the concepts of green chemistry, sustainability and nanotechnology and should motivate scientistsat all levels to think clearly and seriously about creating and optimizing novel and sustainable green approaches to nanotechnology. The chapters in this book can be divided into three broad categories: 1) Advancement in research on pollution control through the green chemistry principles of nanotechnology; 2) Emergence of nanomaterials in widespread applications in various scientific fields, including but not limited to sensors and catalysts; 3) Extension of research into nanotechnology and green nanotechnology at a rapid pace. Review articles on the individual aspects of these diverse and complementary topics have become important resources for researchers, industry leaders, and regulators, both nationally and internationally. This book contains a few chapters associated with these particular themes, and provides glimpses of the many difficulties and challenges faced by those who seek to not only understand but also regulate the new nanomaterials. Nanotechnology represents a unique field of science, and necessitates new and novel sustainable approaches to create usable end products for the market place with the primary goal of yielding less adverse effects upon both human health and the environment.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) stands for an intriguing phenomenon in which a series of non-emissive molecules in solutions are induced to emit strongly in the aggregate or solid state. The concept of AIE was first coined by author Ben Zhong Tang in 2001, when he and his co-workers serendipitously discovered that 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsilole was almost non-emissive in ethanol solution but became extremely bright in water-ethanol mixtures. Over the past 15 years, AIE has grown into a research field with high visibility and broad impact across both science and technology. Aggregation-Induced Emission: Materials and Applications summarizes the recent advances in AIE research, ranging from fundamentals, such as design, synthesis, and optical properties of AIE-active molecules, to mechanism studies supported by modeling and experimental investigations, and further to promising applications in the fields of energy, environment, and biology. The topics covered in Volume 2 include: AIE polymers; AIE-induced chirogenesis; Room-temperature phosphorescent AIE molecules; Liquid crystalline AIE molecules; AIE materials for energy devices; New chemo- and biosensors with AIE molecules; Cell structure and function imaging with AIE molecules; and AIE materials in drug delivery and therapy.

This ACS Symposium Series is the product of a symposium held at the 241st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Anaheim, CA on March 27-31, 2011. It includes chapters on new biobased building blocks such as the furandicarboxylic acid, polyesters and polyamides from adipic, succinic and sebacic acids with aliphatic diols such as 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,12-dodecylenediol and isosorbide. The conversion of hydroxymethylfurfural, the dehydration product of hexose sugars, to succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol to produce poly(butylene succinate) is described in one chapter. Also the synthesis of new polymers from plant-derived olefinic monomers such as tulipalin A and studies of composites from cotton by-products are featured in other chapters. There is a strong emphasis on biocatalytic synthesis and polymerization within the book. Chapter topics include the synthesis of ?-hydroxyfatty acids and polymers therefrom, an interesting discussion on the structural differences of the products of the biocatalytic and chemical catalytic synthesis of polyesters from oleic diacid and glycerol and the ability to produce polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-PHA copolyesters within a "microbial cell factory". Other areas of interest explored in other chapters include recent developments of biobased polymer fibers and oleate-based pressure sensitive adhesives and composites. One chapter describes a large increase in cold-drawn fiber tensile strength by the blending of a small amount of ultrahigh molecular weight (MW) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) with a much lower MW 3-hydroxybutyrate polymer. The addition of a rubber and inorganic fillers to normally brittle PLA was found to dramatically improve its ductility. Finally, there are several chapters on seed oil-based polyurethanes, one on fibers from soy proteins and composites from starch.

This volume examines recent developments in the use of intelligent materials and systems for drug delivery. Controlled release technology is moving from being a simple carrier of active agents to becoming a powerful and flexible method that permits subtle modulation of the delivery profile based on the needs of the biological host. The chapters collected here cover recent advances in materials with responsive properties, novel concepts in controlled release technology, new applications, and microanalytical techniques for rapid and accurate measurements of small samples.

Nanoscale Materials in Chemistry describes research on the development of catalysts and adsorbents based on nanoscale materials. It includes new fundamental research and applications, beginning with a review of research on the development of nanoscale metal oxides that have environmental applications. Information on product development is described for selected products that have been developed and commercialized.
This book is for scientists and engineers who are engaged in research, development, and commercialization of nanoscale materials for environmental applications. Those interested in the pathway from idea to product will find this book valuable to them. Those interested in sustainable indoor environments will find new information on in room devices that may be able to reduce energy use in buildings. Toxicology and product safety are included as well.

This title is a NATED (Report 191) subject for N2 which is the 2nd level in the National Certificate. Level 3 refers to its level within the National Qualifications Framework.

Fitting and machining theory NQF level 3 is written in line with the unit standards of the MERSETA, previously known as the metal industry, and with the current syllabus of the department of education. The title follows a modular compe-tency-based approach. This text assists the facilitator and learner to achieve success with its outcomes-based approach.

Self-assessment questions are provided to help learners identify areas in which they can improve. There are also assignments at the end of each learning unit that allow learners to practise and improve their skills. Some learning units end with a checklist where learners can see which critical cross-field outcomes are covered.

The world-wide sales of polysiloxanes or silicones at the beginning of this new millennium is approximately $10 billion per year. Commercial products range from those entirely composed of silicone to products where the silicone is a low level but key component. This symposium covered the recent academic and technological developments behind silicones and silicone-modified materials and the sessions were well attended of wide interest to both the academic and industrial communities. The papers from our two highly successful symposia in this important area were published in the books Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials, (Eds. S. J. Clarson, J. J. Fitzgerald, M. J. Owen and S. D. Smith), ACS Symposium Series Vol. 729 / Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-8412-3613-5 and Synthesis and Properties of Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials, (Eds. S. J. Clarson, J. J. Fitzgerald, M. J. Owen, S. D. Smith and M. E. Van Dyke), ACS Symposium Series Vol 838 / Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-8412-3804-9

Polymeric materials have been and continue to be a focus of research in the development of materials for energy conversion, storage and delivery applications (fuel cells, batteries, photovoltaics, capacitors, etc.). Significant growth in this field started in the early 1990s and has continued to grow quite substantially since that time. Polymeric materials now have a prominent place in energy research.
For polymers, particularly polyelectrolytes, being used in fuel cell and battery applications, the importance of chain microstructure, chain dynamics, and nanoscale morphology on the overall performance characteristics of these materials cannot be overstated. As further advancements are made in polymer chemistry, control of nanostructure and characterization, there is a necessity for organized forums that foster cross-fertilization of knowledge and ideas between experts in polymer chemistry, chemical engineering, and polymer physics. This volume is the result of such a forum.
Most of the chapters in this book are based on a cross-section of the oral presentations in a symposium on Polymers for Energy Storage and Delivery held in March of 2011 as part of the 241st ACS National Meeting & Exposition (Anaheim, CA). The book contains 17 chapters presented in two parts. Part one focuses on polymers for battery applications and will cover theory and modeling, novel materials, and materials characterization. Professor Janna Maranas has provided an excellent review of the current state of understanding in polyelectrolytes as ion conductors in batteries. Part two will focus on polymers for fuel cells and will cover novel materials, transport, and materials characterization with a brief introduction into the history of polyelectrolytes for fuel cells and the classes of materials being pursued. Realizing the common role that nanostructure plays in both battery and fuel cell applications, Professor Moon Jeong Park and coworkers have also contributed a chapter demonstrating the role of nanostructured polyelectrolyte systems in energy storage and delivery. In addition, the editors are pleased to have a chapter-contributed by Professor Howard Wang and staff scientists of the NIST Center for Neutron Research-on the most state-of-art, in-situ neutron methods for studying lithium ion batteries.

Flight dynamics create important research problems in the process of helicopter design. They involve advanced design ideas and engineering technology theories. This book concerns flight theory and research methods for helicopter flight science and technology. The contents include the fundamentals of rotor aerodynamics, helicopter trim, helicopter stability and control, and helicopter performance analyses. The book also lokks at the kinematics, dynamics, control, and aerodynamics of the helicopter during maneuvering flight. With an emphasis on the physical concepts, the characteristics of rotor flapping, theoretical analyses and numerical simulation methods for helicopter flight mechanics are detail described in detail. The book is primarily intended for senior undergraduates and postgraduates who major in aerospace engineering. It is also a good reference book for helicopter engineers interested design and operational engineering. It lays a foundation for the study of helicopter aeromechanics.

Parameters of fabric texture and their design gives, in a concise and systematic format, a fundamental understanding of fabric structural parameters, their effect on fabric properties and methods of their calculation and design. The book gives an insight into the most popular weaves applied in contemporary weaving practice, the methods of their formation and the kind of fabrics for which they are applied. The book describes conception and methods for fabric design developed by distinguished English, German, Italian, Bulgarian and Russian scientists in accordance with different initial parameters of fabrics. This book has been written for textile designers, technologists, managers, students and researchers.

Explores scientific and regulatory issues within the framework of a program for the management of toxic substances. Covers all major elements of toxic handling and treatment/disposal. Includes listings of government agency contacts, hotline, reporting, and regulated toxics. Intended for environmenta

'MerryGold and The PeriodiCity Mysteries', the second in the 'MerryGold' series, takes place in the mythical kingdom of PeriodiCity and centers on one of the kingdom's loyal 'elementary' subjects, an inquisitive girl named MerryGold. Her curiosity in all things elemental makes her particularly suited to investigate all peculiar chemical phenomena in the kingdom. The present story begins with a gala ball thrown by King Helium and Queen Neon for all Elementarians, a suspicious phantasm of light and a quest for a special jewel to celebrate Queen Neon's birthday. MerryGold is driven to undertake a journey to understand the origins of the mysterious light; the King needs an adventurer to seek the Queen's jewel. So embarks MerryGold, at behest of the King, to the remote islands of Periodicity where a multitude of new adventures await her. One by one, she visits the Halogen Islands, enjoying many new friends and learning much about the tasks they carry out for the service of the King. When all seems lost concerning the unraveling of her own mystery, she finally discovers a vital clue that enables her to solve it. But alas, other curious phenomena are added to her list of things she must soon discover! Seeing past the superficial cloud of electrons and into the core of her atomic acquaintances, she is able ultimately to acquire not only the special jewel for the Queen, but also to unravel the mystery of the light phantasm that she encountered during the festive party of the King and Queen. The book is meant to teach the basics of chemical and physical observation, and that basic atoms and molecules interact in characteristic ways. While teaching chemical principles, the book draws in the reader into a fun adventure where atoms and molecules have personal qualities not so different from the scientists who might study them. This personification of atoms and molecules makes the topics more approachable to young readers and alerts older readers to the slight poetic license taken with regard to some details of the laws of nature. With each reading, the reader should pick up new ideas and concepts, developing an appreciation for general scientific thought processes. These basic principles, expressed by the atomic characters, foster a sense that the workings of material world are understandable to anyone interested in taking the journey. This particular adventure, in particular, has a special emphasis on the Halogen elements.

Polymer Rheology is a fundamental discipline underlying modern polymer processing. The term rheology could be generally defined as the science of deformation and flow for non-traditional materials that display a nonlinear combination of viscous, elastic and plastic effects, such as polymers, food stuffs, lubricating greases etc. The rheology of polymeric liquids is the most complicated part of general rheology. As any scientific discipline it consists of coupled theoretical and experimental parts. The most difficult part for the first studies of polymer rheology is the theory. This textbook attempts to overcome this difficulty and provide the readers with a balanced knowledge of modern types of continuum theories, experiments and some applications.

This handy reference compiles the latest data on the corrosion behavior of materials coming into contact with CO2 -- with 95% of the contents previously unpublished.
It is clearly structured according to material, and covers metals, non-metallic inorganic materials and plastics as well as including information about corrosion protection.
The result is a must-have for all engineers and scientists dealing with corrosion problems in CO2-containing environments.

This book considers the theory of linear electrical circuits in steady regimes and transients as well as common problems of synthesis of linear electrical circuits, the theory of electrical linear circuits with distributed parameters and the calculation of nonlinear electrical and magnetic circuits. It has been prepared for undergraduate students, bachelors, masters and postgraduates at this important stage of developing techniques and technologies.

Fluid Mechanics is the study of fluids as an important branch of engineering mechanics. Almost everything on this planet either is a fluid or moves within or near a fluid. The essence of the subject of fluid flow is a judicious compromise between theory and experiment. This textbook not only makes a great deal of theoretical treatment available, but also provides experimental results as a natural and easy complement to the theory. The principles considered in the book are fundamental, and have been well established. However, in presenting this important subject, we have drawn on our own ideas and experience. Throughout the revisions, the informal and student-oriented writing style has been retained and further enhanced, and if it succeeds, has the flavor of an interactive lecture by the authors.

Corrosion resistance is the property of a material to resist corrosion attack in a particular aggressive environment. Although titanium, tantalum and zirconium are not noble metals, they are the best choice whenever high corrosion resistance is required. The exceptionally good corrosion resistance of these high-performance metals and their alloys results from the formation of a very stable, dense, highly adherent, and self-healing protective oxide film on the metal surface. This naturally occurring oxide layer prevents chemical attack of the underlying metal surface. This behavior also means, however, that high corrosion resistance can be expected only under neutral or oxidizing conditions. Under reducing conditions, a lower resistance must be reckoned with. Only very few inorganic and organic substances are able to attack titanium, tantalum or zirconium at ambient temperature. As the extraordinary corrosion resistance is coupled with an excellent formability and weldability these materials are very valuable for a large number of applications, such as heat exchangers, reaction vessels, funace construction, radiation shielding, implants for medical technology, and capacitor components in electronics.

Derived from the renowned" DECHEMA Corrosion Handbook," this text provides a comprehensive overview of corrosion protection and prevention on the high-performance materials Titanium, Tantalum and Zirconium.

This guideline is one of a series produced by the British Fluid Power Association's Technical committees. These committees are manned by acknowledged experts from industry who give their time voluntarily. As such this document and others form part of a valuable library of technical information. In addition to being a superb source of reference to engineers, students may also use this guideline to form part of a study package when completing one of the many BFPA or other awarding body courses.

This work covers very modern mechanics, combined with contemporary techniques for non-destructive research of granular materials comparable with geotechnical methods such as ground penetrating radar, and even non-invasive medical procedures such as magnetic resonance scanning and x-ray. There are wide-ranging applications for these methods in areas such as petroleum, mining and foundation engineering. Multiple questions, problems and hands-on experiments, designed to consolidate concepts and suggest application to other situations, are presented in each chapter. These are also included on a dedicated web-site, used to keep the book up-to-date.

A proven approach to the conceptual understanding of engineering mechanics that will help you improve your problem-solving skills. Engineering Mechanics: Statics SI Units, 15th edition, Global edition, excels in providing a clear and thorough presentation of the theory and application of engineering mechanics. Ideal for students who study Statics courses, this text will empower you to succeed by drawing upon Professor Hibbeler's decades of everyday classroom experience and knowledge on student learning. A variety of new video types are available in this latest edition. The author carefully developed each video to expertly demonstrate how to solve problems, modelling the best way to reach a solution and giving you extra opportunities to practice honing your problem-solving skills. Further key features include: Comprehensive summaries of key concepts discussed in the text. Additional figures, animations and photos to enhance your learning. A large variety of problems with varying levels of difficulty, stressing practical, realistic situations. An expanded Answer Section in the back of the book - now including additional information related to the solution of select Fundamental and Review Problems. Also available with Mastering Engineering with Pearson eText Mastering (R) is the teaching and interactive learning platform that allows instructors to reach every student with powerful self-study material and assessments, helping them become active participants in their learning, and achieve better results. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and Mastering (R) Engineering, search for: 9781292444031 Engineering Mechanics: Statics SI Units, 15th edition, Global edition plus Mastering Engineering with Pearson eText. Package consists of: 9781292444048 Engineering Mechanics: Statics SI Units, 15th edition, Global edition 9781292444000 Engineering Mechanics: Statics SI Units, 15th edition, Global edition Mastering (R) Engineering 9781292444017 Engineering Mechanics: Statics SI Units, 15th edition, Global edition with Pearson eText Mastering (R) Engineering is not included. Students, if Mastering is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN. Mastering should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.

Known for its accuracy, clarity, and dependability, Meriam, Kraige, and Bolton's Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, 9th Edition has provided a solid foundation of mechanics principles for more than 60 years. This text continues to help students develop their problem-solving skills with an extensive variety of engaging problems related to engineering design. In addition to new homework problems, the text includes a number of helpful sample problems. To help students build necessary visualization and problem-solving skills, the text strongly emphasizes drawing free-body diagrams, one of the most important skills needed to solve mechanics problems.

This must-have reference for all chemical engineers, material scientists and chemists working with steel or acidic media explains how to strengthen the corrosion resistance of steels as reaction, transport and storage devices against lyes (hydroxides) and organic acids. The handbook contains comprehensive information, including tabulated data and references, on the corrosion properties of the following materials: Unalloyed steels and cast steel Unalloyed cast iron High-alloy cast iron High-silicon cast iron Structural steels with up to 12% chromium Ferritic chromium steels with more than 12% chromium Ferritic-austenitic steels with more than 12% chromium High-alloy multiphase steels Ferritic/perlitic-martensitic steels Ferritic-austenitic steels/duplex steels Austenitic chromium-nickel steels Austenitic chromium-nickel-molybdenum steels Austenitic chromium-nickel steels with special alloying additions Special iron-based alloys The following corrosive media are considered: Acetic Acid Alkanecarboxylic Acids Carbonic Acid Formic Acid Sulfonic Acids Alkaline Earth Hydroxides Ammonia and Ammonium Hydroxide Lithium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide

Well-structured and adopting a pedagogical approach, this self-contained monograph covers the fundamentals of scanning probe microscopy, showing how to use the techniques for investigating physical and chemical properties on the nanoscale and how they can be used for a wide range of soft materials. It concludes with a section on the latest techniques in nanomanipulation and patterning. This first book to focus on the applications is a must-have for both newcomers and established researchers using scanning probe microscopy in soft matter research. From the contents: * Atomic Force Microscopy and Other Advanced Imaging Modes * Probing of Mechanical, Thermal Chemical and Electrical Properties * Amorphous, Poorly Ordered and Organized Polymeric Materials * Langmuir-Blodgett and Layer-by-Layer Structures * Multi-Component Polymer Systems and Fibers * Colloids and Microcapsules * Biomaterials and Biological Structures * Nanolithography with Intrusive AFM Tipand Dip-Pen Nanolithography * Microcantilever-Based Sensors