The focus of this book is the journey babies have made over the
past century. The rise of the middle class in America dictated
major changes in the ways babies were fed, cared for, and raised.
Social programs focused on improving water and sanitation programs
for all, which led directly to decreased infection among infants
and improved morbidity and mortality rates. Other programs also
focused attention on babies. Advances in medicine allowed infants
to be immunized against once-deadly and disabling diseases and to
survive congenital defects, premature birth, and infectious
disease. Physicians helped infertile couples conceive and carry a
baby to term. Prenatal care helped mothers give birth to a healthy
baby. Early intervention services gave infants an advantage as they
faced growing up in the modern era. Today, most American babies are
better off than they were in 1901. Overall they are bigger,
healthier, and much more likely to survive the first year. But
challenges remain. By reviewing the events of the past century,
Reedy hopes we can make even more of a difference in the lives of
American babies in the century to come. In 1900, most babies were
born at home. Infant mortality was high and most families could
expect to lose one or more of their babies within the first year of
life. A family was expected to have babies, and they were certainly
wanted in most situations, however, they did not generally receive
the attention they do today. In the early years of the 21st
century, the birth of a baby is a time of joy for most parents and
extended families. Birth occurs most often in a hospital delivery
room with the father and sometimes other family members present.
While the infant mortality rate in the United States still lags
behind many other developed countries, it has significantly
improved over the past century, and infant death is not a family
expectation. The main focus of this book is the journey babies have
made over the past century. The rise of the middle class in America
dictated major changes in the ways babies were fed, cared for, and
raised. No longer a financial necessity as in an agrarian society,
babies became a symbol of middle class prosperity and parents
basked in the reflected glow. Social programs, authorized and
regulated by federal and state government, became a reality.
Progressive Era reformers focused on improving water and sanitation
programs for all, which led directly to decreased infection among
infants and improved the dismal morbidity and mortality rates
prevalent among all social classes. Other programs, such as the
Shepard-Towner Act, the Social Security Act, and Lyndon Johnson's
Great Society initiatives also focused attention on babies.
Advances in medicine allowed infants to be immunized against
once-deadly and disabling diseases and to survive congenital
defects, premature birth, and infectious disease. Physicians
discovered the means to help infertile couples conceive and carry a
baby to term. Prenatal care helped mothers prepare for the birth of
a healthy baby. Early intervention services by educators, social
workers, and others gave infants an advantage as they faced growing
up in the modern era. At the beginning of the 21st century, most
American babies are better off than they were in 1901. Overall they
are bigger, healthier, and much more likely to survive the first
year. But challenges remain. By reviewing the events of the past
century, Reedy hopes we can make even more of a difference in the
lives of American babies in the century to come.
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