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Equality of Educational Opportunity and Knowledgeable Human Capital - From the Cold War and Sputnik to the Global Economy and No Child Left Behind (Hardcover, New)
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Equality of Educational Opportunity and Knowledgeable Human Capital - From the Cold War and Sputnik to the Global Economy and No Child Left Behind (Hardcover, New)
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This work explores how the generally accepted definition or measure
of equality of educational opportunity at the beginning of the
twenty-first century differs from what it was in the immediate
postwar era. While there have been differing definitions or
measures of equality of educational opportunity, there has been a
continual call from education critics and education reformers for
more and better mathematics, science, and foreign language in the
nation's schools. This work maintains that public education
acquired significance as a vital part of a national agenda in
conjunction with three developments. First, the prosperity of the
United States after World War II contributed to a consumer
dominated culture and the phenomenon of the citizen-consumer. The
nation had to expand educational opportunities in response to the
increased birth rate in the postwar years and in response to the
increased qualifications that the workplace required for entry and
employment. Significantly, the nation had the resources to send its
children and youth to school for longer and longer periods of time.
Better-educated citizens soon took better jobs and they spent
paychecks buying everything from new technologies to new and bigger
houses and new and bigger cars. Increased household income allowed
young members of the family to attend and even complete high school
and increased the chance of affording the cost of attending
college. Second, by the end of World War II the globalization of
the international community was underway, and the United States'
position and role in the international community were clearly
challenged by the Soviet Union. As the United States found itself
in the Cold War, its national security required an ideological, a
military, and a technological strategy. Each of these strategies
ultimately depended on higher or post-secondary education, and that
had lasting implications for the nation's elementary and secondary
schools. The nation's engagement in the Cold War required
well-educated professionals to secure intelligence and to develop
effective propaganda. That engagement also required scientists,
mathematicians, and engineers to develop and to maintain the
technology the nation required for its defense and subsequently for
the space race with the Soviet Union. Third and perhaps most
importantly, it was becoming increasingly clear in the Cold War Era
that the nation would have to address its long history of denying
civil rights to some of its citizens, especially but not
exclusively, African Americans. As the Supreme Court's 1954 Brown
decision signified, public education was the initial venue where
the struggle for racial equality took place.
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