The familiar industrialisation of northern England and less
familiar de-industrialisation of the south are shown to have
depended on a common process. Neither rise nor decline resulted
from differences in natural resource endowments, since they began
before the use of coal and steam in manufacturing. Instead,
political certainty, competitive ideology and Enlightenment
optimism encouraged investment in transport and communications.
This integrated the national market, intensifying competition
between regions and altering economic distributions. Despite a
dysfunctional landed system, agricultural innovation meant that the
south's comparative advantage shifted towards the farm sector.
Meanwhile its manufactures slowly declined. Once industry clustered
in the less-benign northern environment, technological changes in
manufacturing accumulated there.
This book portrays the Industrial Revolution as deriving from
economic competition within unique political arrangements.
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