Born out of the need to recover, analyze, and present physical
evidence on thousands of individual victims of large-scale human
rights violations, multi-national, multi-disciplinary forensic
teams developed a sophisticated system for the examination of human
remains and set a precedent for future investigations. Codifying
this process, Skeletal Trauma: Identification of Injuries Resulting
from Human Rights Abuse and Armed Conflict describes an
epidemiological framework for collecting, analyzing, and
interpreting evidence for use at trial. It pieces together
fragments of skeletal tissue and associated physical evidence to
determine a mechanism of trauma that is factually based,
methodologically scripted, and scientifically interpreted.
Providing a contextual background, the opening chapter discusses
international forensic investigations into Human Rights violations
through international tribunals and other emerging judicial
systems. The second chapter presents protocols for systemic data
collection and methods for the differential diagnosis of wounds to
classify and interpret mechanisms of injury. Organized topically,
the remaining chapters evaluate blasting injuries, blunt force
trauma, skeletal evidence of torture, sharp force trauma, and
gunfire injuries. Each chapter discusses wounding mechanisms, wound
pathophysiology, relevant legal examples, and case studies.
Twenty-six leading scholars and practitioners from anthropology,
pathology, and forensics contribute their research, cases,
photographs, and extensive fieldwork experience to provide 16
representative case studies. Taken from human rights violations,
ethnic and armed conflict, and extra-judicial executions throughout
the Americas, Europe, and Asia, all evidence in the examples is
interpreted through an epidemiological model and set in a legal
framework. Several of the exemplary studies, including those from
the Balkans, have already been presented as evidence in criminal
trials.
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