The main impact of the May 1998 nuclear tests of India and
Pakistan was not on the nuclear non-proliferation regime, Peimani
asserts, but on the structure of the international system. The
tests could not encourage massive nuclear proliferation as many
natural factors prevent such a scenario, but they surely
contributed to the weakening of the mainly American-dominated
international system.
The failure of nuclear India and Pakistan to achieve their
objectives has increased their dissatisfaction with a system which
they see as discriminating against them on the grounds of their
insignificant nuclear arsenals and their severe underdevelopment.
Given their limited resources, their attempts to deal with these
problems in the near future and, in particular to develop credible
arsenals, would be self-exhausting and not feasible. Their failure
has turned them into dissatisfied regional powers who are being
pushed toward forming alliances with their long-time friends,
Russia and China, respectively. Each has strong reasons for
dissatisfaction with the American system, which is marginalizing
them. Their concerns about common enemies and threats as well as
their economic and political needs are pushing these states toward
the formation of tacit or official alliances. Decades of friendship
and extensive ties make them natural allies and encourage the
formation of an alliance between India and Russia on the one side,
and China and Pakistan on the other. By creating strong regional
poles, these predictably hostile alliances will contribute to the
weakening of the international system and the consolidation of a
rising multipolarity. Scholars, students, and researchers involved
with foreign policy, American-Indian and American-Pakistani
relations, and international military-political relations will find
this analysis of particular interest.
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