At the start of the 21st century manufacturing is in the midst of a
major transformation, with goods moving from factories in Sao
Paulo, Ho Chi Minh and Guanzhou to the shelves of stores in New
York, Hamburg and Sydney. As production of goods has become
increasingly global, with an impact on workers and societies around
the world, the ILO has sought to answer the challenging question:
how best to implement voluntary corporate initiatives in value
chains that stretch around the globe from a constantly changing
supply base of factories both large and small? In order to address
growing pressures from stakeholders, a number of global companies
have adopted codes of conduct with the aim of influencing the
practices of their suppliers in less-developed countries and
providing a baseline of expected standards. Typically, codes of
conduct draw on international labour standards, setting guidelines
on a range of issues, including child labour, forced labour, wages
and benefits, working hours, disciplinary practices, the right to
freedom of association, health and safety, and environmental
practices. Notwithstanding the array of initiatives that has
emerged, anecdotal evidence suggests that, in many cases, managers
both at the company and supplier level have struggled and continue
to struggle with the issue of how to implement their codes of
conduct. Based on interviews with hundreds of managers, activists,
government officials, factory workers and workers' representatives,
Implementing Codes of Conduct represents the most extensive
research conducted to date into the emerging nature of corporate
social responsibility and global supply chains. Its objective is to
provide useful examples and lessons learned to companies,
policy-makers and others interested in implementing their own code
of conduct or who are actively involved in this field. This book
has broad implications for firms that are serious about seeing the
social and environmental objectives expressed in their corporate
codes become a reality at the supplier level - implications that
stretch from the boardroom to the factory floor. The book presents
a model that maps a route from the creation of a vision to its
implementation at the operational level. Based on research
conducted in the sports footwear, apparel and retail sectors, this
book provides a detailed account of the approaches currently used
by leading brands and retailers and practical suggestions for other
companies to follow in addressing social pressures. Given an
increasingly clear link between corporate social responsibility and
profits, this book serves as an invaluable tool in assisting those
interested in balancing the complex demands of society and
competitive concerns.
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