The Franciscan letters and related documents, translated into
English and published here for the first time, describe in detail
the Pueblo Indian revolt of 1696 in New Mexico and the destruction
of the Franciscan missions. The events are related by the
missionaries themselves as they lived side by side with their
Indian charges. The suppression of the revolt by the Spaniards, and
the reestablishment of the missions, was a turning point in the
history of the Southwest. The New Mexican colony had been founded
and settled in 1598 and had endured until 1680, when an earlier
Pueblo Indian revolt had forced the Spaniards co retreat south co
El Paso. In 1692, Governor Diego de Vargas led a military
expedition into New Mexico that met virtually no resistance,
convincing him that he could return and reconquer and resettle the
region for Spain. In 1693, after a bloody battle at Santa Fe, the
Spanish colony was reestablished in the midst of the concentration
of Indian pueblos along the upper Rio Grande. It was then that
hostile Pueblo Indian leaders, recalling their victory in 1680,
secretly plotted the revolt that cook place in 1696. J. Manuel
Espinosa has written a superb introduction placing the Pueblo
Indian revolt of 1696 in historical perspective and presenting the
important events recorded in the documents that constitute the
major part of the book. The letters and writs, by mission friars
and Spanish military authorities, reveal the agonizing decisions
that the colony of priests, soldiers, and farmers faced in meeting
the challenge of undaunted Indian leaders. The documents also
contain information on the pueblos and Indian life not found in any
other source. This book presents a remarkable view, from the
Spaniards' perspective, of the clash of cultures in the pueblos, as
well as insights into the causes and results of the Pueblo revolt.
The documents contribute greatly to our knowledge of events in
northern New Spain that proved very significant in the development
of the region. No other work deals in such detail with this period
in New Mexico history or provides such broad documentary coverage.
J. Manuel Espinosa studied folklore at Stanford University under
his father, and received his Ph.D. from the University of
California, Berkeley, in 1934, where he studies southwestern
history under Herbert E. Bolton. He is the editor of The Pueblo
Indian Revolt of 1696 and the Franciscan Missions in New Mexico:
Letters of the Missionaries and Related Documents, also published
by the University of Oklahoma Press. "The first translation of the
Franciscan letters and other documents related to the Pueblo revolt
of 1696, this collection is a major contribution to the history of
northern New Spain. Nearly 100 documents have been translated from
copies of the originals....They provide an informative and dramatic
portrait of the conflict between Franciscan missionary zeal and the
Pueblo holy men, who fought a losing battle to preserve their
traditional way of life. The professional quality of the
translations is matched by an incisive historical introduction to
the documents. No serious student of the Spanish invasion of the
American southwest can afford to ignore this major contribution to
the understanding of the 'Rim of Christendom.'" - Choice. "Although
only nine of the ninety-four selections deal directly with the
revolt, all demonstrate well the volatile atmosphere of
late-seventeenth century New Mexico. We see a human side of the
Franciscans in their mistrust and fear of the Indians and in their
continual appeals to Governor Vargas for military support. This is
a valuable documentary collection." - Western Historical Quarterly.
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