This publication concerns (a) immediate settlements, (b) long-term
settlements, (c) rate of settlement, (d) criteria for tolerable
settlement, (e) methods of reducing or accelerating settlements for
saturated fine-grained soils and (f) methods for controlling and/or
estimating heave in swelling soils. Procedures given are for
fine-grained compressible soils as well as for coarse-grained
soils. The settlement of saturated cohesive soil consists of the
sum of three components; (1) immediate settlement occurring as the
load is applied, (2) consolidation settlement occurring gradually
as excess pore pressures generated by loads are dissipated, and (3)
secondary compression essentially controlled by the composition and
structure of the soil skeleton. The settlement of coarse-grained
granular soils subjected to foundation loads occurs primarily from
the compression of the soil skeleton due to rearrangement of
particles. The permeability of coarse-grained soil is large enough
to justify the assumption of immediate excess pore pressure
dissipation upon application of load. Settlement of coarse-grained
soil can also be induced by vibratory ground motion due to
earthquakes, blasting or machinery, or by soaking and submergence.
General
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