Construction methods for civil engineering second edition is written for tertiary students who are studying towards a National Diploma or bachelor's degree in civil engineering. It introduces the fundamental concepts related to various forms of construction and is essential for anyone looking to gain a firm grounding in construction methods within the field of civil engineering in general. Construction methods for civil engineering second edition bridges the gap between school and university by explaining, in plain language, the fundamentals of civil engineering through practical examples and everyday concepts. This edition has been fully revised. It has in-depth explanations of various civil engineering concepts and acknowledges the major shift of focus towards Expanded public works programmes and employment creation. Furthermore, it encourages students to access virtual information through recommended websites and other sources of information. Civil engineering concepts are related to situations encountered in the field to enhance understanding of these concepts.

Advances in Structural Adhesive Bonding, Second Edition reviews developments in adhesive bonding for a range of advanced structural engineering applications. This new edition has been fully revised to include the latest advances in materials, testing and modeling methods, lifecycle considerations, and industrial implementation. Sections review advances in commonly used groups of structural adhesives, covering epoxy, acrylic, anaerobic and cyanoacrylate, polyurethane, and silicone adhesives, along with toughening. Other chapters cover various types of adherends and pre-treatment methods for structural materials, including metals, plastics, composites, wood and joint design and testing, including topics such as fracture mechanics, life prediction techniques, and advanced testing methods. This is a valuable guide for all those working with structural adhesives, including those in an industrial setting, adhesive specialists, structural engineers, design engineers, R&D professionals, and scientists, as well as academic researchers and advanced students in adhesives, joining technology, materials science and mechanical engineering.

Commercial Ship Surveying: On/Off Hire Condition Surveys and Bunker Surveys provides guidance on the complete survey process, what should be done to prepare, and what constitutes good practice, all completely detailed so that the process can be executed quickly and efficiently. In addition to the surveying process, the book describes supplementary topics, such as the vessels likely encountered, the gear and rigging involved, and the special techniques necessary. The book is well-researched, with plenty of practical examples and photographic references, explaining not only what is expected to happen during surveys, but also how marine surveyors and ships' officers are expected to perform, if, and when, they become involved with this work. Dedicated to detail, this book ensures that the reader clearly understands each step of the surveying process.

Biocorrosion refers to corrosion influenced by bacteria adhering to surfaces in biofilms. Biocorrosion is a major problem in areas such as cooling systems and marine structures where biofilms can develop. This book summarises key recent research in this subject. Part one looks at theories of biocorrosion and measurement techniques. Part two discusses how bacteria and biofilms result in biocorrosion. The final part of the book includes case studies of biocorrosion in areas as diverse as buildings, fuels, marine environments and cooling systems.

The civil engineering sector accounts for a significant percentage of global material and energy consumption and is a major contributor of waste material. The ability to recycle and reuse concrete and demolition waste is critical to reducing environmental impacts in meeting national, regional and global environmental targets. Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste summarises key recent research in achieving these goals.
Part one considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants and the economics of managing construction and demolition waste. Part two reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste. It begins with a comparison between conventional demolition and construction techniques before going on to discuss the preparation, refinement and quality control of concrete aggregates produced from waste. It concludes by assessing the mechanical properties, strength and durability of concrete made using recycled aggregates. Part three includes examples of the use of recycled aggregates in applications such as roads, pavements, high-performance concrete and alkali-activated or geopolymer cements. Finally, the book discusses environmental and safety issues such as the removal of gypsum, asbestos and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) concrete, as well as life-cycle analysis of concrete with recycled aggregates.
Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste is a standard reference for all those involved in the civil engineering sector, as well as academic researchers in the field.
Summarises key recent research in recycling and reusing concrete and demolition waste to reduce environmental impacts and meet national, regional and global environmental targetsConsiders techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plantsReviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste

The response of concrete under tensile loading is crucial for most applications because concrete is much weaker in tension than in compression. Understanding the response mechanisms of concrete under tensile conditions is therefore key to understanding and using concrete in structural applications. Understanding the tensile properties of concrete summarises key recent research in this important subject.
After an introduction to concrete, the book is divided into two parts: part one on static response and part two on dynamic response. Part one starts with a summary chapter on the most important parameters that affect the tensile response of concrete. Chapters show how multi scale modelling is used to relate concrete composition to tensile properties. Part two focuses on dynamic response and starts with an introduction to the different regimes of dynamic loading, ranging from the low frequency loading by wind or earthquakes up to the extreme dynamic conditions due to explosions and ballistic impacts. Following chapters review dynamic testing techniques and devices that deal with the various regimes of dynamic loading. Later chapters highlight the dynamic behaviour of concrete from different viewpoints, and the book ends with a chapter on practical examples of how detailed knowledge on tensile properties is used by engineers in structural applications.
Drawing on the work of some of the leading experts in the field, Understanding the tensile properties of concrete is a valuable reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those researching this important material.
Summarises key recent research in the areas of understanding the response mechanisms of concrete under tensile conditionsProvides a summary of the most important parameters that affect the tensile response of concrete and shows how multi scale modeling is used to relate concrete composition to tensile propertiesHighlights the dynamic behaviour of concrete from different viewpoints and provides practical examples of how detailed knowledge on tensile properties is used by engineers in structural applications

Based on real people and events, Rivet Boy blends fact and fiction to tell the story of one boy's role in the building of the iconic Forth Rail Bridge-Scotland's greatest man-made wonder-in 1889. When 12-year-old John Nicol gets a job at the Forth Bridge construction site, he knows it's dangerous. Four boys have already fallen from the bridge into the Forth below. But John has no choice-with his father gone, he must provide an income for his family-even if he is terrified of heights. John finds comfort in the new Carnegie library, his friend Cora and his squirrel companion, Rusty. But when he is sent to work in Cain Murdoch's Rivet Gang, John must find the courage to climb, to face his fears, and to stand up to his evil boss.

Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's Advanced Concrete Technology Course, these four volumes are a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique series. Each volume deals with a different aspect of the subject: constituent materials, properties, processes and testing and quality. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the books will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.

* Expert international authorship ensures the series is authoritative
* Case studies and worked examples help the reader apply their knowledge to practice
* Comprehensive coverage of the subject gives the reader all the necessary reference material

Based on the Institute of Concrete Technology's Advanced Concrete Technology Course, these four volumes are a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia and industry has been brought together to produce this unique series. Each volume deals with a different aspect of the subject: constituent materials, properties, processes and testing and quality. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the books will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.

* Expert international authorship ensures the series is authoritative
* Case studies and worked examples help the reader apply their knowledge to practice
* Comprehensive coverage of the subject gives the reader all the necessary reference material

BBased on the Institute of Concrete Technology's advanced course, the Advanced Concrete Technology series is a comprehensive educational and reference resource for the concrete materials technologist. An expert international team of authors from research, academia, and industry have come together to produce this unique reference source.
This first volume deals with the constituent materials of concrete. With worked examples, case studies and illustrations throughout, the book will be a key reference for the concrete specialist for years to come.
* Expert international authorship ensures the series is authoritative
* Case studies and worked examples help the reader apply their knowledge to practice
* Comprehensive coverage of the subject gives the reader all the necessary reference material

The word tensegrity results from the contraction of tensional and integrity, a word created by Richard Buckminster Fuller. He went on to describe tensegrity structures as islands of compression in an ocean of tension, and Rene Motro has developed a comprehensive definition which is systems in a stable self equilibriated system comprising a discontinuous set of compressed components inside a continuum of tensioned components .
This publication represents the life work of a leading exponent of a revolutionary and exciting method of structural design.
* Represents the life work of a leading exponent of a revolutionary and exciting method of structural design
* Applicable to architecture as an established structural system, can also be applied to other fields
* Design professionals will be able to design better structures. Interested non-professionals will experience the great pleasure of being able to say "I understand why the Hisshorn tower stands up"

Engineering Rock Mechanics Part II: Illustrative Worked Examples can be used as an independent book or alternatively it complements an earlier publication called Engineering Rock Mechanics: An Introduction to the Principles by the same authors.
It contains illustrative worked examples of engineering rock mechanics in action as the subject applies to civil, mining, petroleum and environmental engineering. The book covers the necessary understanding and the key techniques supporting the rock engineering design of structural foundations, dams, rock slopes, wellbores, tunnels, caverns, hydroelectric schemes and mines. There is a question and worked answer presentation with the question and answer sets collated into twenty chapters which match the subject matter of the first book.

This book contains 15 fully peer-reviewed Invited Papers which were presented at the 13th Biennial European Conference on Fracture and is a companion to the CD-ROM http: //www.elsevier.com/locate/isbn/008043701xProceedings.
The organisers of the ECF 13 opted from the very beginning for an application-orientated conference, and consequently, this book contributes to the understanding of fracture phenomena, and disseminates fracture concepts and their application to the solution of engineering problems to practitioners in a wide range of fields.
The fields covered in this book can be broadly classified into: elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, fracture dynamics, fatigue and interactive processes, failure, structural integrity, coatings and materials, with applications to the following industrial sectors: transport, aerospace engineering, civil engineering, pipelines and automotive engineering.

Introduction to Engineering Design is a completely novel text covering the basic elements of engineering design for structural integrity. Some of the most important concepts that students must grasp are those relating to 'design thinking' and reasoning, and not just those that relate to simple theoretical and analytical approaches. This is what will enable them to get to grips with *practical* design problems, and the starting point is thinking about problems in a 'deconstructionist' sense.
By analysing design problems as sophisticated systems made up of simpler constituents, and evolving a solution from known experience of such building blocks, it is possible to develop an approach that will enable the student to tackle even completely alien design scenarios with confidence. The other essential aspect of the design process - the concept of failure, and its avoidance - is also examined in detail, and the importance not only of contemplating expected failure conditions at the design stage but also checking those conditions as they apply to the completed design is stressed.
These facets in combination offer a systematic method of considering the design process and one that will undoubtedly find favour with many students, teaching staff and practising engineers alike.

With the gradual development of rules for designing against instability the idea emerged, in London, in 1974 to hold an International Colloquium treating every aspect of structural instability of steel structures.
There have been 17 International Colloquia Stability Sessions around the world, starting with the first one in Paris in 1972, until with the last one in Nagoya in 1997. In Nagoya it was decided to continue the series of travelling colloquia by launching the Sixth Colloquium in September 1999 with the First Session to be held at the "Politehnica" University of Timişoara, Romania, which will be followed by another in the year 2000 at the Gediminas Technical University in Vilnius, Lithuania, a third one during SSRC's Year 2000 Annual Meeting in the US, and a fourth one in Australia or New Zealand.
At present important research projects are in progress around the world, like SAC Joint Venture Project in USA, INCO-COPERNICUS "RECOS" in Europe and others, which are devoted to improve and develop new methods for the safety design of steel structures in seismic zones. Special attention is paid in Europe, USA and Japan to improve the design codes and detailing of seismic resistant steel structures.
This was the reason to organise the Session of Nagoya as "Stability and Ductility of Steel Structures" Colloquium. Romania is also a strong seismic territory and therefore, the topic of the Timişoara Session covered both stability and ductility problems. The technical programme of the SDSS'99 Colloquium in Timişoara has been split into nine working sessions.

The ESIS-Technical Committee 9 on Concrete was established in 1990 and has met seven times. A proposal was put to European and extra-European laboratories entitled "Scale effects and transitional failure phenomena of reinforced concrete beams in flexure" which lead to several positive responses.

The central topic discussed by the committee was that of the minimum reinforcement in concrete members. The minimum amount of reinforcement is defined as that for which "peak load at first concrete cracking" and "ultimate load after steel yielding" are equal. In this way, any brittle behaviour is avoided as well as any localized failure, if the member is not over-reinforced. In other words, there is a reinforcement percentage range, depending on the size-scale, within which the plastic limit analysis may be applied with its static and kinematic theorems.

Carpinteri, Ferro, Bosco and El-Katieb propose a LEFM model, according to which reinforcement reactions are applied directly on the crack surfaces and a compatibility condition is locally imposed on the crack opening displacement in correspondence with the reinforcement. The theoretical model is found to provide a satisfactory estimate of the minimum percentage of reinforcement that depends on the scale and enables the element in flexure to prevent brittle failure.

ICSAS '99 - The Fourth International Conference on Steel and Aluminium Structures was a sequel to ICSAS '87 held in Cardiff, UK, to ICSAS '91 held in Singapore and to ICSAS '95 held in Istanbul, Turkey. The objective of the conference was to provide a forum for the discussion of recent findings and developments in the design and construction of various types of steel and aluminium structures.

The conference was concerned with the analysis, modelling and design of light-weight or slender structures in which the primary material is structural steel, stainless or aluminium. The structural analysis papers presented at the conference cover both static and dynamic behaviour, instability behaviour and long-term behaviour under hygrothermal effects. The results of the latest research and development of some new structural products were also presented at the conference. A total of 76 papers and 30 posters were presented at the conference by participants from 36 countries in all 6 continents.

Over the last several years, the four authors have jointly conducted research into the analysis of vibrating Mindlin plates as a collaborative project between Nanyang Technological University, The National University of Singapore, and The University of Queensland. The research was prompted by the fact that there is a dearth of vibration results for Mindlin plates when compared to classical thin plate solutions. To generate the vibration results, the authors have successfully employed the Ritz method for general plate shapes and boundary conditions. The Ritz method, once thought to be awkward for general plate analysis, can be automated through suitable trial functions (for displacements) that satisfy the geometric plate boundary conditions "a priori." This work has been well-received by academics and researchers, as indicated by the continual requests for the authors' papers and the Ritz software codes. This monograph is written with the view to share this so-called "p"-Ritz method for the vibration analysis of Mindlin plates and its software codes with the research community. To the authors' knowledge, the monograph contains the first published Ritz plate software codes of its kind.

Thin-plated structures are used extensively in building construction, automobile, aircraft, shipbuilding and other industries because of a number of favourable factors such as high strength-weight ratio, development of new materials and processes and the availability of efficient analytical methods. This class of structure is made by joining thin plates together at their edges and they rely for their rigidity and strength upon the tremendous stiffness and load-carrying capacity of the flat plates from which they are made. Many of the problems encountered in these structures arise because of the effects of local buckling. The knowledge of various facets of this phenomenon has increased dramatically since the 1960s. Problem areas which were hitherto either too complex for rigorous analysis or whose subtleties were not fully realized have in these years been subjected to intensive study. Great advances have been made in the areas of inelastic buckling. The growth in use of lightweight strong materials, such as fibre-reinforced plastics has also been a contributory factor towards the need for advances in the knowledge of the far post-buckling range. The conference is a sequel to the international conference organised by the University of Strathclyde in December 1996 and this international gathering will provide the opportunity for discussion of recent developments and trends in design of thin-walled structures.

The near-field earthquake which struck the Hanshin-Awaji area of Japan before dawn on January 17, 1995, in addition to snatching away the lives of more than 6,000 people, inflicted horrendous damage on the region's infrastructure, including the transportation, communication and lifeline supply network and, of course, on buildings, too. A year earlier, the San Fernando Valley area of California had been hit by another near-field quake, the Northridge Earthquake, which dealt a similarly destructive blow to local infrastructures. Following these two disasters, structural engineers and researchers around the world have been working vigorously to develop methods of design for the kind of structure that is capable of withstanding not only the far-field tectonic earthquakes planned for hitherto, but also the full impact of near-field earthquake.
Of the observed types of earthquake damage to steel structures, there are some whose causes are well understood, but many others continue to present us with unresolved problems. To overcome these, it is now urgently necessary for specialists to come together and exchange information.
The contents of this volume are selected from the Nagoya Colloquium proceedings will become an important part of the world literature on structural stability and ductility, and will prove a driving force in the development of future stability and ductility related research and design.

Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XVII The importance of retaining the built cultural heritage cannot be overstated. Rapid development and inappropriate conservation techniques are threatening many heritage unique sites in different parts of the world. Selected papers presented at the 17th International Conference on Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture are included in this volume. They address a series of topics related to the historical aspects and the reuse of heritage buildings, as well as technical issues on the structural integrity of different types of buildings, such as those constructed with materials as varied as iron and steel, concrete, masonry, wood or earth. Restoration processes require the appropriate characterisation of those materials, the modes of construction and the structural behaviour of the building. This knowledge can be gained through a series of material characterisation techniques, preferably via non-destructive tests. Modern computer simulation can provide accurate results demonstrating the stress state of the building and possible failure mechanisms affecting its stability. Of particular importance are studies related to their dynamic and earthquake behaviour aiming to provide an assessment of the seismic vulnerability of heritage buildings. Contributions originate from scientists, architects, engineers and restoration experts from all over the world and deal with different aspects of heritage buildings, including how to formulate regulatory policies, to ensure effective ways of preserving the architectural heritage. Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures XIII Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures form this volume and cover basic and applied research in the various fields of earthquake engineering relevant to the design of structures. Major earthquakes and associated effects such as tsunamis continue to stress the need to carry out more research on those topics. The problems will intensify as population pressure results in buildings in regions of high seismic vulnerability. A better understanding of these phenomena is required to design earthquake resistant structures and to carry out risk assessments and vulnerability studies. The problem of protecting the built environment in earthquake-prone regions involves not only the optimal design and construction of new facilities but also the upgrading and rehabilitation of existing structures including heritage buildings. The type of highly specialized retrofitting employed to protect the built heritage is an important area of research. The included papers cover such topics as Seismic hazard and tsunamis; Building performance during earthquakes; Structural vulnerability; Seismic isolation and energy dissipation; Passive earthquake protection systems.

Composite materials have been used more and more during the last decade to lighten structures. But until now, there has been no clear way of establishing how to design properly optimised laminated composite plates with no reduction in strength. Most modern references lack adequate information for the designer wanting to tailor or synthesise a design. This exciting package offers a solution. It relates the theory of composite materials to real life and provides 'rules' for designing composites structures properly and in an optimum way.
In the book, Professor Miravete demonstrates the optimisation of beams, plates and sandwich constructions in the designs of advanced composite materials. He also illustrates optimal material systems, fibre orientations and lay-up through functions of geometry, load type and boundary conditions. The associates software, on two disks, will enable
users to adapt the information to their own requirements and is very user-friendly with helpful manuals. This will be an essential package for designers and engineers in a wide range of areas, from aeronautics to automotive and
marine as well as general industry.
Chapter 1 provides a general background on composite materials.
Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 are concerned with constant thickness composite structures, and provide a survey of various design methodologies of shells, plates and sandwich constructions.
Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 examine variable thickness composite structures, and consider beams, plates and sandwiches.
A completemanual for anyone concerned with designing composite structuresIncludes book and used-friendly softwareCan be easily applied to any area - aeronautics, automotive, marine or general industry

Bridging the gap between theoretical texts and the massive and expensive software packages, this handbook covers finite element programming in a wide range of problems in mechanical, civil, aeronautical and electrical engineering. Comprehensive, it ranges from the static analysis of two- and three-dimensional structures to stress analysis of thick slabs on elastic foundations, and from two- and three- dimensional vibration analysis problems to two-dimensional field problems including heat transfer and acoustic vibrations.
The 24 printouts of powerful and valuable engineering computer programs, written in QUICK BASIC, are introduced by a preliminary chapter giving useful hints and formulae intended for structural design. The programs are capable of analysing problems in engineering design and manufacture, with text fully describing how to use the computer programs for their particular problems or tasks. The finite element method is used in all the programs, and the problems for analysis can be of quite complex design and shape and with complex boundary conditions.
Covers finite element programming in a wide range of problems in mechanical, civil, aeronautical and electrical engineeringRanges from the static analysis of two- and three-dimensional structures to stress analysis of thick slabs on elastic foundations

This second edition of Reese and Van Impe's book has been extensively revised to be compatible in the classroom setting. New features include homework problems with solution aides presented by the student version of the software as well as new case studies and updated existing case studies that agree with modern methods of characterizing soil properties. The thrust of the book is a detailed presentation of methods of analysis for single piles and groups of piles under lateral loading. The method makes use of load-transfer functions that are based heavily on testing results of full-scale, heavily instrumented piles under carefully controlled lateral loading, coupled with the use of soil-structured interaction mechanics. This method is validated by comparing the results from the method of analysis with experimental results from case studies of un-instrumented piles. The book specifically addresses the analysis of piles of varying stiffness installed into soils with a variety of characteristics, accounting for the axial load at the top of the pile and for the rotational restraint of the pile head, possibly nonlinear, offered by the connection to the superstructure. The text provides example designs as well as the design of pile foundations that support an offshore platform. The book also includes references to a rich body of technical material, including citations of hundreds of relevant publications. The user may find the material on pile groups under lateral loading to be particularly helpful. The method begins with the loading at the foundation origin and makes use of nonlinear pile-head functions for the lateral load, the axial load, and the moment, taking pile-soil-pile interaction into account. For two-dimensional cases, the rotation and displacement of the foundation origin is computed to achieve equilibrium, and the resulting pile-head loading may be computed. Results for different loadings can also be readily calculated to seek t