- Presents a new geometric method of structural analysis - Offers new, geometric and visually engaging Muller-Breslau Method tools - An essential resource for architecture and engineering students and instructors that is novel and geometric - Includes over 300 black and white illustrations - Includes open-ended, three dimensional student exercises throughout

Embankment construction projects on very soft soil often give rise to serious problems. This volume on geotechnics and soft soil engineering therefore treats all phases of the design and construction process exhaustively, from the first investigation step to the monitoring of constructed work. The book presents the development concepts necessary for the project stages and discusses in great detail construction methods, displacement estimations, stability analyses, monitoring, and various other aspects involved. Extensive attention is furthermore paid to the application of geosynthetics as a tool to improve the stability of soft soils and embankments. Including various tables and practical data for many geographical areas in the world, this reference volume is essential reading for engineers and researchers in geotechnical engineering, construction, and related disciplines.

Hard Guidance on Preventing Disproportionate Collapse Disproportionate collapse is a pressing issue in current design practice. Numerous causes are possible - especially forms of extreme loading, such as blast, fire, earthquake, or vehicle collisions. But it is the mechanism and its prevention which are of especial interest and concern. After the World Trade Center collapse in 2001, interest was sparked, and it is now imperative for a design engineer to have sufficient knowledge on both the analysis and design against disproportionate collapse. Detailed structural design guidance for preventing this has been developed in Europe and the US - such as BS5950 in the UK, and guidance from the Department of Defense and the General Services Administration in the US. However, Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse is the first systematic text in the market to help design engineers or structural engineering students to properly understand this guidance. Covers the design and analysis of a structure to prevent disproportionate collapse Provides an understanding of disproportionate collapse problems for different structures under different loads Contains detailed knowledge on the design and progressive collapse analysis of complex structures Incorporates ABAQUS (R), ETABS, SAP2000, and Highlights 3D Modeling Techniques As progressive collapse analysis is a distinctive and complicated procedure, it normally requires an ability to use a modern commercial finite element package, and Structural Analysis and Design to Prevent Disproportionate Collapse features a detailed introduction to the use of FE programs such as ABAQUS (R) in progressive collapse analysis. In addition, case studies are performed using 3D FE models based on various types of structures such as multi-storey buildings, long-span space structures, and bridges. These models replicate real collapse incidents and prestigious construction projects, such as progressive collapse analysis of the Twin Towers, structural fire analysis of World Trade Center 7, blast analysis of the Murrah Federal Building and progressive collapse analysis of the Millau Viaduct, which help designers to fully understand the failure mechanisms and effective mitigation methods in practice.

Earthquakes have always been a significant aspect of the design and safety of dams. This position paper deals with the seismic safety of large dams, based on experiences with large earthquakes in Japan (Tohoku earthquake, 2011, Richter magnitude 9.0), in China (Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Richter magnitude 8.0) and in Chile (Maule earthquake, 2010, Richter magnitude 8.8). It presents ways to prevent key aspects of large dam failure under severe seismic conditions with a focus on design instead of on earthquake prediction. This is done by considering the prevention of uncontrolled rapid release of water of a storage dam under full reservoir conditions in relation to expected seismic conditions. This position paper is composed by the Committee on Seismic Aspects of Dam Design of The International Committee of Large Dams. Les tremblements de terre ont toujours ete un aspect important de la conception et de la securite des barrages. Ce document de synthese traite de la securite sismique des grands barrages, en se fondant sur l'experience acquise lors de grands seismes au Japon (seisme de Tohoku, 2011, magnitude 9,0 sur l'echelle de Richter), en Chine (seisme de Wenchuan, 2008, magnitude 8,0 sur l'echelle de Richter) et au Chili (seisme de Maule, 2010, magnitude 8,8 sur l'echelle de Richter). Il presente des moyens de prevenir les aspects cles de la defaillance des grands barrages dans des conditions sismiques severes en mettant l'accent sur la conception plutot que sur la prevision des seismes. Pour ce faire, on examine la prevention d'une liberation rapide et incontrolee de l'eau d'un barrage de stockage dans des conditions de reservoir plein par rapport aux conditions sismiques prevues. Cet argumentaire est compose par le Comite sur les Aspects Sismiques des Projets de Barrages de la Commission Internationale des Grands Barrages.

This newly updated book offers a comprehensive introduction to the scope and nature of engineering work, taking a rigorous but common sense approach to the solution of engineering problems. The text follows the planning, modelling and design phases of engineering projects through to implementation or construction, explaining the conceptual framework for undertaking projects, and then providing a range of techniques and tools for solutions. It focuses on engineering design and problem solving, but also involves economic, environmental, social and ethical considerations. This third edition expands significantly on the economic evaluation of projects and also includes a new section on intractable problems and systems, involving a discussion of wicked problems and soft systems methodology as well as the approaches to software development. Further developments include an array of additional interest boxes, worked examples, problems and up-to date references. Case studies and real-world examples are used to illustrate the role of the engineer and especially the methods employed in engineering practice. The examples are drawn particularly from the fields of civil and environmental engineering, but the approaches and techniques are more widely applicable to other branches of engineering. The book is aimed at first-year engineering students, but contains material to suit more advanced undergraduates. It also functions as a professional handbook, covering some of the fundamentals of engineering planning and design in detail.

This manual presents procedures for performing advanced laboratory tests on fine-grained soils. It covers characterization tests, which determine soil composition and quantify the individual components of a soil, and behavioral tests, such as the Atterberg Limits tests that demonstrate how the fines fraction of a soil reacts when mixed with water and the Linear Shrinkage Test that demonstrates how much a soil shrinks. The material goes beyond traditional evaluation of basic soil behavior by presenting more advanced laboratory tests to characterize soil in more detail. These tests provide detailed compositional characteristics which identify subtle changes in conditions and vertical variations in the soil, and which help to explain unusual behavior. A unique compilation of information on key soil tests Combines characterization tests with behavior tests The book suits graduate students in geotechnical engineering, as well as practitioners and researchers.

This book is an introduction to numerical analysis in geomechanics and is intended for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate study of the mechanics of porous, jointed rocks and soils. Although familiarity with the concepts of stress, strain and so on is assumed, a review of the fundamentals of solid mechanics including concepts of physical laws, kinematics and material laws is presented in an appendix. Emphasis is on the popular finite element method but brief explanations of the boundary element method, the distinct element method (also known as the discrete element method) and discontinuous deformation analysis are included. Familiarity with a computer programming language such as Fortran, C++ or Python is not required, although programming excerpts in Fortran are presented at the end of some chapters. This work begins with an intuitive approach to interpolation over a triangular element and thus avoids making the simple complex by not doing energy minimization via a calculus of variations approach so often found in reference books on the finite element method. The presentation then proceeds to a principal of virtual work via the well-known divergence theorem to obtain element equilibrium and then global equilibrium, both expressed as stiffness equations relating force to displacement. Solution methods for the finite element approach including elimination and iteration methods are discussed. Hydro-mechanical coupling is described and extension of the finite element method to accommodate fluid flow in porous geological media is made. Example problems illustrate important concepts throughout the text. Additional problems for a 15-week course of study are presented in an appendix; solutions are given in another appendix.

This fully revised and updated edition of Construction Contracts: Questions and Answers includes 300 questions and incorporates 42 new judicial decisions, the JCT 2016 updates and the RIBA Building Contracts and Professional Services Contracts 2018 updates. Construction professionals of all kinds frequently need legal advice that is straightforward as well as authoritative and legally rigorous. Building on the success of previous editions, David Chappell continues to provide answers to real-world FAQs from his experience as consultant and Specialist Advisor to the RIBA. Questions range in content from extensions of time, liquidated damages and loss and/or expense to issues of practical completion, defects, valuation, certificates and payment, architects' instructions, adjudication and fees. Every question included has been asked of David Chappell during his career and his answers are authoritative but written as briefly and simply as possible. Legal language is avoided but legal cases are given to enable anyone interested to read more deeply into the reasoning behind the answers. This is not only a useful reference for architects, project managers, quantity surveyors and lawyers, but also a useful student resource to stimulate interesting discussions about real-world construction contract issues.

Covers the impact of Brexit on construction and public procurement Includes new developments in digital construction Renewed focus on ethics in the industry Up-to-date analysis of NRM1, 2 and 3 Latest practice guidance notes and government publications Post contract administration Includes a companion website with alternative approaches to taking off quantities using spreadsheets

A Powerful Tool for the Analysis and Design of Complex Structural Elements Finite-Element Modelling of Structural Concrete: Short-Term Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions presents a finite-element model of structural concrete under short-term loading, covering the whole range of short-term loading conditions, from static (monotonic and cyclic) to dynamic (seismic and impact) cases. Experimental data on the behavior of concrete at both the material and structural levels reveal the unavoidable development of triaxial stress conditions prior to failure which dictate the collapse and ductility of structural concrete members. Moreover, and in contrast with generally accepted tenets, it can be shown that the post-peak behavior of concrete as a material is realistically described by a complete and immediate loss of load-carrying capacity. Hence rational analysis and design of concrete components in accordance with the currently prevailing limit-state philosophy requires the use of triaxial material data consistent with the notion of a fully brittle material, and this approach is implemented in the book by outlining a finite-element method for the prediction of the strength, deformation, and cracking patterns of arbitrary structural concrete forms. Presents a Unified Approach to Structural Modeling Numerous examples are given that show both the unifying generality of this proposed approach and the reliability of the ensuing numerical procedure for which the sole input is the specified uniaxial cylinder compressive strength of concrete and the yield stress of the steel. This not only offers a better understanding of the phenomenology of structural concrete behavior but also illustrates, by means of suitable examples, the type of revision required for improving design methods in terms of both safety and economy. This book: Highlights the significance of valid experimental information on the behavior of concrete under triaxial stress conditions for interpreting structural behavior Describes the techniques used for obtaining valid test data and modeling concrete behavior Discusses the modeling of steel properties as well as the interaction between concrete and steel Presents numerical techniques for incorporating the material models into nonlinear finite-element analysis for the case of short-term static loading Provides numerical techniques adopted for extending the use of the numerical analysis scheme for the solution of dynamic problems Predicts the response of a wide range of structural-concrete configurations to seismic and impact excitations Using relevant case studies throughout, Finite-Element Modelling of Structural Concrete: Short-Term Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions focuses on the realistic modeling of structural concrete on the basis of existing and reliable material data and aids in the research and study of structural concrete and concrete materials.

This guidebook is a practical and essential tool providing everything necessary for structural design engineers to create detailed and accurate calculations. Basic information is provided for steel, concrete and geotechnical design in accordance with Australian and international standards. Detailed design items are also provided, especially relevant to the mining and oil and gas industries. Examples include pipe supports, lifting analysis and dynamic machine foundation design. Steel theory is presented with information on fabrication, transportation and costing, along with member, connection, and anchor design. Concrete design includes information on construction costs, as well as detailed calculations ranging from a simple beam design to the manual production of circular column interaction diagrams. For geotechnics, simple guidance is given on the manual production and code compliance of calculations for items such as pad footings, piles, retaining walls, and slabs. Each chapter also includes recommended drafting details to aid in the creation of design drawings. More generally, highly useful aids for design engineers include section calculations and force diagrams. Capacity tables cover real-world items such as various slab thicknesses with a range of reinforcing options, commonly used steel sections, and lifting lug capacities. Calculations are given for wind, seismic, vehicular, piping, and other loads. User guides are included for Space Gass and Strand7, including a non-linear analysis example for lifting lug design. Users are also directed to popular vendor catalogues to acquire commonly used items, such as steel sections, handrails, grating, grouts and lifting devices. This guidebook supports practicing engineers in the development of detailed designs and refinement of their engineering skill and knowledge.

Retrofitting of building structures, including maintenance, rehabilitation, and strengthening, is not only an important issue in urban construction and management, but also a frequent problem to structural engineers in property management disciplines. Based on the contributors' hands-on experience, Retrofitting Design of Building Structures covers structural retrofitting practices, the basic principles of structural analysis and design, and various innovatively-used structural codes for the design, assessment, and retrofitting of building structures using newly-developed technologies worldwide. Beginning with the procedure of structural retrofitting, this book gradually introduces the significance of structural retrofitting; the inspection methods for structural materials, structural deformation, and damages; retrofitting design methods and construction requirements of various structural systems; and practical examples of structural retrofitting design and construction. In the introduction of various examples, it emphasizes not only conceptual design, but also constructional procedure design, so that a structural retrofitting design work should be completed by both structural analysis and detailed constructional measures. The book provides a complete resource for experienced professionals as well as teachers and students.

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the design of foundations for tall buildings. After a general review of the characteristics of tall buildings, various foundation options are discussed followed by the general principles of foundation design as applied to tall buildings. Considerable attention is paid to the methods of assessment of the geotechnical design parameters, as this is a critical component of the design process. A detailed treatment is then given to foundation design for various conditions, including ultimate stability, serviceability, ground movements, dynamic loadings and seismic loadings. Basement wall design is also addressed. The last part of the book deals with pile load testing and foundation performance measurement, and finally, the description of a number of case histories. A feature of the book is the emphasis it places on the various stages of foundation design: preliminary, detailed and final, and the presentation of a number of relevant methods of design associated with each stage.

Establishes Geotechnical Reliability as Fundamentally Distinct from Structural Reliability Reliability-based design is relatively well established in structural design. Its use is less mature in geotechnical design, but there is a steady progression towards reliability-based design as seen in the inclusion of a new Annex D on "Reliability of Geotechnical Structures" in the third edition of ISO 2394. Reliability-based design can be viewed as a simplified form of risk-based design where different consequences of failure are implicitly covered by the adoption of different target reliability indices. Explicit risk management methodologies are required for large geotechnical systems where soil and loading conditions are too varied to be conveniently slotted into a few reliability classes (typically three) and an associated simple discrete tier of target reliability indices. Provides Realistic Practical Guidance Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering makes these reliability and risk methodologies more accessible to practitioners and researchers by presenting soil statistics which are necessary inputs, by explaining how calculations can be carried out using simple tools, and by presenting illustrative or actual examples showcasing the benefits and limitations of these methodologies.With contributions from a broad international group of authors, this text: Presents probabilistic models suited for soil parameters Provides easy-to-use Excel-based methods for reliability analysis Connects reliability analysis to design codes (including LRFD and Eurocode 7) Maximizes value of information using Bayesian updating Contains efficient reliability analysis methods Accessible To a Wide Audience Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering presents all the "need-to-know" information for a non-specialist to calculate and interpret the reliability index and risk of geotechnical structures in a realistic and robust way. It suits engineers, researchers, and students who are interested in the practical outcomes of reliability and risk analyses without going into the intricacies of the underlying mathematical theories.

Developments in Earthquake Engineering have focussed on the capacity and response of structures. They often overlook the importance of seismological knowledge to earthquake-proofing of design. It is not enough only to understand the anatomy of the structure, you must also appreciate the nature of the likely earthquake. Seismic design, as detailed in this book, is the bringing together of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology. It focuses on the seismological aspects of design - analyzing various types of earthquake and how they affect structures differently. Understanding the distinction between these earthquake types and their different impacts on buildings can make the difference between whether a building stands or falls, or at least to how much it costs to repair. Covering the basis and basics of the major international codes, this is the essential guide for professionals working on structures in earthquake zones around the world.

Rock falls can be a public safety issue. This book provides comprehensive information on identification of these hazards, and design and construction of protection methods. Rock Fall Engineering describes first, the theoretical background to rock fall behavior in terms of the impact and trajectory phases of rock falls, and second, how this information is applied to modeling of rock falls and the design of ditches, fences and sheds. The theory of rock fall behavior is verified by comparing the calculations with five carefully documented case studies.The book covers four main topics as follows: Describes causes of rock falls, including geology, climate and topography, and provides detailed documentation on rock fall impacts and trajectories at five sites with a wide variety of topographic and geologic features Discusses theory of impact mechanics, and its application to velocity and energy changes during impacts and trajectories Reviews methods of modeling rock fall events, and presents analyses for the five case studies Examines rock fall protection in terms of selecting appropriate method(s) for site conditions, and design principles in which the objective is to absorb impact energy in an efficient manner This book, which contains many worked examples, is of interest to practitioners and researchers working in the fields of geological engineering and natural hazards. Duncan C. Wyllie is a principal with Wyllie & Norrish Rock Engineers in Vancouver, Canada, and a registered professional engineer in British Columbia. He has worked on rock fall hazard projects involving the design and construction protection measures since the 1970s. He is the author of Foundations on Rock, Second Edition, and Rock Slope Engineering, Fourth Edition, both published by CRC Press.

Useful for both students on Quantity Surveying courses, but also professional as it is specially designed to address common financial and contractual issues encountered in building projects Contains real case study examples from the Hong Kong market Endorsed by the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors

Risk-based engineering is essential for the efficient asset management and safe operation of bridges. A risk-based asset management strategy couples risk management, standard work, reliability-based inspection and structural analysis, and condition-based maintenance to properly apply resources based on process criticality. This ensures that proper controls are put in place and reliability analysis is used to ensure continuous improvement. An effective risk-based management system includes an enterprise asset management or resource solution that properly catalogues asset attribute data, a functional hierarchy, criticality analysis, risk and failure analysis, control plans, reliability analysis and continuous improvement. Such efforts include periodic inspections, condition evaluations and prioritizing repairs accordingly. This book contains select papers that were presented at the 10th New York City Bridge Conference, held on August 26-27, 2019. The volume is a valuable contribution to the state-of-the-art in bridge engineering.

Post-earthquake fire is one of the most complicated problems resulting from earthquakes and presents a serious risk to urban structures. Most standards and codes ignore the possibility of post-earthquake fire; thus it is not factored in when determining the ability of buildings to withstand load. This book describes the effects of post-earthquake fire on partially damaged buildings located in seismic urban regions. The book quantifies the level of associated post-earthquake fire effects, and discusses methods for mitigating the risk at both the macro scale and micro scale. The macro scale strategies address urban regions while the micro scale strategies address building structures, covering both existing buildings and those that are yet to be designed.

The world of construction is intrinsically linked with that of finance, from the procurement and tendering stage of projects right through to valuation of buildings. In addition to this, things like administrations, liquidations, mergers, take-overs, buy-outs and floatations affect construction firms as they do all other companies. This book is a rare explanation of common construction management activities from a financial point of view. While the practical side of the industry is illustrated here with case studies, the authors also take the time to build up an understanding of balance sheets and P&L accounts before explaining how common tasks like estimating or valuation work from this perspective. Readers of this book will not only learn how to carry out the tasks of a construction cost manager, quantity surveyor or estimator, they will also understand the financial logic behind them, and the motivations that drive senior management. This is an essential book for students of quantity surveying or construction management, and all ambitious practitioners.

Life-cycle analysis is a systematic tool for efficient and effective service life management of deteriorating structures. In the last few decades, theoretical and practical approaches for life-cycle performance and cost analysis have been developed extensively due to increased demand on structural safety and service life extension. This book presents the state-of-the-art in life-cycle analysis and maintenance optimization for fatigue-sensitive structures. Both theoretical background and practical applications have been provided for academics, engineers and researchers. Concepts and approaches of life-cycle performance and cost analysis developed in recent decades are presented. The major topics covered include (a) probabilistic concepts of life-cycle performance and cost analysis, (b) inspection, monitoring and maintenance for fatigue cracks, (c) estimation of fatigue crack detection, (d) optimum inspection and monitoring planning, (e) multi-objective life-cycle optimization, and (f) decision making in life-cycle analysis. Life-cycle optimization covered in the book considers probability of fatigue crack detection, fatigue crack damage detection time, maintenance times, probability of failure, service life and total life-cycle cost. For the practical application and integration of recently developed approaches for inspection and maintenance planning, efficient and effective multi-objective optimization and decision making are presented. This book will help engineers engaged in civil and marine structures including students, researchers and practitioners with reliable and cost-effective maintenance planning of fatigue-sensitive structures, and to develop more advanced approaches and techniques in the field of life-cycle maintenance optimization and safety of structures under various aging and deteriorating conditions. Key Features: Provides the state-of-the-art in life-cycle cost analysis and optimization for fatigue-sensitive structures Provides a solid foundation of theoretical backgrounds and practical applications both for academics and practicing engineers and researchers Covers illustrative examples and recent development for optimum service life management Deals with various structures such as bridges and ships subjected to fatigue .

The fourth edition of this popular steel structures book contains references to both Eurocodes and British Standards. All the material has been updated where necessary, and new and revised worked examples are included. Sections on the meaning, the purpose and limits of structural design, sustainable steel building and energy saving have been updated. The initial chapters cover the essentials of structural engineering and structural steel design. The remainder of the book is dedicated to a detail examination of the analysis and design of selected types of structures, presenting complex designs in an understandable and user-friendly way. These structures include a range of single and multi-storey buildings, floor systems and wide-span buildings. Each design example is illustrated with applications based on current Eurocodes or British Standard design data, thus assisting the reader to share in the environment of the design process that normally takes place in practical offices and develop real design skills. Two new chapters on the design of cased steel columns and plate girders with and without rigid end posts to EC4 & EC3 are included too. References have been fully updated and include useful website addresses. Emphasis is placed on practical design with a view to helping undergraduate students and newly qualified engineers bridge the gap between academic study and work in the design office. Practising engineers who need a refresher course on up-to-dates methods of design and analysis to EC3 and EC4 will also find the book useful, and numerous worked examples are included.

This book uses actual construction projects as examples to elaborate the various technologies regarding groundwater control and air-tightness guarantees for the construction of large storage rock caverns in complicated geological conditions. It introduces the latest technologies to give hands-on experience of what to do in unexpected geological conditions, and provides insight into the design, construction and operation of underground facilities. The book is hence useful in feasibility studies, developments and other research into these underground facilities. Drawing on the experience gained from building Japan's largest LPG storage caves, Storage of LPG in Large Rock Caverns is a must-read for engineers, academics and students in the fields of rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering and related disciplines.

Soil nailing is an in situ soil reinforcement technique that can be used to enhance the stability of slopes, retaining walls, embankments, and excavations. It involves installation of closely spaced, relatively slender unstressed tension-carrying structural elements into the ground to stabilize the soil mass. These elements, which are called soil nails, comprise steel or other engineering materials such as fiber reinforced polymer. Soil nailing did not gain popularity until the 1970s when engineers started to realize that the technique could offer an effective, robust, and economical reinforcing system for a variety of ground conditions. More importantly, the track record has been excellent in that no major collapses have been reported in properly designed and well-constructed soil nailed structures so far. Considerable experience and knowledge of the technique have been gained in the past few decades through systematic technical development work comprising laboratory tests, numerical modeling, physical modeling, site trials and field monitoring covering design, and construction practices. Soil Nailing: A Practical Guide consolidates the experience and advances made in the development and use of the soil nailing technique and encourages a wider adoption of the technique by practitioners. The book is intended for use by postgraduate students, researchers, and practicing civil and geotechnical engineers, who wish to have a more in-depth and fundamental understanding of the theory and practice behind the technique. It presents the basic principles of the technique as well as state-of-the-art knowledge and recommended standard of good practice in respect of design, construction, monitoring, and maintenance of soil nailed structures.

Measurement of buildings is the core skill of the quantity surveyor. It underpins the procurement, management, delivery and subsequent commissioning of a completed building, and must now be completed using New Rules of Measurement 2 (NRM 2). In this much-needed new measurement textbook, the measurement of the most common building elements is described using NRM2. Extensive worked examples including fully up to date hand-drawn diagrams and supporting take-off lists ensure that the reader develops a confidence in their ability to measure using NRM2 in practice. A practical step-by-step approach is used to explain and interpret the detail of the specific Work Sections of NRM2, covering a broad range of different trades, including mechanical and electrical systems; external works; groundwork; masonry; joinery; and internal finishes. Presuming no prior knowledge of measurement or NRM2, and fully up to date with current practice, including consideration of Building Information Modelling, this is the ideal text for students of measurement at HND or BSc level, as well as practitioners needing a crash course in how to apply NRM2.