There is an increasing number of buildings that require informed decisions to be made about their continued safety and serviceability. Although social and economic issues are often all-important influences, the technical issues nevertheless need to be addressed objectively, efficiently and reliably. The aim of this book is to bring together those techniques which can be used effectively to monitor building structures.

Focusing on the fundamentals of structural dynamics required for earthquake blast resistant design, Structural Dynamics in Earthquake and Blast Resistant Design initiates a new approach of blending a little theory with a little practical design in order to bridge this unfriendly gap, thus making the book more structural engineer-friendly. This is attempted by introducing the equations of motion followed by free and forced vibrations of SDF and MDF systems, D'Alembert's principle, Duhammel's integral, relevant impulse, pulse and sinusoidal inputs, and, most importantly, support motion and triangular pulse input required in earthquake and blast resistant designs, respectively. Responses of multistorey buildings subjected to earthquake ground motion by a well-known mode superposition technique are explained. Examples of real-size structures as they are being designed and constructed using the popular ETABS and STAAD are shown. Problems encountered in such designs while following the relevant codes of practice like IS 1893 2016 due to architectural constraints are highlighted. A very difficult constraint is in avoiding torsional modes in fundamental and first three modes, the inability to get enough mass participation, and several others. In blast resistant design the constraint is to model the blast effects on basement storeys (below ground level). The problem is in obtaining the attenuation due to the soil. Examples of inelastic hysteretic systems where top soft storey plays an important role in expending the input energy, provided it is not below a stiffer storey (as also required by IS 1893 2016), and inelastic torsional response of structures asymmetric in plan are illustrated in great detail. In both cases the concept of ductility is explained in detail. Results of response spectrum analyses of tall buildings asymmetric in plan constructed in Bengaluru using ETABS are mentioned. Application of capacity spectrum is explained and illustrated using ETABS for a tall building. Research output of retrofitting techniques is mentioned. Response spectrum analysis using PYTHON is illustrated with the hope that it could be a less expensive approach as it is an open source code. A new approach of creating a fictitious (imaginary) boundary to obtain blast loads on below-ground structures devised by the author is presented with an example. Aimed at senior undergraduates and graduates in civil engineering, earthquake engineering and structural engineering, this book: Explains in a simple manner the fundamentals of structural dynamics pertaining to earthquake and blast resistant design Illustrates seismic resistant designs such as ductile design philosophy and limit state design with the use of capacity spectrum Discusses frequency domain analysis and Laplace transform approach in detail Explains solutions of building frames using software like ETABS and STAAD Covers numerical simulation using a well-known open source tool PYTHON

Relevant advances have been accomplished by the scientific community and engineering profession in the design, assessment, monitoring, maintenance, and management of sustainable and resilient bridge structures and infrastructures. These advances have been presented and discussed at The Sixth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety And Management (IABMAS 2012), held in Stresa, Italy, from 8 to 11 July 2012 (http://www.iabmas2012.org). IABMAS 2012 has been organised on behalf of the International Association for Bridge Maintenance And Safety (IABMAS) under the auspices of Politecnico di Milano. This book collects the extended versions of selected papers presented at IABMAS 2012 and invited papers originally published in a Special Issue of Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. These papers provide significant contributions to the process of making more rational decisions in bridge design, assessment, monitoring and maintenance. The editors would like to thank the authors for their contributions and hope that this collection of papers will represent a valuable reference for scientific research and engineering applications in the fields of design, assessment, monitoring, and maintenance of bridges and infrastructure networks.

Long span suspension bridges cost billions. In recent decades, structural health monitoring systems have been developed to measure the loading environment and responses of these bridges in order to assess serviceability and safety while tracking the symptoms of operational incidents and potential damage. This helps ensure the bridge functions properly during a long service life and guards against catastrophic failure under extreme events.

Although these systems have achieved some success, this cutting-edge technology involves many complex topics that present challenges to students, researchers, and engineers alike. Systematically introducing the fundamentals and outlining the advanced technologies for achieving effective long-term monitoring, Structural Health Monitoring of Long-Span Suspension Bridges covers:

• The design of structural health monitoring systems
• Finite element modelling and system identification
• Highway loading monitoring and effects
• Railway loading monitoring and effects
• Temperature monitoring and thermal behaviour
• Wind monitoring and effects
• Seismic monitoring and effects
• SHMS-based rating method for long span bridge inspection and maintenance
• Structural damage detection and test-bed establishment

These are applied in a rigorous case study, using more than ten years' worth of data, to the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong to examine their effectiveness in the operational performance of a real bridge. The Tsing Ma bridge is the world's longest suspension bridge to carry both a highway and railway, and is located in one of the world's most active typhoon regions. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, this is an ideal reference book for students, researchers, and engineering practitioners.

Nonlinear static monotonic (pushover) analysis has become a common practice in performance-based bridge seismic design. The popularity of pushover analysis is due to its ability to identify the failure modes and the design limit states of bridge piers and to provide the progressive collapse sequence of damaged bridges when subjected to major earthquakes. Seismic Design Aids for Nonlinear Pushover Analysis of Reinforced Concrete and Steel Bridges fills the need for a complete reference on pushover analysis for practicing engineers. This technical reference covers the pushover analysis of reinforced concrete and steel bridges with confined and unconfined concrete column members of either circular or rectangular cross sections as well as steel members of standard shapes. It provides step-by-step procedures for pushover analysis with various nonlinear member stiffness formulations, including: Finite segment-finite string (FSFS) Finite segment-moment curvature (FSMC) Axial load-moment interaction (PM) Constant moment ratio (CMR) Plastic hinge length (PHL) Ranging from the simplest to the most sophisticated, the methods are suitable for engineers with varying levels of experience in nonlinear structural analysis. The authors also provide a downloadable computer program, INSTRUCT (INelastic STRUCTural Analysis of Reinforced-Concrete and Steel Structures), that allows readers to perform their own pushover analyses. Numerous real-world examples demonstrate the accuracy of analytical prediction by comparing numerical results with full- or large-scale test results. A useful reference for researchers and engineers working in structural engineering, this book also offers an organized collection of nonlinear pushover analysis applications for students.

Analysis and design of geotechnical structures combines, in a single endeavor, a textbook to assist students in understanding the behavior of the main geotechnical works and a guide for practising geotechnical engineers, designers, and consultants. The subjects are treated in line with limit state design, which underpins the Eurocodes and most North America design codes. Instructors and students will value innovative approaches to numerous issues refined by the experience of the author in teaching generations of enthusiastic students. Professionals will gain from its comprehensive treatment of the topics covered in each chapter, supplemented by a plethora of informative material used by consultants and designers. For the benefit of both academics and professionals, conceptual exercises and practical geotechnical design problems are proposed at the end of most chapters. A final annex includes detailed resolutions of the exercises and problems.

This book brings together up to date information from research and practice about the interaction between moisture changes and mechanical loading, which may lead to excessive deflections or joint movements in timber structures. It has important applications in timber engineering, and consequences for national and international structural codes of practice.

Originally published by the Danish Standards Institute, this guide to the EN 1504 standards addresses the principles, methods, and the choice of repair materials and systems for the rehabilitation of damaged concrete structures. The standards not only provide a common set of values for the industry but also support the improvement of supply chain integration and specialist inputs in the early design stages of projects, where this can be most beneficial. The book gives practical guidelines to the main principles of the EN 1504 standards along with worked examples. It also gives concise explanatory notes to the annexes, which will help any building and construction professional fulfill the requirements for repairing concrete.

To obtain data about the stiffness and bearing capacity of a foundation pile, the Rapid Load Test could be an effective and economic alternative for a static load test. In order to judge this, the influence of rate effects in clay and pore water pressures in sand should first be understood. This book presents the latest developments in the research that is carried out to unravel these effects. It contains current contributions by world wide leading academics. Moreover the editors summarize the empirical field data and discuss advanced centrifuge modeling. This indispensable information source on the progress in Rapid Load Testing is intended for researchers and professionals working on the load testing of foundation piles.

This book is intended to clear any misconceptions about the responsibilities of the third surveyor and outlines the steps taken in choosing a professional for this role, as well as discussing who may carry it out.

Building Services Engineering: Smart and Sustainable Design for Health and Wellbeing covers the design practices of existing engineering building services and how these traditional methods integrate with newer, smarter developments. These new developments include areas such as smart ventilation, smart glazing systems, smart batteries, smart lighting, smart soundproofing, smart sensors and meters. Combined, these all amount to a healthier lifestyle for the people living within these indoor climates. With over one hundred fully worked examples and tutorial questions, Building Services Engineering: Smart and Sustainable Design for Health and Wellbeing encourages the reader to consider sustainable alternatives within their buildings in order to create a healthier environment for users.

The recent worldwide boom in industrial construction and the corresponding billions of dollars spent every year in industrial, oil, gas, and petrochemical and power generation project, has created fierce competition for these projects. Strong management and technical competence will bring your projects in on time and on budget. An in-depth exploration of both these aspects and the resulting challenges, Construction Management and Design of Industrial Concrete and Steel Structures provides a practical guide to the design of reinforced concrete and steel structures and foundations in industrial projects. Renowned expert Mohamed A. El-Reedy covers the entire industrial construction process, from project management to design and construction to sigh off and providing a maintenance plan. Highlighting the differences between industrial construction and real estate or residential construction, he examines every phase and every role, from managerial to technical. He includes cases from industrial projects and covers the international technical practices, codes, and standards used in steel or concrete onshore or offshore projects. The book provides up-to-date methodologies in structure analysis, geotechnical studies, and international special codes and standards for industrial structures such as tanks, foundation under towers, machines, and special structures in industrial projects. It also examines the safety and economic benefits of developing a structure integrity management system. When a project has a budget that seems as huge at the structure itself, the client, engineering firm, and contractor must work together to achieve success. Discussing the interface between these three main partners, this book outlines strategies for checking the design and controlling a project in all its phases.

This book describes the enormous depth of work carried out since the early 1970s on the Messina Strait Bridge, up to the recent award of the detailed design and construction contract. This important work has included extensive studies, concepts and design developments, with far reaching applications, which have all confirmed the feasibility of this huge endeavour and have led to the optimisation of costs and expected performance levels. Attention is focused not only on the design itself, but also on the context for the project (e.g. historical, geological, seismo-tectonic and wind conditions; structural and mechanical properties; project management and financial aspects; and environmental considerations), and on the great challenges involved. Thus, considering the innovations and specific solutions adopted in overcoming the challenges presented by constructing a world record span of 3,300 metres at this site, it becomes clear how the Messina Strait Crossing will take its place as a masterpiece in bridge engineering history. This book will be of interest to bridge and structural engineers, geotechnical and wind engineers, mechanical and earthquake engineers, graduate students in all these areas and all others with a broad interest in bridge design and engineering.

The focus of this book is on the PingPu peoples in Taiwan and their right to official recognition as "indigenous peoples" by the Taiwanese government. The result of centuries of colonization, indigenous tribes in Taiwan have faced severe cultural repression because of the government's refusal to accept ethnic, racial, and cultural diversity. The PingPu Status Recognition Movement is the result of a decade of activism by impassioned people seeking the right to self-determination, autonomy, and tribal legitimacy from the Han-Chinese-controlled Taiwanese government. This book examines, through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, field observations, and analysis of governmental and United Nations documents, the perspectives of those directly involved in the movement, as well as those affected by "indigenous" status recognition. Study of the PingPu Indigenous movement is vitally important as it publicly declares Taiwanese Indigenous population's humanity and collective rights and provides a more comprehensive analysis of identity-based movements as a fundamental form of collective human rights claims.

This book introduces practising engineers and post-graduate students to modern approaches to seismic design, with a particular focus on reinforced concrete structures, earthquake resistant design of new buildings and assessment, repair and strengthening of existing buildings.

Soilbags are usually incorporated into temporary structures, rather than being used in conventional construction, as they have a tendency to deteriorate rapidly on prolonged exposure to sunlight. The amazing bearing capacity of soilbags has, however, inspired the development of an earth reinforcement method in which the bearing capacity of soft foundations is enhanced, reaching ten per cent of that of concrete. New methods have seen their projected durability as a semi-permanent material extend to in excess of fifty years, provided that direct exposure to sunlight and ultra-violet rays is avoided. This book covers the development, properties and characteristics of soilbags, as well as design features of structures built by this method. The geotechnical applications in, for example, railway ballast foundation reinforcement, retaining walls and embankment constructions are extensively described and richly illustrated by reference to case studies from Japan. The intention is to stimulate a wider, international adoption of the method in earth reinforcement and civil engineering construction, with particular reference to developing countries. Geotechnical and foundation engineers and other professionals working on earth reinforcement will find this a valuable work, while it will provide supplementary information to graduate students in soil mechanics and foundation engineering.

The concept of effective stress and the effective stress equation is fundamental for establishing the theory of strength and the relationship of stress and strain in soil mechanics and poromechanics. However, up till now, the physical meaning of effective stress has not been explained clearly, and the theoretical basis of the effective stress equation has not been proposed. Researchers have not yet reached a common understanding of the feasibility of the concept of effective stress and effective stress equation for unsaturated soils. Effective Stress and Equilibrium Equation for Soil Mechanics discusses the definition of the soil skeleton at first and clarifies that the soil skeleton should include a fraction of pore water. When a free body of soil skeleton is taken to conduct internal force analysis, the stress on the surface of the free body has two parts: one is induced by pore fluid pressure that only includes normal stress; the other is produced by all the other external forces excluding pore fluid pressure. If the effective stress is defined as the soil skeleton stress due to all the external forces excluding pore fluid pressure, the effective stress equation can be easily obtained by the internal force equilibrium analysis. This equation reflects the relationship between the effective stress, total stress and pore fluid pressure, which does not change with the soil property. The effective stress equation of saturated soils and unsaturated soils is unified, i.e., o~=o~t -Seuw-(1-Se)ua. For multiphase porous medium, o~=o~t -u*,u*=Seiui(i=1,2,...,M). In this book, a theoretical formula of the coefficient of permeability for unsaturated soils is derived. The formula of the seepage force is modified based on the equilibrium differential equation of the pore water. The relationship between the effective stress and the shear strength and deformation of unsaturated soils is preliminarily verified. Finally, some possibly controversial problems are discussed to provide a better understanding of the role of the equilibrium equation and the concept of effective stress.

Developments in Earthquake Engineering have focussed on the capacity and response of structures. They often overlook the importance of seismological knowledge to earthquake-proofing of design. It is not enough only to understand the anatomy of the structure, you must also appreciate the nature of the likely earthquake.

Seismic design, as detailed in this book, is the bringing together of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology. It focuses on the seismological aspects of design a " analyzing various types of earthquake and how they affect structures differently. Understanding the distinction between these earthquake types and their different impacts on buildings can make the difference between whether a building stands or falls, or at least to how much it costs to repair.

Covering the basis and basics of the major international codes, this is the essential guide for professionals working on structures in earthquake zones around the world.

Risk-based engineering is essential for the efficient asset management and safe operation of bridges. A risk-based asset management strategy couples risk management, standard work, reliability-based inspection and structural analysis, and condition-based maintenance to properly apply resources based on process criticality. This ensures that proper controls are put in place and reliability analysis is used to ensure continuous improvement. An effective risk-based management system includes an enterprise asset management or resource solution that properly catalogues asset attribute data, a functional hierarchy, criticality analysis, risk and failure analysis, control plans, reliability analysis and continuous improvement. Such efforts include periodic inspections, condition evaluations and prioritizing repairs accordingly. This book contains select papers that were presented at the 10th New York City Bridge Conference, held on August 26-27, 2019. The volume is a valuable contribution to the state-of-the-art in bridge engineering.

In the summer of 1893, at the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, an engineering marvel was unveiled and immediately captured the world's attention. It was a towering, web-like giant wheel, standing upright and rotating high above the city. Several stories taller than any existing American building, the Ferris Wheel carried adventure-seeking passengers to the dizzying height of 264 feet and provided panoramic views never before possible. George W. G. Ferris Jr. and his wheel helped usher America - eager to identify itself with ingenuity, entrepreneurialism, and innovation - into the 20th century. Yet the very wheel that came to define George Ferris in the end consumed him, leaving him ruined. This book is the first full-length biography of George Ferris. He was a civil engineer, an inventor, and a pioneer for his development of structural steel in bridge building. ""Circles in the Sky"" chronicles the life of the man responsible for creating, designing, and building the Ferris Wheel, the only structure of its time to rival the Eiffel Tower. It is, at the same time, the story of the Ferris clan, one of the nation's oldest and most fascinating families. The London Eye, erected in 1999 to welcome the new millennium, the Star of Nanchang, and most recently, the Singapore Flyer, have revived our love affair with Ferris wheels. Circles in the Sky will enchant anyone interested in engineering marvels, history, and the Ferris wheel, which reminds us that America was built by dreamers and innovators such as George W. G. Ferris Jr.

Today's biggest structural engineering challenge is to design better structures, and a key issue is the need to take an integrated approach which balances control of costs with the requirement for handling earthquakes and other dynamic forces. Structural optimization is based on rigorous mathematical formulation and requires computation algorithms for sizing structural elements and synthesizing systems. Now that the right software and enough computing power are readily available, professionals can now develop a suite of alternative designs and a select suitable one.

A thoroughly-written and practical book on structural optimization is long overdue. This solid book comprehensively presents current optimization strategies, illustrated with sufficient examples of the design of elements and systems and presenting descriptions of the process and results. Emphasis is given to dynamic loading, in particular to seismic forces.

Researchers and practising engineers will find this book an excellent reference, and advanced undergraduates or graduate students can use it as a resource for structural optimization design.

Rock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering, and involves a wide variety of topics, from earthquake engineering, blasting, impacts, failure of rock engineering structures as well as the occurrence and prediction of earthquakes, induced seismicity, rock bursts to non-destructive testing and explorations. Rock dynamics has wide applications in civil and infrastructural, resources and energy, geological and environmental engineering, geothermal energy, and earthquake hazard management, and has become one of the most topical areas. 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit contains 8 keynote addresses and 128 regular full papers that were presented at the 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit (2019 RDS, Okinawa, Japan, 7-11 May 2019), a specialized conference jointly organized by the Rock Dynamics Committee of the Japanese Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE-RDC), the Japanese Society for Rock Mechanics (JSRM), and which was supported by the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM) and the Turkish National Society for Rock Mechanics (TNSRM). The contributions cover a wide range of topics on the dynamic behavior of rock and rock masses and scientific and engineering applications, and include: - Laboratory tests on Dynamic Responses of Rocks and Rock Masses / Fracturing of Rocks and Associated Strong Motions - Estimation Procedures and Numerical Techniques of Strong Motions Associated with the Rupture of Earth's Crust and Some Strong Motion - Dynamic Response and Stability of Rock Foundations, Underground Excavations in Rock, Rock Slopes Dynamic Responses and Stability of Stone Masonry Historical Structures and Monuments - Induced Seismicity - Dynamic Simulation of Loading and Excavation - Blasting and machinery induced vibrations - Rockburst, Outburst, Impacts - Nondestructive Testing Using Shock Waves - Case Histories of Failure Phenomenon in Rock Engineering 2019 Rock Dynamics Summit contains the state-of-the-art in rock dynamics, and will be invaluable to professionals and academics interested in the latest advances in new techniques for experiments, analytical and numerical modelling as well as monitoring in dynamics of rocks and rock engineering structures.

Trends in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures is a collection of the papers presented at MARSTRUCT 2019, the 7th International Conference on Marine Structures held in Dubrovnik, Croatia, 6-8 May 2019. The MARSTRUCT series of Conferences started in Glasgow, UK in 2007, the second event of the series having taken place in Lisbon, Portugal in March 2009, the third in Hamburg, Germany in March 2011, the fourth in Espoo, Finland in March 2013, the fifth in Southampton, UK in March 2015, and the sixth in Lisbon, Portugal in May 2017. This Conference series specialises in dealing with Ships and Offshore Structures, addressing topics in the fields of: - Methods and Tools for Loads and Load Effects - Methods and Tools for Strength Assessment - Experimental Analysis of Structures - Materials and Fabrication of Structures - Methods and Tools for Structural Design and Optimisation - Structural Reliability, Safety and Environmental Protection. Trends in the Analysis and Design of Marine Structures is an essential document for academics, engineers and all professionals involved in the area of analysis and design of Ships and Offshore Structures. About the series: The 'Proceedings in Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering' series is devoted to the publication of proceedings of peer-reviewed international conferences dealing with various aspects of 'Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering'. The Series includes the proceedings of the following conferences: the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean (IMAM) conferences, the Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT) conferences, the Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW) conferences and the Maritime Technology (MARTECH) conferences. The 'Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering' series is also open to new conferences that cover topics on the sustainable exploration and exploitation of marine resources in various fields, such as maritime transport and ports, usage of the ocean including coastal areas, nautical activities, the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, the protection of the marine environment and its resources, and risk analysis, safety and reliability. The aim of the series is to stimulate advanced education and training through the wide dissemination of the results of scientific research.

The mechanisms by which buildings and infrastructures degrade are complex, as are the procedures and methods for inspection and for rehabilitation. This book examines the various problems caused by non-uniform deformation changes, poor durability, and natural and human disasters such as earthquakes and fire. Attention is given to the causes and mechanisms of the deterioration. General procedures and commonly used techniques for inspection and evaluation of existing infrastructures are introduced. The desk study, destructive test, and non-destructive test are discussed - in particular the newly developed non-destructive methods for deterioration monitoring. The book then moves on to conventional renovation techniques such as patch and steel plate strengthening, which meet the requirements of normal practice. Special attention is paid to compatibility between repair materials and degraded materials. Fibrous composite materials are then introduced as a basis for innovative repair techniques, and different fibre and matrix properties are outlined, as are newly developed inorganic binders as a matrix for fibrous composites. Finally, advanced rehabilitation techniques using fibrous composite are described. Fundamental issues such as bonding and failure mechanisms are then discussed in detail. Fibrous composite strengthening techniques for beam, wall, column and slabs are covered, including shear strengthening, flexural strengthening, and fillet winding, as are codes of practice for retrofitting with fibrous composites. This caters to students and academics world-wide and serves as a "tool book" for concrete and structural engineering professionals.