254 7. 2 AEROSPACE 261 7. 3 MARINE 265 7. 4 GROUND TRANSPORTATION 268 7. 5 CNIL 270 References 285 Index Preface Most structures consist of an assembly of a number of individual components that must be connected to form an integral load transmission path. These connections are often referred to as joints and can be achieved in a variety of forms, e. g. by bolting, riveting, or other forms of mechanical fastening, or by welding or brazing for connecting metallic elements, or by adhesive bonding. No matter what forms of connections are used in the structure, these joints are potentially the weakest points in the structure and the locations where a weight penalty may apply. Thus structural joints must be designed adequately to meet the specific design requirements. Adhesive bonding represents one of the most important enabling technologies for developing innovative design concepts and structural configurations as well as exploiting new materials. The evolution of adhesive bonding technology, and its current knowledge base, was made possibly by the explosive growth in the adhesive applications in a great variety of industries over the past few decades. While it is easy for everyone to identify examples of adhesive bonding in the world around us, analysis and design of structural bonded joints represent one of the most challenging jobs in structural design and manufacturing. Compared to other joining methods, particularly mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding can offer substantial performance and economic advantages.

Cavity expansion theory is a simple theory that has found many applications in geotechnical engineering. In particular, it has been used widely to analyse problems relating to deep foundations, in-situ testing, underground excavation and tunnelling, and wellbore instability. Although much research has been carried out in this field, all the major findings are reported in the form of reports and articles published in technical journals and conference proceedings. To facilitate applications and further development of cavity expansion theory, there is a need for the geotechnical community to have a single volume presentation of cavity expansion theory and its applications in solid and rock mechanics. This book is the first attempt to summarize and present, in one volume, the major developments achieved to date in the field of cavity expansion theory and its applications in geomechanics. Audience: Although it is intended primarily as a reference book for civil, mining, and petroleum engineers who are interested in cavity expansion methods, the solutions presented in the book will also be of interest to students and researchers in the fields of applied mechanics and mechanical engineering.

Structural Optimization is intended to supplement the engineer s box of analysis and design tools making optimization as commonplace as the finite element method in the engineering workplace. It begins with an introduction to structural optimization and the methods of nonlinear programming such as Lagrange multipliers, Kuhn-Tucker conditions, and calculus of variations. It then discusses solution methods for optimization problems such as the classic method of linear programming which leads to the method of sequential linear programming. It then proposes using sequential linear programming together with the incremental equations of structures as a general method for structural optimization. It is furthermore intended to give the engineer an overview of the field of structural optimization."

A typical engineering task during the development of any system is, among others, to improve its performance in terms of cost and response. Improvements can be achieved either by simply using design rules based on the experience or in an automated way by using optimization methods that lead to optimum designs.Design Optimization of Active and Passive Structural Control Systems includes Earthquake Engineering and Tuned Mass Damper research topics into a volume taking advantage of the connecting link between them, which is optimization. This is a publication addressing the design optimization of active and passive control systems. This title is perfect for engineers, professionals, professors, and students alike, providing cutting edge research and applications.

The in situ rehabilitation or upgrading of reinforced concrete members using bonded steel plates is an effective, convenient and economic method of improving structural performance. However, disadvantages inherent in the use of steel have stimulated research into the possibility of using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials in its place, providing a non-corrosive, more versatile strengthening system.
This book presents a detailed study of the flexural strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members using fibre reinforces polymer composite plates. It is based to a large extent on material developed or provided by the consortium which studied the technology of plate bonding to upgrade structural units using carbon fibre / polymer composite materials. The research and trial tests were undertaken as part of the ROBUST project, one of several ventures in the UK Government's DTI-LINK Structural Composites Programme.
The book has been designed for practising structural and civil engineers seeking to understand the principles and design technology of plate bonding, and for final year undergraduate and postgraduate engineers studying the principles of highway and bridge engineering and structural engineering.
Detailed study of the flexural strengthening of reinforced and prestressed concrete members using fibre reinforced polymer compositesContains in-depth case histories

Safety and reliability are important for the whole expected service duration of an engineering structure. Therefore, prognostical solutions for different building types are needed and uncertainties have to be handled. Life-cycle strategies to control future structural degradations by concepts of appropriate design have to be developed, in case including means of inspection, maintenance, and repair. Aspects of costs and sustainability also matter. The Cooperative Research Center for Lifetime-Oriented Design Concepts (SFB 398) at Ruhr University in Bochum combines the wide range of scientific topics between structural engineering, structural and soil mechanics and material sciences regarding structural lifetime management in this present extraordinary monolithic format. The characterization and modeling of lifetime-related external actions of multiple origin are presented in this book as well as the physical description, the modeling and the validation of material degradation. Adaptive numerical methods and simulation techniques are provided for the lifetime-oriented design concepts to forecast material and structural degradation. Stochastic aspects, mathematical optimization methods and interactions between various influences are included. Thus, a solid basis is provided for future practical use and also for standardization of structural design with respect to lifetime-prediction.

Have you ever wondered where the safety factors come from? Why is it that deterministic analysis has reached a very sophisticated level, but in the end empirical factors are still needed? Is there a way to select them, rather than assigning them arbitrarily as is often done? This book clearly shows that safety factors are closely related with the reliability of structures, giving yet another demonstration of Albert Einstein's maxim that "It is incomprehensible that Nature is comprehensible." The book shows that the safety factors are much more comprehensible if they are seen in a probabilistic context. Several definitions of the safety factors are given, analytical results on insightful numbers are presented, nonprobabilistic safety factors are shown, as well as their estimates derived by the inequalities of Bienayme, Markov, Chebushev and Camp-Meidell. A special chapter is devoted to important contributions by Japanese experts. This volume will help to critically re-think the issue of safety factors, which can create a false feeling of security. The deterministic paradigm can be enhanced by incorporating probabilistic concepts wisely where they are needed without treating all variables as probabilistic ones. The book shows that there is a need of their integration rather than separation. This book is intended for engineers, graduate students, lecturers and researchers.

Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field finding newer and newer areas of application that remained unexplored previously. In the area of civil infrastructure systems such as buildings, roads, and bridges, there is a drive towards understanding the behavior of component materials and their interactions at the molecular or nano-level to manipulate and effect macro-level changes to engineer designer or smart materials. Nano-engineering and nano-modification of concrete and bituminous materials have far-reaching implications allowing the development of cost-effective, high-performance, and long-lasting products and processes for civil infrastructure within the ideals of sustainable development. This book focuses on the latest advances made in the development and characterization of nanotechnology based civil engineering materials, structures, and systems. Specific topics discussed in this book include nanoscience modeling to understand the atomic structure of C-S-H, the effect of nanomaterials on cement hydration and reinforcement, multifunctional concrete and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) reinforced cementitious systems, nano-optimized construction materials by nano-seeding, moisture damage characterization of asphalt materials using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation, nanoclay-modified asphalt binder systems, etc.

This book contains papers presented at the IUTAM/IACM Symposium Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics II' held in Vienna, Austria, in June 1997. During the last decade the broad field of Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics' has experienced a remarkable evolution. New aspects have come into focus. Many of them were stimulated by challenging requirements coming from high-tech applications. In these proceedings such recent developments are presented and discussed together with new trends and demands. In view of their relevance, emphasis was put on nonlinear finite element methods and boundary element methods as well as on the coupling of these two numerical methods. Novel developments in other discretization methods having the potential of opening new avenues for promising applications were also considered. The different sources of nonlinearities, such as large deformations, large strains, nonlinear material behaviour (including viscoplasticity, progressive damage, nonlinearities in composites and other microstructured materials), contact with or without friction, etc., require (a) a careful mathematical and mechanical description and modelling, (b) the development of efficient algorithms and (c) a sound computational treatment. Contributions meeting these requirements are presented. Further emphasis was laid on significant improvements concerning efficiency, accuracy and reliability of discretization methods in nonlinear structural mechanics (e.g. error estimation, self-adapting mesh refinement, multigrid methods). A number of papers deal with new aspects of sensitivity analysis and optimization. Neural network strategies as well as modern data processing architectures(such as parallel computers and transputers) and their impact on the developments of new algorithmic concepts are discussed.

This volume presents new methodologies for the design of dimension stone based on the concepts of structural design while preserving the excellence of stonemasonry practice in facade engineering. Straightforward formulae are provided for computing action on cladding, with special emphasis on the effect of seismic forces, including an extensive general methodology applied to non-structural elements. Based on the Load and Resistance Factor Design Format (LRDF), minimum slab thickness formulae are presented that take into consideration stress concentrations analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) for the most commonly used modern anchorage systems. Calculation examples allow designers to solve several anchorage engineering problems in a detailed and objective manner, underlining the key parameters. The design of the anchorage metal parts, either in stainless steel or aluminum, is also presented.

In this book, experts on textile technologies convey both general and specific information on various aspects of textile engineering, ready-made technologies, and textile chemistry. They describe the entire process chain from fiber materials to various yarn constructions, 2D and 3D textile constructions, preforms, and interface layer design. In addition, the authors introduce testing methods, shaping and simulation techniques for the characterization of and structural mechanics calculations on anisotropic, pliable high-performance textiles, including specific examples from the fields of fiber plastic composites, textile concrete and textile membranes. Readers will also be familiarized with the potential offered by increasingly employed textile structures, for instance in the fields of composite technology, construction technology, security technology and membrane technology.

This book has grown out of lectures and courses given at Linkoeping University, Sweden, over a period of 15 years. It gives an introductory treatment of problems and methods of structural optimization. The three basic classes of geometrical - timization problems of mechanical structures, i. e. , size, shape and topology op- mization, are treated. The focus is on concrete numerical solution methods for d- crete and (?nite element) discretized linear elastic structures. The style is explicit and practical: mathematical proofs are provided when arguments can be kept e- mentary but are otherwise only cited, while implementation details are frequently provided. Moreover, since the text has an emphasis on geometrical design problems, where the design is represented by continuously varying-frequently very many- variables, so-called ?rst order methods are central to the treatment. These methods are based on sensitivity analysis, i. e. , on establishing ?rst order derivatives for - jectives and constraints. The classical ?rst order methods that we emphasize are CONLIN and MMA, which are based on explicit, convex and separable appro- mations. It should be remarked that the classical and frequently used so-called op- mality criteria method is also of this kind. It may also be noted in this context that zero order methods such as response surface methods, surrogate models, neural n- works, genetic algorithms, etc. , essentially apply to different types of problems than the ones treated here and should be presented elsewhere.

Progressive failure has been a classical problem in the field of geotechnical engineering and has attracted considerable attention in connection with slope stability and foundation problems. It is associated with strain localization or shear banding and is also related to damage in material structures. As knowledge of the progressive failure mechanism increases, it is now necessary to establish effective communications between researchers and engineers.

The International Symposium on Deformation and Progressive Failure in Geomechanics provided an opportunity for discussing recent advances in this area.

A total of 136 papers were contributed from 22 countries. As well as these, the symposium proceedings also contain 8 interim technical reports on the subject by the members of the Asian Technical Committee of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering and the Japanese Geotechnical Society National Committee on Progressive Failure in Geo-structures.

This collection of papers is a state of the art presentation of theories and methods related to the problem of the behaviour of mechanical structures under variable loads beyond their elastic limit In particular, the problems of shakedown, ratchetting, transient and asymptotic cyclic states are addressed. The volume is composed of four chapters devoted to material modelling for cyclic loading conditions; general theory of accommodated states of structures; effects of changes of the geometry on the inelastic structural response; and numerical techniques with applications to particular engineering problems. It was aimed to provide a unified approach in order to understand both inelastic material and structural response under variable loading conditions. The attempt to extend the classical shakedown theory of Melan and Koiter to geometrically non-linear problems is presented in several papers. The industrial application of cyclic plasticity to the analysis and the design of pressure bellows, compensators, turbine disks, or flange connections under thermal and pressure cycles illustrates the great potential of the numerical techniques developed for this purpose using mostly min-max approaches. The treatment of railway problems and the analysis and optimisation of pavements are further examples of important areas of applications. Emphasis was laid on approaches that take into account the fact that loading histories are often not precisely known Therefore, the center of interest lies in other than step by step calculation methods.

In this book a detailed and systematic treatment of asymptotic methods in the theory of plates and shells is presented. The main features of the book are the basic principles of asymptotics and their applications, traditional approaches such as regular and singular perturbations, as well as new approaches such as the composite equations approach. The book introduces the reader to the field of asymptotic simplification of the problems of the theory of plates and shells and will be useful as a handbook of methods of asymptotic integration. Providing a state-of-the-art review of asymptotic applications, this book will be useful as an introduction to the field for novices as well as a reference book for specialists.

This comprehensive new two-volume work provides the reader with a detailed insight into the use of the finite element method in geotechnical engineering. As specialist knowledge required to perform geotechnical finite element analysis is not normally part of a single engineering degree course, this lucid work will prove invaluable. It brings together essential information presented in a manner understandable to most engineers.Volume 1 presents the theory, assumptions and approximations involved in finite element analysis while Volume 2 concentrates on its practical applications.

Geologists and civil engineers related to infrastructure planning, design and building describe professional practices and engineering geological methods in different European infrastructure projects.

This book contains the keynote presentations, invited speeches, and general session papers presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Asia Urban GeoEngineering, which will be held from 24 November to 27 November 2017 in Changsha, China. The contents will cover the topics of (i) Fundamental behavior and constitutive model of geomaterials, (ii) Excavation and slope engineering, (iii) Tunnel and underground engineering, (iv) Foundation and foundation treatment, (v) Environmental geotechnical engineering, (vi) Numerical methods in geotechnical engineering. It will provide an opportunity to share knowledge and experiences of the analysis, design, construction, and maintenance of urban geoengineering among engineers, researchers, and professors in Asian countries. It will improve our knowledge of requirements of geoengineering for a long-term sustainable urban development and the need to protect and preserve our environment.

"The Fifth Edition of Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation is the complete and comprehensive text in the field. It presents modern methods of analysis and techniques adaptable to computer programming clearly and easily. The book is ideal as a text for advanced undergraduates or graduate students taking a first course in structural dynamics. It is arranged in such a way that it can be used for a one- or two-semester course, or span the undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition, this text will serve the practicing engineer as a primary reference. The text differs from the standard approach of other presentations in which topics are ordered by their mathematical complexity. This text is organized by the type of structural modeling. The author simplifies the subject by presenting a single degree-of-freedom system in the first chapters, then moves to systems with many degrees-of-freedom in the following chapters. Finally, the text moves to applications of the first chapters and special topics in structural dynamics. New in this Edition: Problems reworked for SAP2000 (R). Step-by-step examples of how to use SAP2000 (R) for every application of structural dynamics. Inclusion of companion Web site (extras.springer.com/2004) with three learning aids: SAP2000 (R) student version; source code for the author's educational programs in structural dynamics, so that the results of changed parameters can be seen step-by-step; and the compiler (executable files) for the author's educational programs. Three earthquake engineering chapters updated to the latest ICC (R) building codes. Materials rearranged so that theory and dynamic analysis precede applications and special topics, facilitating using the book sequentially. Complete instructions provided to advanced topics as foundation for further study. This text is essential for civil engineering students. Professional civil engineers will find it an ideal reference."

This monograph is based on subsurface hydrodynamics and applied geomechanics and places them in a unifying framework. It focuses on the understanding of physical and mechanical properties of geomaterials by presenting mathematical models of deformation and fracture with related experiments.

Moving inertial loads are applied to structures in civil engineering, robotics, and mechanical engineering. Some fundamental books exist, as well as thousands of research papers. Well known is the book by L. Fryba, Vibrations of Solids and Structures Under Moving Loads, which describes almost all problems concerning non-inertial loads. This book presents broad description of numerical tools successfully applied to structural dynamic analysis. Physically we deal with non-conservative systems. The discrete approach formulated with the use of the classical finite element method results in elemental matrices, which can be directly added to global structure matrices. A more general approach is carried out with the space-time finite element method. In such a case, a trajectory of the moving concentrated parameter in space and time can be simply defined. We consider structures described by pure hyperbolic differential equations such as strings and structures described by hyperbolic-parabolic differential equations such as beams and plates. More complex structures such as frames, grids, shells, and three-dimensional objects, can be treated with the use of the solutions given in this book.

This handbook is a collection of elasticity solutions. Many of the results presented here cannot be found in textbooks and are available in scientific articles only. Some of them were obtained in the closed form quite recently. The solutions have been thoroughly checked and reduced to a "user friendly" form. Every effort has been made to keep the book free of misprints. The theory of elasticity is a mature field and a large number of solutions are ava- able. We had to make choices in selecting material for this book. The emphasis is made on results relevant to general solid mechanics and materials science appli- tions. Solutions related to structural mechanics (beams, plates, shells, etc.) are left out. The content is limited to the linear elasticity. We are grateful to B. Nuller for several clarifications concerning the contact pr- lem and to V. Levin for suggestions on Eshelby's problem. We also appreciate a n- ber of remarks and comments made by L. Germanovich, I. Sevostianov, O. Zharii and R. Zimmerman. We are particularly indebted to E. Karapetian for a substantial help in putting the material together.

This book is intended for classroom teaching in architectural and civil engineering at the graduate and undergraduate levels. Although it has been developed from lecture notes given in structural steel design, it can be useful to practicing engineers. Many of the examples presented in this book are drawn from the field of design of structures. Design of Steel Structures can be used for one or two semesters of three hours each on the undergraduate level. For a two-semester curriculum, Chapters 1 through 8 can be used during the first semester. Heavy emphasis should be placed on Chapters 1 through 5, giving the student a brief exposure to the consideration of wind and earthquakes in the design of buildings. With the new federal requirements vis a vis wind and earthquake hazards, it is beneficial to the student to have some under standing of the underlying concepts in this field. In addition to the class lectures, the instructor should require the student to submit a term project that includes the complete structural design of a multi-story building using standard design procedures as specified by AISC Specifications. Thus, the use of the AISC Steel Construction Manual is a must in teaching this course. In the second semester, Chapters 9 through 13 should be covered. At the undergraduate level, Chapters 11 through 13 should be used on a limited basis, leaving the student more time to concentrate on composite construction and built-up girders."

The hazards posed to engineering structures by salt weathering are increasing because of such diverse factors as the spread of irrigation and high levels of atmospheric pollution. Salt weathering is also a potent cause of rock decay and geomorphological change in polar, coastal and desert environments. The book discusses the reasons why the hazards are increasing and presents striking case studies from many parts of the world. It also discusses the nature and sources of different salts, the mechanisms that cause the deterioration of building materials and natural rock outcrops, the geomorphological processes of salt attack and their impact on landform development, and the strategies and techniques that are available to combat salt attack. The book is extensively illustrated and has a very comprehensive bibliography of the multi-disciplinary literature.

Rock Dynamics - Experiments, Theories and Applications is a collection of scientific and technical papers presented at the Third International Conference on Rock Dynamics and Applications (RocDyn-3, Trondheim, Norway, 26-27 June 2018). The papers in the book reflect the recent developments in experiment and theory as well as engineering applications of rock dynamics. Rock dynamics studies the response of rock and rock masses under dynamic loading and during the state transition from static loading to kinetic movement. It also includes the study of engineering countermeasures to dynamic instability of rock and rock masses. The topics in the book include: - Dynamic theories - Numerical simulation - Propagation of stress waves - Dynamic tests of rock - Stability of underground openings under dynamic loading - Rockburst - Seismic monitoring - Dynamic rock support - Blasting - Earthquake-related rock structure damage, etc. Applications, such as rockburst, dynamic rock support, seismic monitoring, blasting and earthquake-related rock structure damage, are paid special attention in Rock Dynamics - Experiments, Theories and Applications. The papers, from specialists both from mining and tunnelling branches, discuss commonly interested dynamic issues. Their experience and knowledge in the application of rock dynamics are extremely valuable for all academics, engineers and professionals who work with rock dynamics.