From long-standing worries regarding the use of lead and asbestos to recent research into carcinogenic issues related to the use of plastics in construction, there is growing concern regarding the potential toxic effects of building materials on health. Toxicity of building materials provides an essential guide to this important problem and its solutions. Beginning with an overview of the material types and potential health hazards presented by building materials, the book goes on to consider key plastic materials. Materials responsible for formaldehyde and volatile organic compound emissions, as well as semi-volatile organic compounds, are then explored in depth, before a review of wood preservatives and mineral fibre-based building materials. Issues related to the use of radioactive materials and materials that release toxic fumes during burning are the focus of subsequent chapters, followed by discussion of the range of heavy metals, materials prone to mould growth, and antimicrobials. Finally, Toxicity of building materials concludes by considering the potential hazards posed by waste based/recycled building materials, and the toxicity of nanoparticles. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Toxicity of building materials is an invaluable tool for all civil engineers, materials researchers, scientists and educators working in the field of building materials.

Service life estimation is an area of growing importance in civil engineering both for determining the remaining service life of civil engineering structures and for designing new structural systems with well-defined periods of functionality. Service life estimation and extension of civil engineering structures provides valuable information on the development and use of newer and more durable materials and methods of construction, as well as the development and use of new techniques of estimating service life. Part one discusses using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to extend the service-life of civil engineering structures. It considers the key issues in the use of FRP composites, examines the possibility of extending the service life of structurally deficient and deteriorating concrete structures and investigates the uncertainties of using FRP composites in the rehabilitation of civil engineering structures. Part two discusses estimating the service life of civil engineering structures including modelling service life and maintenance strategies and probabilistic methods for service life estimation. It goes on to investigate non-destructive evaluation and testing (NDE/NDT) as well as databases and knowledge-based systems for service life estimation of rehabilitated civil structures and pipelines. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Service life estimation and extension of civil engineering structures is an invaluable resource to academics, civil engineers, construction companies, infrastructure providers and all those with an interest in improving the service life, safety and reliability of civil engineering structures.

The choice of structural design and material is essential in preventing the external walls of a vessel from buckling under pressure. In this revised second edition of Pressure vessels, Carl Ross reviews the problem and uses both theoretical and practical examples to show how it can be solved for different structures. The second edition opens with an overview of the types of vessels under external pressure and materials used for construction. Axisymmetric deformation and different types of instability are discussed in the following chapters, with chapters 5 and 6 covering vibration of pressure vessel shells, both in water and out. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on novel pressure hulls, covering design, vibration and collapse, while chapters 9 and 10 concentrate on the design and non-linear analysis of submarine pressure hulls under external hydrostatic pressure. In chapter 11, the design, structure and materials of deep-diving underwater pressure vessels are discussed, focusing on their application in missile defence systems. Finally, chapter 12 analyses the vibration of a thin-walled shell under external water pressure, using ANSYS technology. Drawing on the author's extensive experience in engineering and design both in an industrial and academic capacity, the second edition of Pressure vessels is an essential reference for stress analysts, designers, consultants and manufacturers of pressure vessels, as well as all those with an academic research interest in the area.

Many concrete structures and elements of concrete infrastructure have exceeded their original design lives and are deteriorating to an extent where they are becoming dangerous. The deterioration can be internal or not obvious and therefore only shows up with detailed testing. Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods reviews the processes of deterioration and classical and standard test methods. Part one discusses deterioration of reinforced concrete and testing problems with chapters on topics such as key issues in the non-destructive testing of concrete structures, when to use non-destructive testing of reinforced concrete structures, deterioration processes in reinforced concrete, modelling ageing and corrosion processes in reinforced concrete structures, components in concrete and their impact on quality, and predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Part two reviews classical and standard testing methods including microscopic examination of deteriorated concrete, the analysis of solid components and their ratios in reinforced concrete structures, the determination of chlorides in concrete structures, and investigating the original water content of reinforced concrete structures. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Non-destructive evaluation of reinforced concrete structures, Volume 1: Deterioration processes and standard test methods will be a standard reference for civil and structural engineers as well as those concerned with making decisions regarding the safety of reinforced concrete structures.

Solid design and craftsmanship are a necessity for structures and infrastructures that must stand up to natural disasters on a regular basis. Continuous research developments in the engineering field are imperative for sustaining buildings against the threat of earthquakes and other natural disasters. Performance-Based Seismic Design of Concrete Structures and Infrastructures is an informative reference source on all the latest trends and emerging data associated with structural design. Highlighting key topics such as seismic assessments, shear wall structures, and infrastructure resilience, this is an ideal resource for all academicians, students, professionals, and researchers that are seeking new knowledge on the best methods and techniques for designing solid structural designs.

The development of new and effective analytical and numerical models is essential to understanding the performance of a variety of structures. As computational methods continue to advance, so too do their applications in structural performance modeling and analysis. Modeling and Simulation Techniques in Structural Engineering presents emerging research on computational techniques and applications within the field of structural engineering. This timely publication features practical applications as well as new research insights and is ideally designed for use by engineers, IT professionals, researchers, and graduate-level students.

Written for civil, structural and geotechnical engineers, this book presents the latest research and practical experience in the design of high-arch dams in seismically active regions, from an author team that is highly active and experienced in the design, development and construction of 300m high arch dams. The book covers the entire subject of dam design for seismic regions, including seismic input mechanisms and modeling, non-linear analysis techniques for dam structure and foundations, concrete material properties, and simulation techniques for dam design. Of particular value are the real-world experimental data and design case studies that enhance the book and ensure that readers can apply the theoretical content to their own projects.

Up-to-date edition of Computational Geomechanics, broadening the focus of the first edition to include more applications This extended second edition of the highly successful book Computational Geomechanics with special reference to Earthquake Engineering by Zienkiewicz O.C., Chan A.H.C., Pastor M., Schrefler B. A. and Shiomi T. introduces the theory and application of the Biot-Zienkiewicz formulation for saturated and unsaturated soil. This was one of main research areas of the late Prof. Zienkiewicz and his team in Swansea. The formulation given in this book have shown great success in a wide range of problems ranging from failure load under static loading, saturated and unsaturated consolidation, to liquefaction of soil under earthquake loading. The purpose of the book is to introduce and explain the formulation to research students, researchers and practicing engineers so that the method can be properly understood and correctly applied. This edition includes most of the material in first edition updated to include new applications to reflect the work done in the past decade. The change in the sub-title reflects better the new content introduced. As there is still no comparable publication in the market the authors felt that there is a need to bring out a second edition to incorporate the many significant developments over the past decade. Furthermore, since the first edition, existing computer software has been updated and new computer software has been introduced. This second edition offers the excellent opportunity for the team to report on the progress made in the past decade, guide the readers on how to make use of the formulation and the software and point them to the exciting opportunities ahead. * Logically organized, thoroughly updated edition of the classic book by Zienkiewicz et al. * New chapter on computational methods for fast catastrophic landslides. * Companion website with example code including SWANDYNE and GeoMadrid. * Each chapter includes multiple question, problems and hands-on experiments, as well as suggested applications to other situations.

A comprehensive introduction to strain-based structural health monitoring of civil structures, with focus on measurement and data analysis Introduction to Strain-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures focuses on the SHM of Civil Structures and Infrastructure, and develops the relevant topics of measurement and data analysis from a fundamental to advanced level. The book contains an overview of the available and emerging monitoring technologies, for example, traditional strain-gauges, fiber optic sensors, and large area electronics. The fundamental criteria for applications of SHM technologies on concrete, steel and composite materials are also discussed, and both basic and advanced data interpretation and analysis for static and dynamic monitoring are presented in detail. Methods applicable to a large spectrum of civil structures such as bridges, buildings, and geo-structures are summarized. These methods are illustrated with practical examples. Key features: * Introduces strain-based structural health monitoring of civil structures, with focus on measurement and data analysis. * Contains the basic strain-based SHM methods for monitoring various types of structures. * Covers the physical principles, advantages and limitations of various types of sensors. * Covers the sources of static and dynamic strain, and how to interpret the strain measurement. * Includes basic and advanced methods for static and dynamic data analysis. * Explores the potential and benefits as well as the limitations of SHM. * Suitable as a guide for practicing engineers, reference for infrastructure owners, and textbook for researchers and SHM university courses. Introduction to Strain-Based Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Structures is essential, state-of-the-art reading for civil and structural engineers and professionals in SHM, as well as teachers, researchers and students in civil engineering.

This book describes the fundamentals and potential applications of friction stir superplasticity for unitized structures . Conventional superplastic forming of sheets is limited to the thickness of 3 mm because the fine grained starting material is produced by rolling. Friction stir superplasticity has grown rapidly in the last decade because of the effectiveness of microstructural refinement. The thickness of the material remains almost constant, and that allows for forming of thick sheets/plates, which was not possible before. The field has reached a point where designers have opportunities to expand the extent of unitized structures, which are structures in which the traditional primary part and any supporting structures are fabricated as a single unit. With advanced optimization and material considerations, this class of structures can be lighter weight and more efficient, making them less costly, as well as mechanically less complex, reducing areas of possible failure.
Discusses how friction stir processing allows selective microstructural refinement without thickness changeDemonstrates how higher thickness sheets and plates can be superplastically formedExamples are presented for aluminum, magnesium and titanium alloysCovers the production of low-cost unitized structures by selectively processing cast sheets/plates "

The consequences of a large dam failing can be disastrous. However, predicting the performance of concrete dams during earthquakes is one of the most complex and challenging problems in structural dynamics. Based on a nonlinear approach, "Seismic Safety Evaluation of Concrete Dams" allows engineers to build models that account for nonlinear phenomena such as vertical joint slippage, cracks, and cavitation. This yields more accurate estimates. Advanced but readable, this book is the culmination of the work carried out by Tsinghua University Research Group on Earthquake Resistance on Dams over the last two decades.
Nonlinearity characteristics of high concrete dams, seismic analysis methods, evaluation models

A systematic approach to nonlinear analysis and seismic safety evaluation of concrete dams

Includes nonlinear fracture of dam-water-foundation interaction system, dynamic fluid-structure and

Covers soil-structure interactions, and meso-scale mechanical behavior of concrete are all international front issues of the field.