The ESIS-Technical Committee 9 on Concrete was established in 1990
and has met seven times. A proposal was put to European and
extra-European laboratories entitled "Scale effects and
transitional failure phenomena of reinforced concrete beams in
flexure" which lead to several positive responses.
The central topic discussed by the committee was that of the
minimum reinforcement in concrete members. The minimum amount of
reinforcement is defined as that for which "peak load at first
concrete cracking" and "ultimate load after steel yielding" are
equal. In this way, any brittle behaviour is avoided as well as any
localized failure, if the member is not over-reinforced. In other
words, there is a reinforcement percentage range, depending on the
size-scale, within which the plastic limit analysis may be applied
with its static and kinematic theorems.
Carpinteri, Ferro, Bosco and El-Katieb propose a LEFM model,
according to which reinforcement reactions are applied directly on
the crack surfaces and a compatibility condition is locally imposed
on the crack opening displacement in correspondence with the
reinforcement. The theoretical model is found to provide a
satisfactory estimate of the minimum percentage of reinforcement
that depends on the scale and enables the element in flexure to
prevent brittle failure.
General
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